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  198.   <section id="high-level-api-index">

  199. <h1>High-level API Index<a class="headerlink" href="#high-level-api-index" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  200. <p>This page lists all high-level async/await enabled asyncio APIs.</p>

  201. <section id="tasks">

  202. <h2>Tasks<a class="headerlink" href="#tasks" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  203. <p>Utilities to run asyncio programs, create Tasks, and

  204. await on multiple things with timeouts.</p>

  205. <table class="full-width-table docutils align-default">

  206. <colgroup>

  207. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  208. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  209. </colgroup>

  210. <tbody>

  211. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-runner.html#asyncio.run" title="asyncio.run"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run()</span></code></a></p></td>

  212. <td><p>Create event loop, run a coroutine, close the loop.</p></td>

  213. </tr>

  214. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-runner.html#asyncio.Runner" title="asyncio.Runner"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Runner</span></code></a></p></td>

  215. <td><p>A context manager that simplifies multiple async function calls.</p></td>

  216. </tr>

  217. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task</span></code></a></p></td>

  218. <td><p>Task object.</p></td>

  219. </tr>

  220. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.TaskGroup" title="asyncio.TaskGroup"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TaskGroup</span></code></a></p></td>

  221. <td><p>A context manager that holds a group of tasks. Provides

  222. a convenient and reliable way to wait for all tasks in the group to

  223. finish.</p></td>

  224. </tr>

  225. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.create_task" title="asyncio.create_task"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_task()</span></code></a></p></td>

  226. <td><p>Start an asyncio Task, then returns it.</p></td>

  227. </tr>

  228. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.current_task" title="asyncio.current_task"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">current_task()</span></code></a></p></td>

  229. <td><p>Return the current Task.</p></td>

  230. </tr>

  231. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.all_tasks" title="asyncio.all_tasks"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all_tasks()</span></code></a></p></td>

  232. <td><p>Return all tasks that are not yet finished for an event loop.</p></td>

  233. </tr>

  234. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.sleep" title="asyncio.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sleep()</span></code></a></p></td>

  235. <td><p>Sleep for a number of seconds.</p></td>

  236. </tr>

  237. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.gather" title="asyncio.gather"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gather()</span></code></a></p></td>

  238. <td><p>Schedule and wait for things concurrently.</p></td>

  239. </tr>

  240. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.wait_for" title="asyncio.wait_for"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_for()</span></code></a></p></td>

  241. <td><p>Run with a timeout.</p></td>

  242. </tr>

  243. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.shield" title="asyncio.shield"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shield()</span></code></a></p></td>

  244. <td><p>Shield from cancellation.</p></td>

  245. </tr>

  246. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.wait" title="asyncio.wait"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait()</span></code></a></p></td>

  247. <td><p>Monitor for completion.</p></td>

  248. </tr>

  249. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.timeout" title="asyncio.timeout"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timeout()</span></code></a></p></td>

  250. <td><p>Run with a timeout. Useful in cases when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_for</span></code> is not suitable.</p></td>

  251. </tr>

  252. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.to_thread" title="asyncio.to_thread"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">to_thread()</span></code></a></p></td>

  253. <td><p>Asynchronously run a function in a separate OS thread.</p></td>

  254. </tr>

  255. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe" title="asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run_coroutine_threadsafe()</span></code></a></p></td>

  256. <td><p>Schedule a coroutine from another OS thread.</p></td>

  257. </tr>

  258. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">in</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.as_completed" title="asyncio.as_completed"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_completed()</span></code></a></p></td>

  259. <td><p>Monitor for completion with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span></code> loop.</p></td>

  260. </tr>

  261. </tbody>

  262. </table>

  263. <p class="rubric">Examples</p>

  264. <ul class="simple">

  265. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-gather"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.gather() to run things in parallel</span></a>.</p></li>

  266. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-waitfor"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.wait_for() to enforce a timeout</span></a>.</p></li>

  267. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-task-cancel"><span class="std std-ref">Cancellation</span></a>.</p></li>

  268. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-sleep"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.sleep()</span></a>.</p></li>

  269. <li><p>See also the main <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span class="std std-ref">Tasks documentation page</span></a>.</p></li>

  270. </ul>

  271. </section>

  272. <section id="queues">

  273. <h2>Queues<a class="headerlink" href="#queues" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  274. <p>Queues should be used to distribute work amongst multiple asyncio Tasks,

  275. implement connection pools, and pub/sub patterns.</p>

  276. <table class="full-width-table docutils align-default">

  277. <colgroup>

  278. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  279. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  280. </colgroup>

  281. <tbody>

  282. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio.Queue" title="asyncio.Queue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Queue</span></code></a></p></td>

  283. <td><p>A FIFO queue.</p></td>

  284. </tr>

  285. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio.PriorityQueue" title="asyncio.PriorityQueue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PriorityQueue</span></code></a></p></td>

  286. <td><p>A priority queue.</p></td>

  287. </tr>

  288. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio.LifoQueue" title="asyncio.LifoQueue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LifoQueue</span></code></a></p></td>

  289. <td><p>A LIFO queue.</p></td>

  290. </tr>

  291. </tbody>

  292. </table>

  293. <p class="rubric">Examples</p>

  294. <ul class="simple">

  295. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio-example-queue-dist"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.Queue to distribute workload between several

  296. Tasks</span></a>.</p></li>

  297. <li><p>See also the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio-queues"><span class="std std-ref">Queues documentation page</span></a>.</p></li>

  298. </ul>

  299. </section>

  300. <section id="subprocesses">

  301. <h2>Subprocesses<a class="headerlink" href="#subprocesses" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  302. <p>Utilities to spawn subprocesses and run shell commands.</p>

  303. <table class="full-width-table docutils align-default">

  304. <colgroup>

  305. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  306. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  307. </colgroup>

