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The LaTeX Project Public License

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LPPL Version 1.3c 2008-05-04

Copyright 1999 2002-2008 LaTeX3 Project

Everyone is allowed to distribute verbatim copies of this license document,
but modification of it is not allowed.

PREAMBLE

========

The LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) is the primary license under which
the LaTeX kernel and the base LaTeX packages are distributed.

You may use this license for any work of which you hold the copyright and
which you wish to distribute. This license may be particularly suitable if
your work is TeX-related (such as a LaTeX package), but it is written in such
a way that you can use it even if your work is unrelated to TeX.

The section `WHETHER AND HOW TO DISTRIBUTE WORKS UNDER THIS LICENSE', below,
gives instructions, examples, and recommendations for authors who are considering
distributing their works under this license.

This license gives conditions under which a work may be distributed and modified,
as well as conditions under which modified versions of that work may be distributed.

We, the LaTeX3 Project, believe that the conditions below give you the freedom
to make and distribute modified versions of your work that conform with whatever
technical specifications you wish while maintaining the availability, integrity,
and reliability of that work. If you do not see how to achieve your goal while
meeting these conditions, then read the document `cfgguide.tex' and `modguide.tex'
in the base LaTeX distribution for suggestions.

DEFINITIONS

===========

In this license document the following terms are used:

`Work' Any work being distributed under this License. `Derived Work' Any work
that under any applicable law is derived from the Work.

`Modification' Any procedure that produces a Derived Work under any applicable
law -- for example, the production of a file containing an original file associated
with the Work or a significant portion of such a file, either verbatim or
with modifications and/or translated into another language.

`Modify' To apply any procedure that produces a Derived Work under any applicable
law. `Distribution' Making copies of the Work available from one person to
another, in whole or in part. Distribution includes (but is not limited to)
making any electronic components of the Work accessible by file transfer protocols
such as FTP or HTTP or by shared file systems such as Sun's Network File System
(NFS).

`Compiled Work' A version of the Work that has been processed into a form
where it is directly usable on a computer system. This processing may include
using installation facilities provided by the Work, transformations of the
Work, copying of components of the Work, or other activities. Note that modification
of any installation facilities provided by the Work constitutes modification
of the Work.

`Current Maintainer' A person or persons nominated as such within the Work.
If there is no such explicit nomination then it is the `Copyright Holder'
under any applicable law.

`Base Interpreter' A program or process that is normally needed for running
or interpreting a part or the whole of the Work.

A Base Interpreter may depend on external components but these are not considered
part of the Base Interpreter provided that each external component clearly
identifies itself whenever it is used interactively. Unless explicitly specified
when applying the license to the Work, the only applicable Base Interpreter
is a `LaTeX-Format' or in the case of files belonging to the `LaTeX-format'
a program implementing the `TeX language'.

CONDITIONS ON DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

===========================================

1. Activities other than distribution and/or modification of the Work are
not covered by this license; they are outside its scope. In particular, the
act of running the Work is not restricted and no requirements are made concerning
any offers of support for the Work.

2. You may distribute a complete, unmodified copy of the Work as you received
it. Distribution of only part of the Work is considered modification of the
Work, and no right to distribute such a Derived Work may be assumed under
the terms of this clause.

3. You may distribute a Compiled Work that has been generated from a complete,
unmodified copy of the Work as distributed under Clause 2 above, as long as
that Compiled Work is distributed in such a way that the recipients may install
the Compiled Work on their system exactly as it would have been installed
if they generated a Compiled Work directly from the Work.

4. If you are the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may, without restriction,
modify the Work, thus creating a Derived Work. You may also distribute the
Derived Work without restriction, including Compiled Works generated from
the Derived Work. Derived Works distributed in this manner by the Current
Maintainer are considered to be updated versions of the Work.

5. If you are not the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may modify your
copy of the Work, thus creating a Derived Work based on the Work, and compile
this Derived Work, thus creating a Compiled Work based on the Derived Work.

