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  181.   <section id="full-grammar-specification">

  182. <span id="id1"></span><h1><span class="section-number">10. </span>Full Grammar specification<a class="headerlink" href="#full-grammar-specification" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  183. <p>This is the full Python grammar, derived directly from the grammar

  184. used to generate the CPython parser (see <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Grammar/python.gram">Grammar/python.gram</a>).

  185. The version here omits details related to code generation and

  186. error recovery.</p>

  187. <p>The notation is a mixture of <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form">EBNF</a>

  188. and <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing_expression_grammar">PEG</a>.

  189. In particular, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;</span></code> followed by a symbol, token or parenthesized

  190. group indicates a positive lookahead (i.e., is required to match but

  191. not consumed), while <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">!</span></code> indicates a negative lookahead (i.e., is

  192. required <em>not</em> to match).  We use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">|</span></code> separator to mean PEG’s

  193. “ordered choice” (written as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> in traditional PEG grammars). See

  194. <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0617/"><strong>PEP 617</strong></a> for more details on the grammar’s syntax.</p>

  195. <div class="highlight-peg notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c c-Singleline"># PEG grammar for Python</span>

  196. 

  197. 

  198. 

  199. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ========================= START OF THE GRAMMAR =========================</span>

  200. 

  201. <span class="c c-Singleline"># General grammatical elements and rules:</span>

  202. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  203. <span class="c c-Singleline"># * Strings with double quotes (&quot;) denote SOFT KEYWORDS</span>

  204. <span class="c c-Singleline"># * Strings with single quotes (&#39;) denote KEYWORDS</span>

  205. <span class="c c-Singleline"># * Upper case names (NAME) denote tokens in the Grammar/Tokens file</span>

  206. <span class="c c-Singleline"># * Rule names starting with &quot;invalid_&quot; are used for specialized syntax errors</span>

  207. <span class="c c-Singleline">#     - These rules are NOT used in the first pass of the parser.</span>

  208. <span class="c c-Singleline">#     - Only if the first pass fails to parse, a second pass including the invalid</span>

  209. <span class="c c-Singleline">#       rules will be executed.</span>

  210. <span class="c c-Singleline">#     - If the parser fails in the second phase with a generic syntax error, the</span>

  211. <span class="c c-Singleline">#       location of the generic failure of the first pass will be used (this avoids</span>

  212. <span class="c c-Singleline">#       reporting incorrect locations due to the invalid rules).</span>

  213. <span class="c c-Singleline">#     - The order of the alternatives involving invalid rules matter</span>

  214. <span class="c c-Singleline">#       (like any rule in PEG).</span>

  215. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  216. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Grammar Syntax (see PEP 617 for more information):</span>

  217. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  218. <span class="c c-Singleline"># rule_name: expression</span>

  219. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Optionally, a type can be included right after the rule name, which</span>

  220. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   specifies the return type of the C or Python function corresponding to the</span>

  221. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   rule:</span>

  222. <span class="c c-Singleline"># rule_name[return_type]: expression</span>

  223. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   If the return type is omitted, then a void * is returned in C and an Any in</span>

  224. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Python.</span>

  225. <span class="c c-Singleline"># e1 e2</span>

  226. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Match e1, then match e2.</span>

  227. <span class="c c-Singleline"># e1 | e2</span>

  228. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Match e1 or e2.</span>

  229. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   The first alternative can also appear on the line after the rule name for</span>

  230. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   formatting purposes. In that case, a | must be used before the first</span>

  231. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   alternative, like so:</span>

  232. <span class="c c-Singleline">#       rule_name[return_type]:</span>

  233. <span class="c c-Singleline">#            | first_alt</span>

  234. <span class="c c-Singleline">#            | second_alt</span>

  235. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ( e )</span>

  236. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Match e (allows also to use other operators in the group like &#39;(e)*&#39;)</span>

  237. <span class="c c-Singleline"># [ e ] or e?</span>

  238. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Optionally match e.</span>

  239. <span class="c c-Singleline"># e*</span>

  240. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Match zero or more occurrences of e.</span>

  241. <span class="c c-Singleline"># e+</span>

  242. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Match one or more occurrences of e.</span>

  243. <span class="c c-Singleline"># s.e+</span>

  244. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Match one or more occurrences of e, separated by s. The generated parse tree</span>

  245. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   does not include the separator. This is otherwise identical to (e (s e)*).</span>

  246. <span class="c c-Singleline"># &amp;e</span>

  247. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Succeed if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.</span>

  248. <span class="c c-Singleline"># !e</span>

  249. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Fail if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.</span>

  250. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ~</span>

  251. <span class="c c-Singleline">#   Commit to the current alternative, even if it fails to parse.</span>

  252. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  253. 