  308. <tbody>

  309. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio.create_subprocess_exec" title="asyncio.create_subprocess_exec"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_subprocess_exec()</span></code></a></p></td>

  310. <td><p>Create a subprocess.</p></td>

  311. </tr>

  312. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio.create_subprocess_shell" title="asyncio.create_subprocess_shell"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_subprocess_shell()</span></code></a></p></td>

  313. <td><p>Run a shell command.</p></td>

  314. </tr>

  315. </tbody>

  316. </table>

  317. <p class="rubric">Examples</p>

  318. <ul class="simple">

  319. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio-example-subprocess-shell"><span class="std std-ref">Executing a shell command</span></a>.</p></li>

  320. <li><p>See also the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio-subprocess"><span class="std std-ref">subprocess APIs</span></a>

  321. documentation.</p></li>

  322. </ul>

  323. </section>

  324. <section id="streams">

  325. <h2>Streams<a class="headerlink" href="#streams" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  326. <p>High-level APIs to work with network IO.</p>

  327. <table class="full-width-table docutils align-default">

  328. <colgroup>

  329. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  330. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  331. </colgroup>

  332. <tbody>

  333. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_connection" title="asyncio.open_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_connection()</span></code></a></p></td>

  334. <td><p>Establish a TCP connection.</p></td>

  335. </tr>

  336. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_unix_connection" title="asyncio.open_unix_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_unix_connection()</span></code></a></p></td>

  337. <td><p>Establish a Unix socket connection.</p></td>

  338. </tr>

  339. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_server" title="asyncio.start_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_server()</span></code></a></p></td>

  340. <td><p>Start a TCP server.</p></td>

  341. </tr>

  342. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_unix_server" title="asyncio.start_unix_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_unix_server()</span></code></a></p></td>

  343. <td><p>Start a Unix socket server.</p></td>

  344. </tr>

  345. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamReader" title="asyncio.StreamReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamReader</span></code></a></p></td>

  346. <td><p>High-level async/await object to receive network data.</p></td>

  347. </tr>

  348. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamWriter" title="asyncio.StreamWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamWriter</span></code></a></p></td>

  349. <td><p>High-level async/await object to send network data.</p></td>

  350. </tr>

  351. </tbody>

  352. </table>

  353. <p class="rubric">Examples</p>

  354. <ul class="simple">

  355. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio-example-stream"><span class="std std-ref">Example TCP client</span></a>.</p></li>

  356. <li><p>See also the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio-streams"><span class="std std-ref">streams APIs</span></a>

  357. documentation.</p></li>

  358. </ul>

  359. </section>

  360. <section id="synchronization">

  361. <h2>Synchronization<a class="headerlink" href="#synchronization" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  362. <p>Threading-like synchronization primitives that can be used in Tasks.</p>

  363. <table class="full-width-table docutils align-default">

  364. <colgroup>

  365. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  366. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  367. </colgroup>

  368. <tbody>

  369. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Lock" title="asyncio.Lock"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lock</span></code></a></p></td>

  370. <td><p>A mutex lock.</p></td>

  371. </tr>

  372. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Event" title="asyncio.Event"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Event</span></code></a></p></td>

  373. <td><p>An event object.</p></td>

  374. </tr>

  375. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Condition" title="asyncio.Condition"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Condition</span></code></a></p></td>

  376. <td><p>A condition object.</p></td>

  377. </tr>

  378. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Semaphore" title="asyncio.Semaphore"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Semaphore</span></code></a></p></td>

  379. <td><p>A semaphore.</p></td>

  380. </tr>

  381. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.BoundedSemaphore" title="asyncio.BoundedSemaphore"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BoundedSemaphore</span></code></a></p></td>

  382. <td><p>A bounded semaphore.</p></td>

  383. </tr>

  384. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Barrier" title="asyncio.Barrier"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Barrier</span></code></a></p></td>

  385. <td><p>A barrier object.</p></td>

  386. </tr>

  387. </tbody>

  388. </table>

  389. <p class="rubric">Examples</p>

  390. <ul class="simple">

  391. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio-example-sync-event"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.Event</span></a>.</p></li>

  392. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio-example-barrier"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.Barrier</span></a>.</p></li>

  393. <li><p>See also the documentation of asyncio

  394. <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio-sync"><span class="std std-ref">synchronization primitives</span></a>.</p></li>

  395. </ul>

  396. </section>

  397. <section id="exceptions">

  398. <h2>Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#exceptions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  399. <table class="full-width-table docutils align-default">

  400. <colgroup>

  401. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  402. <col style="width: 50.0%" />

  403. </colgroup>

  404. <tbody>

  405. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-exceptions.html#asyncio.CancelledError" title="asyncio.CancelledError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.CancelledError</span></code></a></p></td>

  406. <td><p>Raised when a Task is cancelled. See also <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task.cancel" title="asyncio.Task.cancel"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task.cancel()</span></code></a>.</p></td>

  407. </tr>

  408. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.BrokenBarrierError" title="asyncio.BrokenBarrierError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.BrokenBarrierError</span></code></a></p></td>

  409. <td><p>Raised when a Barrier is broken. See also <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Barrier.wait" title="asyncio.Barrier.wait"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Barrier.wait()</span></code></a>.</p></td>

  410. </tr>

  411. </tbody>

  412. </table>

  413. <p class="rubric">Examples</p>

  414. <ul class="simple">

  415. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-task-cancel"><span class="std std-ref">Handling CancelledError to run code on cancellation request</span></a>.</p></li>

  416. <li><p>See also the full list of

  417. <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-exceptions.html#asyncio-exceptions"><span class="std std-ref">asyncio-specific exceptions</span></a>.</p></li>

  418. </ul>

  419. </section>

  420. </section>

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