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  193.   <section id="module-zipimport">

  194. <span id="zipimport-import-modules-from-zip-archives"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a> — Import modules from Zip archives<a class="headerlink" href="#module-zipimport" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  195. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/zipimport.py">Lib/zipimport.py</a></p>

  196. <hr class="docutils" />

  197. <p>This module adds the ability to import Python modules (<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*.py</span></code>,

  198. <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*.pyc</span></code>) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not

  199. needed to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a> module explicitly; it is automatically used

  200. by the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#import"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a> mechanism for <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> items that are paths

  201. to ZIP archives.</p>

  202. <p>Typically, <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> is a list of directory names as strings.  This module

  203. also allows an item of <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> to be a string naming a ZIP file archive.

  204. The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports,

  205. and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a

  206. subdirectory.  For example, the path <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example.zip/lib/</span></code> would only

  207. import from the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/</span></code> subdirectory within the archive.</p>

  208. <p>Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but importers are only invoked for

  209. <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files.  ZIP import of dynamic modules

  210. (<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyd</span></code>, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.so</span></code>) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains

  211. <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the

  212. corresponding <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> file, meaning that if a ZIP archive

  213. doesn’t contain <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, importing may be rather slow.</p>

  214. <div class="versionchanged">

  215. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Previously, ZIP archives with an archive comment were not supported.</p>

  216. </div>

  217. <div class="admonition seealso">

  218. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  219. <dl class="simple">

  220. <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT">PKZIP Application Note</a></dt><dd><p>Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and

  221. algorithms used.</p>

  222. </dd>

  223. <dt><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0273/"><strong>PEP 273</strong></a> - Import Modules from Zip Archives</dt><dd><p>Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3

  224. follows the specification in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0273/"><strong>PEP 273</strong></a>, but uses an implementation written by Just

  225. van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0302/"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a>.</p>

  226. </dd>

  227. <dt><a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#module-importlib" title="importlib: The implementation of the import machinery."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib</span></code></a> - The implementation of the import machinery</dt><dd><p>Package providing the relevant protocols for all importers to

  228. implement.</p>

  229. </dd>

  230. </dl>

  231. </div>

  232. <p>This module defines an exception:</p>

  233. <dl class="py exception">

  234. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.ZipImportError">

  235. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">zipimport.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  236. <dd><p>Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It’s a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a>,

  237. so it can be caught as <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a>, too.</p>

  238. </dd></dl>

  239. 

  240. <section id="zipimporter-objects">

  241. <span id="id1"></span><h2>zipimporter Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#zipimporter-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  242. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter" title="zipimport.zipimporter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimporter</span></code></a> is the class for importing ZIP files.</p>

  243. <dl class="py class">

  244. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter">

  245. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">zipimport.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">zipimporter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">archivepath</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  246. <dd><p>Create a new zipimporter instance. <em>archivepath</em> must be a path to a ZIP

  247. file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file.  For example, an <em>archivepath</em>

  248. of <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo/bar.zip/lib</span></code> will look for modules in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib</span></code> directory

  249. inside the ZIP file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo/bar.zip</span></code> (provided that it exists).</p>

  250. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> is raised if <em>archivepath</em> doesn’t point to a valid ZIP

  251. archive.</p>

  252. <div class="versionchanged">

  253. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>Methods <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find_loader()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find_module()</span></code>, deprecated in 3.10 are

  254. now removed.  Use <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec" title="zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find_spec()</span></code></a> instead.</p>

  255. </div>

  256. <dl class="py method">

  257. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.create_module">

  258. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_module</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">spec</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.create_module" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  259. <dd><p>Implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.create_module" title="importlib.abc.Loader.create_module"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.abc.Loader.create_module()</span></code></a> that returns

  260. <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> to explicitly request the default semantics.</p>

  261. <div class="versionadded">

  262. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.10.</span></p>

  263. </div>

  264. </dd></dl>

  265. 

  266. <dl class="py method">

  267. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module">

  268. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">exec_module</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">module</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  269. <dd><p>Implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module" title="importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module()</span></code></a>.</p>

  270. <div class="versionadded">

  271. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.10.</span></p>

  272. </div>

  273. </dd></dl>

  274. 

  275. <dl class="py method">

  276. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec">

  277. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">find_spec</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">target</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  278. <dd><p>An implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec" title="importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec()</span></code></a>.</p>

  279. <div class="versionadded">

  280. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.10.</span></p>

  281. </div>

  282. </dd></dl>

  283. 