  254. <span class="c c-Singleline"># STARTING RULES</span>

  255. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ==============</span>

  256. 

  257. <span class="nf">file</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">statements</span><span class="p">]</span> ENDMARKER 

  258. <span class="nf">interactive</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">statement_newline</span> 

  259. <span class="nf">eval</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">expressions</span> NEWLINE<span class="o">*</span> ENDMARKER 

  260. <span class="nf">func_type</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">type_expressions</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; &#39;-&gt;&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> NEWLINE<span class="o">*</span> ENDMARKER 

  261. 

  262. <span class="c c-Singleline"># GENERAL STATEMENTS</span>

  263. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ==================</span>

  264. 

  265. <span class="nf">statements</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">statement</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  266. 

  267. <span class="nf">statement</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">compound_stmt</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">simple_stmts</span> 

  268. 

  269. <span class="nf">statement_newline</span><span class="p">:</span>

  270.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">compound_stmt</span> NEWLINE 

  271.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">simple_stmts</span>

  272.     <span class="o">|</span> NEWLINE 

  273.     <span class="o">|</span> ENDMARKER 

  274. 

  275. <span class="nf">simple_stmts</span><span class="p">:</span>

  276.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">simple_stmt</span> !&#39;;&#39; NEWLINE  <span class="c c-Singleline"># Not needed, there for speedup</span>

  277.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;;&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">simple_stmt</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;;&#39;<span class="p">]</span> NEWLINE 

  278. 

  279. <span class="c c-Singleline"># NOTE: assignment MUST precede expression, else parsing a simple assignment</span>

  280. <span class="c c-Singleline"># will throw a SyntaxError.</span>

  281. <span class="nf">simple_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  282.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">assignment</span>

  283.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">type_alias</span>

  284.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expressions</span> 

  285.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">return_stmt</span>

  286.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">import_stmt</span>

  287.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">raise_stmt</span>

  288.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;pass&#39;</span> 

  289.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">del_stmt</span>

  290.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">yield_stmt</span>

  291.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">assert_stmt</span>

  292.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;break&#39;</span> 

  293.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;continue&#39;</span> 

  294.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">global_stmt</span>

  295.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">nonlocal_stmt</span>

  296. 

  297. <span class="nf">compound_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  298.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">function_def</span>

  299.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">if_stmt</span>

  300.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">class_def</span>

  301.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">with_stmt</span>

  302.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">for_stmt</span>

  303.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">try_stmt</span>

  304.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">while_stmt</span>

  305.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">match_stmt</span>

  306. 

  307. <span class="c c-Singleline"># SIMPLE STATEMENTS</span>

  308. <span class="c c-Singleline"># =================</span>

  309. 

  310. <span class="c c-Singleline"># NOTE: annotated_rhs may start with &#39;yield&#39;; yield_expr must start with &#39;yield&#39;</span>

  311. <span class="nf">assignment</span><span class="p">:</span>

  312.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">annotated_rhs</span> <span class="p">]</span> 

  313.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">single_target</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  314.          <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">single_subscript_attribute_target</span><span class="p">)</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">annotated_rhs</span> <span class="p">]</span> 

  315.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">star_targets</span> &#39;=&#39; <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">yield_expr</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expressions</span><span class="p">)</span> !&#39;=&#39; <span class="p">[</span>TYPE_COMMENT<span class="p">]</span> 

  316.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">single_target</span> <span class="nf">augassign</span> ~ <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">yield_expr</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expressions</span><span class="p">)</span> 

  317. 

  318. <span class="nf">annotated_rhs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">yield_expr</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expressions</span>

  319. 