6. If you are not the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may distribute a
Derived Work provided the following conditions are met for every component
of the Work unless that component clearly states in the copyright notice that
it is exempt from that condition. Only the Current Maintainer is allowed to
add such statements of exemption to a component of the Work.

a. If a component of this Derived Work can be a direct replacement for a component
of the Work when that component is used with the Base Interpreter, then, wherever
this component of the Work identifies itself to the user when used interactively
with that Base Interpreter, the replacement component of this Derived Work
clearly and unambiguously identifies itself as a modified version of this
component to the user when used interactively with that Base Interpreter.

b. Every component of the Derived Work contains prominent notices detailing
the nature of the changes to that component, or a prominent reference to another
file that is distributed as part of the Derived Work and that contains a complete
and accurate log of the changes.

c. No information in the Derived Work implies that any persons, including
(but not limited to) the authors of the original version of the Work, provide
any support, including (but not limited to) the reporting and handling of
errors, to recipients of the Derived Work unless those persons have stated
explicitly that they do provide such support for the Derived Work.

      d. You distribute at least one of the following with the Derived Work:

1. A complete, unmodified copy of the Work; if your distribution of a modified
component is made by offering access to copy the modified component from a
designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the Work from the
same or some similar place meets this condition, even though third parties
are not compelled to copy the Work along with the modified component;

2. Information that is sufficient to obtain a complete, unmodified copy of
the Work.

7. If you are not the Current Maintainer of the Work, you may distribute a
Compiled Work generated from a Derived Work, as long as the Derived Work is
distributed to all recipients of the Compiled Work, and as long as the conditions
of Clause 6, above, are met with regard to the Derived Work.

8. The conditions above are not intended to prohibit, and hence do not apply
to, the modification, by any method, of any component so that it becomes identical
to an updated version of that component of the Work as it is distributed by
the Current Maintainer under Clause 4, above.

9. Distribution of the Work or any Derived Work in an alternative format,
where the Work or that Derived Work (in whole or in part) is then produced
by applying some process to that format, does not relax or nullify any sections
of this license as they pertain to the results of applying that process.

   10.

a. A Derived Work may be distributed under a different license provided that
license itself honors the conditions listed in Clause 6 above, in regard to
the Work, though it does not have to honor the rest of the conditions in this
license.

b. If a Derived Work is distributed under a different license, that Derived
Work must provide sufficient documentation as part of itself to allow each
recipient of that Derived Work to honor the restrictions in Clause 6 above,
concerning changes from the Work.

11. This license places no restrictions on works that are unrelated to the
Work, nor does this license place any restrictions on aggregating such works
with the Work by any means.

12. Nothing in this license is intended to, or may be used to, prevent complete
compliance by all parties with all applicable laws.

NO WARRANTY

===========

There is no warranty for the Work. Except when otherwise stated in writing,
the Copyright Holder provides the Work `as is', without warranty of any kind,
either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as
to the quality and performance of the Work is with you. Should the Work prove
defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction.

In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing will
The Copyright Holder, or any author named in the components of the Work, or
any other party who may distribute and/or modify the Work as permitted above,
be liable to you for damages, including any general, special, incidental or
consequential damages arising out of any use of the Work or out of inability
to use the Work (including, but not limited to, loss of data, data being rendered
inaccurate, or losses sustained by anyone as a result of any failure of the
Work to operate with any other programs), even if the Copyright Holder or
said author or said other party has been advised of the possibility of such
damages.

MAINTENANCE OF THE WORK

=======================

The Work has the status `author-maintained' if the Copyright Holder explicitly
and prominently states near the primary copyright notice in the Work that
the Work can only be maintained by the Copyright Holder or simply that it
is `author-maintained'.

The Work has the status `maintained' if there is a Current Maintainer who
has indicated in the Work that they are willing to receive error reports for
the Work (for example, by supplying a valid e-mail address). It is not required
for the Current Maintainer to acknowledge or act upon these error reports.

The Work changes from status `maintained' to `unmaintained' if there is no
Current Maintainer, or the person stated to be Current Maintainer of the work
cannot be reached through the indicated means of communication for a period
of six months, and there are no other significant signs of active maintenance.

You can become the Current Maintainer of the Work by agreement with any existing
Current Maintainer to take over this role.

If the Work is unmaintained, you can become the Current Maintainer of the
Work through the following steps:

1. Make a reasonable attempt to trace the Current Maintainer (and the Copyright
Holder, if the two differ) through the means of an Internet or similar search.

2. If this search is successful, then enquire whether the Work is still maintained.

a. If it is being maintained, then ask the Current Maintainer to update their
communication data within one month.

b. If the search is unsuccessful or no action to resume active maintenance
is taken by the Current Maintainer, then announce within the pertinent community
your intention to take over maintenance. (If the Work is a LaTeX work, this
could be done, for example, by posting to comp.text.tex.)

3a. If the Current Maintainer is reachable and agrees to pass maintenance
of the Work to you, then this takes effect immediately upon announcement.

b. If the Current Maintainer is not reachable and the Copyright Holder agrees
that maintenance of the Work be passed to you, then this takes effect immediately
upon announcement.

