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  1. GNU Free Documentation License
  2. Version 1.1, March 2000
  3. Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
  4. Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
  5. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
  6. document, but changing it is not allowed.
  7. 0. PREAMBLE
  8. The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written
  9. document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
  10. freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
  11. commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
  12. author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
  13. responsible for modifications made by others.
  14. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
  15. the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
  16. GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
  17. software.
  18. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
  19. because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
  20. with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this
  21. License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual
  22. work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed
  23. book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
  24. or reference.
  25. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  26. This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed
  27. by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this
  28. License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
  29. of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
  30. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
  31. or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated
  32. into another language.
  33. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
  34. Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
  35. authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters)
  36. and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
  37. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary
  38. Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter
  39. of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
  40. commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
  41. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated,
  42. as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document
  43. is released under this License.
  44. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
  45. Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released
  46. under this License.
  47. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
  48. in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose
  49. contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic
  50. text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or
  51. (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable
  52. for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
  53. formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
  54. Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
  55. subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
  56. "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
  57. Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
  58. markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
  59. available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
  60. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read
  61. and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the
  62. DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
  63. HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
  64. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
  65. following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
  66. requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
  67. any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
  68. appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
  69. text.
  70. 2. VERBATIM COPYING
  71. You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
  72. or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
  73. the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
  74. in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of
  75. this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
  76. reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
  77. you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large
  78. enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  79. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
  80. may publicly display copies.
  81. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
  82. If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and
  83. the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies
  84. in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover
  85. Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers
  86. must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.
  87. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally
  88. prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
  89. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title
  90. of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
  91. in other respects.
  92. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
  93. you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
  94. cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
  95. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
  96. than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
  97. with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
  98. computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document,
  99. free of added material, which the general network-using public has access
  100. to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols.
  101. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when
  102. you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
  103. copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
  104. year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
  105. your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
  106. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
  107. well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
  108. to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  109. 4. MODIFICATIONS
  110. You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions
  111. of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version
  112. under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of
  113. the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified
  114. Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
  115. things in the Modified Version:
  116. A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
  117. that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
  118. there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
  119. use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
  120. version gives permission.
  121. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
  122. for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with
  123. at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
  124. authors, if it has less than five).
  125. C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
  126. as the publisher.
  127. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  128. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
  129. the other copyright notices.
  130. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
  131. the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
  132. License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  133. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
  134. required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
  135. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  136. I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an
  137. item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified
  138. Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History"
  139. in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
  140. of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
  141. Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  142. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
  143. access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
  144. given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be
  145. placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
  146. that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
  147. original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  148. K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the
  149. section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
  150. each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
  151. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
  152. text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
  153. part of the section titles.
  154. M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included
  155. in the Modified Version.
  156. N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in
  157. title with any Invariant Section.
  158. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
  159. qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
  160. you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.
  161. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
  162. Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
  163. titles.
  164. You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
  165. but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
  166. statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
  167. as the authoritative definition of a standard.
  168. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
  169. of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
  170. in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover
  171. Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If
  172. the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
  173. added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf
  174. of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  175. permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
  176. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
  177. permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement
  178. of any Modified Version.
  179. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  180. You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
  181. under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
  182. that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
  183. the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
  184. of your combined work in its license notice.
  185. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
  186. identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
  187. are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
  188. make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
  189. parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
  190. if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
  191. titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
  192. work.
  193. In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the
  194. various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise
  195. combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled
  196. "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
  197. 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  198. You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
  199. under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
  200. various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided
  201. that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
  202. the documents in all other respects.
  203. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
  204. individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
  205. into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
  206. regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  207. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  208. A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
  209. documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium,
  210. does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided
  211. no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation
  212. is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other self-contained
  213. works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled,
  214. if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
  215. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
  216. the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
  217. aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
  218. only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers
  219. around the whole aggregate.
  220. 8. TRANSLATION
  221. Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
  222. of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections
  223. with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders,
  224. but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
  225. to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation
  226. of this License provided that you also include the original English version
  227. of this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
  228. original English version of this License, the original English version will
  229. prevail.
  230. 9. TERMINATION
  231. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
  232. expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
  233. sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate
  234. your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
  235. or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
  236. so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
  237. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  238. The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
  239. Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar
  240. in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
  241. problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
  242. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
  243. Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or
  244. any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
  245. and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that
  246. has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
  247. Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
  248. any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  249. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
  250. To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
  251. License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
  252. just after the title page:
  253. Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
  254. modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
  255. Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  256. with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES , with the Front-Cover
  257. Texts being LIST , and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST . A copy of the
  258. license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
  259. If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead
  260. of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write
  261. "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
  262. for Back-Cover Texts.
  263. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
  264. releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license,
  265. such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
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