  320. <span class="nf">augassign</span><span class="p">:</span>

  321.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;+=&#39; 

  322.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;-=&#39; 

  323.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*=&#39; 

  324.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;@=&#39; 

  325.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;/=&#39; 

  326.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;%=&#39; 

  327.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;&amp;=&#39; 

  328.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;|=&#39; 

  329.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;^=&#39; 

  330.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;&lt;&lt;=&#39; 

  331.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;&gt;&gt;=&#39; 

  332.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**=&#39; 

  333.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;//=&#39; 

  334. 

  335. <span class="nf">return_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  336.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;return&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_expressions</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  337. 

  338. <span class="nf">raise_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  339.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;raise&#39;</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">&#39;from&#39;</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">]</span> 

  340.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;raise&#39;</span> 

  341. 

  342. <span class="nf">global_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;global&#39;</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span>NAME<span class="o">+</span> 

  343. 

  344. <span class="nf">nonlocal_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;nonlocal&#39;</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span>NAME<span class="o">+</span> 

  345. 

  346. <span class="nf">del_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  347.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;del&#39;</span> <span class="nf">del_targets</span> &amp;<span class="p">(</span>&#39;;&#39; <span class="o">|</span> NEWLINE<span class="p">)</span> 

  348. 

  349. <span class="nf">yield_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">yield_expr</span> 

  350. 

  351. <span class="nf">assert_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;assert&#39;</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">]</span> 

  352. 

  353. <span class="nf">import_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  354.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">import_name</span>

  355.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">import_from</span>

  356. 

  357. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Import statements</span>

  358. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -----------------</span>

  359. 

  360. <span class="nf">import_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;import&#39;</span> <span class="nf">dotted_as_names</span> 

  361. <span class="c c-Singleline"># note below: the (&#39;.&#39; | &#39;...&#39;) is necessary because &#39;...&#39; is tokenized as ELLIPSIS</span>

  362. <span class="nf">import_from</span><span class="p">:</span>

  363.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;from&#39;</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;.&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;...&#39;<span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">dotted_name</span> <span class="k">&#39;import&#39;</span> <span class="nf">import_from_targets</span> 

  364.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;from&#39;</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;.&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;...&#39;<span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="k">&#39;import&#39;</span> <span class="nf">import_from_targets</span> 

  365. <span class="nf">import_from_targets</span><span class="p">:</span>

  366.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">import_from_as_names</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  367.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">import_from_as_names</span> !&#39;,&#39;

  368.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; 

  369. <span class="nf">import_from_as_names</span><span class="p">:</span>

  370.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">import_from_as_name</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  371. <span class="nf">import_from_as_name</span><span class="p">:</span>

  372.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">&#39;as&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">]</span> 

  373. <span class="nf">dotted_as_names</span><span class="p">:</span>

  374.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">dotted_as_name</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  375. <span class="nf">dotted_as_name</span><span class="p">:</span>

  376.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">dotted_name</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">&#39;as&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">]</span> 

  377. <span class="nf">dotted_name</span><span class="p">:</span>

  378.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">dotted_name</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME 

  379.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME

  380. 

  381. <span class="c c-Singleline"># COMPOUND STATEMENTS</span>

  382. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ===================</span>

  383. 

  384. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Common elements</span>

  385. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------</span>

  386. 

  387. <span class="nf">block</span><span class="p">:</span>

  388.     <span class="o">|</span> NEWLINE INDENT <span class="nf">statements</span> DEDENT 

  389.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">simple_stmts</span>

  390. 

  391. <span class="nf">decorators</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;@&#39; <span class="nf">named_expression</span> NEWLINE <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  392. 

  393. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Class definitions</span>

  394. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -----------------</span>

  395. 

  396. <span class="nf">class_def</span><span class="p">:</span>

  397.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">decorators</span> <span class="nf">class_def_raw</span> 

  398.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">class_def_raw</span>

  399. 

  400. <span class="nf">class_def_raw</span><span class="p">:</span>

  401.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;class&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">type_params</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">arguments</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; <span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  402. 

  403. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Function definitions</span>

  404. <span class="c c-Singleline"># --------------------</span>

  405. 

  406. <span class="nf">function_def</span><span class="p">:</span>

  407.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">decorators</span> <span class="nf">function_def_raw</span> 

  408.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">function_def_raw</span>

  409. 