  284. <dl class="py method">

  285. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_code">

  286. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_code</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_code" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  287. <dd><p>Return the code object for the specified module. Raise

  288. <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> if the module couldn’t be imported.</p>

  289. </dd></dl>

  290. 

  291. <dl class="py method">

  292. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_data">

  293. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_data</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pathname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_data" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  294. <dd><p>Return the data associated with <em>pathname</em>. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> if the

  295. file wasn’t found.</p>

  296. <div class="versionchanged">

  297. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#IOError" title="IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a> used to be raised, it is now an alias of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</p>

  298. </div>

  299. </dd></dl>

  300. 

  301. <dl class="py method">

  302. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_filename">

  303. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_filename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_filename" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  304. <dd><p>Return the value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__file__</span></code> would be set to if the specified module

  305. was imported. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> if the module couldn’t be

  306. imported.</p>

  307. <div class="versionadded">

  308. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.1.</span></p>

  309. </div>

  310. </dd></dl>

  311. 

  312. <dl class="py method">

  313. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_source">

  314. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_source</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_source" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  315. <dd><p>Return the source code for the specified module. Raise

  316. <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> if the module couldn’t be found, return

  317. <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> if the archive does contain the module, but has no source

  318. for it.</p>

  319. </dd></dl>

  320. 

  321. <dl class="py method">

  322. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.is_package">

  323. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_package</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.is_package" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  324. <dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the module specified by <em>fullname</em> is a package. Raise

  325. <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> if the module couldn’t be found.</p>

  326. </dd></dl>

  327. 

  328. <dl class="py method">

  329. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.load_module">

  330. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">load_module</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.load_module" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  331. <dd><p>Load the module specified by <em>fullname</em>. <em>fullname</em> must be the fully

  332. qualified (dotted) module name. Returns the imported module on success,

  333. raises <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> on failure.</p>

  334. <div class="deprecated">

  335. <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.10: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module" title="zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec_module()</span></code></a> instead.</p>

  336. </div>

  337. </dd></dl>

  338. 

  339. <dl class="py method">

  340. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.invalidate_caches">

  341. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">invalidate_caches</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.invalidate_caches" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  342. <dd><p>Clear out the internal cache of information about files found within

  343. the ZIP archive.</p>

  344. <div class="versionadded">

  345. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.10.</span></p>

  346. </div>

  347. </dd></dl>

  348. 

  349. <dl class="py attribute">

  350. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.archive">

  351. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">archive</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.archive" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  352. <dd><p>The file name of the importer’s associated ZIP file, without a possible

  353. subpath.</p>

  354. </dd></dl>

  355. 

  356. <dl class="py attribute">

  357. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="zipimport.zipimporter.prefix">

  358. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">prefix</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.prefix" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  359. <dd><p>The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched.  This is the

  360. empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP

  361. file.</p>

  362. </dd></dl>

  363. 

  364. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.archive" title="zipimport.zipimporter.archive"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">archive</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.prefix" title="zipimport.zipimporter.prefix"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prefix</span></code></a> attributes, when combined with a

  365. slash, equal the original <em>archivepath</em> argument given to the

  366. <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter" title="zipimport.zipimporter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimporter</span></code></a> constructor.</p>

  367. </dd></dl>

  368. 

  369. </section>

  370. <section id="examples">

  371. <span id="zipimport-examples"></span><h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  372. <p>Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the

  373. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a> module is not explicitly used.</p>

  374. <div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>unzip<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>example.zip

  375. <span class="go">Archive:  example.zip</span>

  376. <span class="go">  Length     Date   Time    Name</span>

  377. <span class="go"> --------    ----   ----    ----</span>

  378. <span class="go">     8467  11-26-02 22:30   jwzthreading.py</span>

  379. <span class="go"> --------                   -------</span>

  380. <span class="go">     8467                   1 file</span>

  381. <span class="gp">$ </span>./python

  382. <span class="go">Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)</span>

  383. <span class="go">&gt;&gt;&gt; import sys</span>

  384. <span class="go">&gt;&gt;&gt; sys.path.insert(0, &#39;example.zip&#39;)  # Add .zip file to front of path</span>

  385. <span class="go">&gt;&gt;&gt; import jwzthreading</span>

  386. <span class="go">&gt;&gt;&gt; jwzthreading.__file__</span>

  387. <span class="go">&#39;example.zip/jwzthreading.py&#39;</span>

  388. </pre></div>

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