4. If you make an `intention announcement' as described in 2b. above and after
three months your intention is challenged neither by the Current Maintainer
nor by the Copyright Holder nor by other people, then you may arrange for
the Work to be changed so as to name you as the (new) Current Maintainer.

5. If the previously unreachable Current Maintainer becomes reachable once
more within three months of a change completed under the terms of 3b) or 4),
then that Current Maintainer must become or remain the Current Maintainer
upon request provided they then update their communication data within one
month.

A change in the Current Maintainer does not, of itself, alter the fact that
the Work is distributed under the LPPL license.

If you become the Current Maintainer of the Work, you should immediately provide,
within the Work, a prominent and unambiguous statement of your status as Current
Maintainer. You should also announce your new status to the same pertinent
community as in 2b) above.

WHETHER AND HOW TO DISTRIBUTE WORKS UNDER THIS LICENSE

======================================================

This section contains important instructions, examples, and recommendations
for authors who are considering distributing their works under this license.
These authors are addressed as `you' in this section.

Choosing This License or Another License

----------------------------------------

If for any part of your work you want or need to use *distribution* conditions
that differ significantly from those in this license, then do not refer to
this license anywhere in your work but, instead, distribute your work under
a different license. You may use the text of this license as a model for your
own license, but your license should not refer to the LPPL or otherwise give
the impression that your work is distributed under the LPPL.

The document `modguide.tex' in the base LaTeX distribution explains the motivation
behind the conditions of this license. It explains, for example, why distributing
LaTeX under the GNU General Public License (GPL) was considered inappropriate.
Even if your work is unrelated to LaTeX, the discussion in `modguide.tex'
may still be relevant, and authors intending to distribute their works under
any license are encouraged to read it.

A Recommendation on Modification Without Distribution

-----------------------------------------------------

It is wise never to modify a component of the Work, even for your own personal
use, without also meeting the above conditions for distributing the modified
component. While you might intend that such modifications will never be distributed,
often this will happen by accident -- you may forget that you have modified
that component; or it may not occur to you when allowing others to access
the modified version that you are thus distributing it and violating the conditions
of this license in ways that could have legal implications and, worse, cause
problems for the community. It is therefore usually in your best interest
to keep your copy of the Work identical with the public one. Many works provide
ways to control the behavior of that work without altering any of its licensed
components.

How to Use This License

-----------------------

To use this license, place in each of the components of your work both an
explicit copyright notice including your name and the year the work was authored
and/or last substantially modified. Include also a statement that the distribution
and/or modification of that component is constrained by the conditions in
this license.

Here is an example of such a notice and statement:

%% pig.dtx

%% Copyright 2005 M. Y. Name

%

% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the

% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3

% of this license or (at your option) any later version.

% The latest version of this license is in

% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt

% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX

% version 2005/12/01 or later.

%

% This work has the LPPL maintenance status " maintained ".

%

% The Current Maintainer of this work is M. Y. Name .

%

% This work consists of the files pig.dtx and pig.ins

% and the derived file pig.sty .

Given such a notice and statement in a file, the conditions given in this
license document would apply, with the `Work' referring to the three files
`pig.dtx', `pig.ins', and `pig.sty' (the last being generated from `pig.dtx'
using `pig.ins'), the `Base Interpreter' referring to any `LaTeX-Format',
and both `Copyright Holder' and `Current Maintainer' referring to the person
`M. Y. Name'.

If you do not want the Maintenance section of LPPL to apply to your Work,
change `maintained' above into `author-maintained'. However, we recommend
that you use `maintained', as the Maintenance section was added in order to
ensure that your Work remains useful to the community even when you can no
longer maintain and support it yourself.

Derived Works That Are Not Replacements

---------------------------------------

Several clauses of the LPPL specify means to provide reliability and stability
for the user community. They therefore concern themselves with the case that
a Derived Work is intended to be used as a (compatible or incompatible) replacement
of the original Work. If this is not the case (e.g., if a few lines of code
are reused for a completely different task), then clauses 6b and 6d shall
not apply.

Important Recommendations

-------------------------

Defining What Constitutes the Work

The LPPL requires that distributions of the Work contain all the files of
the Work. It is therefore important that you provide a way for the licensee
to determine which files constitute the Work. This could, for example, be
achieved by explicitly listing all the files of the Work near the copyright
notice of each file or by using a line such as:

% This work consists of all files listed in manifest.txt.

in that place. In the absence of an unequivocal list it might be impossible
for the licensee to determine what is considered by you to comprise the Work
and, in such a case, the licensee would be entitled to make reasonable conjectures
as to which files comprise the Work.