  410. <span class="nf">function_def_raw</span><span class="p">:</span>

  411.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;def&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">type_params</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">params</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; <span class="p">[</span>&#39;-&gt;&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">func_type_comment</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nf">block</span> 

  412.     <span class="o">|</span> ASYNC <span class="k">&#39;def&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">type_params</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">params</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; <span class="p">[</span>&#39;-&gt;&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">func_type_comment</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nf">block</span> 

  413. 

  414. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Function parameters</span>

  415. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -------------------</span>

  416. 

  417. <span class="nf">params</span><span class="p">:</span>

  418.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">parameters</span>

  419. 

  420. <span class="nf">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span>

  421.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">slash_no_default</span> <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  422.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">slash_with_default</span> <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  423.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  424.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  425.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_etc</span> 

  426. 

  427. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Some duplication here because we can&#39;t write (&#39;,&#39; | &amp;&#39;)&#39;),</span>

  428. <span class="c c-Singleline"># which is because we don&#39;t support empty alternatives (yet).</span>

  429. 

  430. <span class="nf">slash_no_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  431.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &#39;,&#39; 

  432.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  433. <span class="nf">slash_with_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  434.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &#39;,&#39; 

  435.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  436. 

  437. <span class="nf">star_etc</span><span class="p">:</span>

  438.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">param_no_default</span> <span class="nf">param_maybe_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">kwds</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  439.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">param_no_default_star_annotation</span> <span class="nf">param_maybe_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">kwds</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  440.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; &#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">param_maybe_default</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">kwds</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  441.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">kwds</span> 

  442. 

  443. <span class="nf">kwds</span><span class="p">:</span>

  444.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">param_no_default</span> 

  445. 

  446. <span class="c c-Singleline"># One parameter.  This *includes* a following comma and type comment.</span>

  447. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  448. <span class="c c-Singleline"># There are three styles:</span>

  449. <span class="c c-Singleline"># - No default</span>

  450. <span class="c c-Singleline"># - With default</span>

  451. <span class="c c-Singleline"># - Maybe with default</span>

  452. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  453. <span class="c c-Singleline"># There are two alternative forms of each, to deal with type comments:</span>

  454. <span class="c c-Singleline"># - Ends in a comma followed by an optional type comment</span>

  455. <span class="c c-Singleline"># - No comma, optional type comment, must be followed by close paren</span>

  456. <span class="c c-Singleline"># The latter form is for a final parameter without trailing comma.</span>

  457. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  458. 

  459. <span class="nf">param_no_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  460.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param</span> &#39;,&#39; TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> 

  461.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param</span> TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  462. <span class="nf">param_no_default_star_annotation</span><span class="p">:</span>

  463.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_star_annotation</span> &#39;,&#39; TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> 

  464.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param_star_annotation</span> TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  465. <span class="nf">param_with_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  466.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param</span> <span class="nf">default</span> &#39;,&#39; TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> 

  467.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param</span> <span class="nf">default</span> TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  468. <span class="nf">param_maybe_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  469.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param</span> <span class="nf">default</span><span class="o">?</span> &#39;,&#39; TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> 

  470.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">param</span> <span class="nf">default</span><span class="o">?</span> TYPE_COMMENT<span class="o">?</span> &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  471. <span class="nf">param</span><span class="p">:</span> NAME <span class="nf">annotation</span><span class="o">?</span> 

  472. <span class="nf">param_star_annotation</span><span class="p">:</span> NAME <span class="nf">star_annotation</span> 

  473. <span class="nf">annotation</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  474. <span class="nf">star_annotation</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">star_expression</span> 

  475. <span class="nf">default</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">invalid_default</span>

  476. 

  477. <span class="c c-Singleline"># If statement</span>

  478. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ------------</span>

  479. 

  480. <span class="nf">if_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  481.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;if&#39;</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="nf">elif_stmt</span> 

  482.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;if&#39;</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  483. <span class="nf">elif_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  484.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;elif&#39;</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="nf">elif_stmt</span> 

  485.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;elif&#39;</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  486. <span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">:</span>

  487.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;else&#39;</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  488. 

  489. <span class="c c-Singleline"># While statement</span>

  490. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------</span>

  491. 

  492. <span class="nf">while_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  493.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;while&#39;</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  494. 

  495. <span class="c c-Singleline"># For statement</span>

  496. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -------------</span>

  497. 

  498. <span class="nf">for_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  499.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;for&#39;</span> <span class="nf">star_targets</span> <span class="k">&#39;in&#39;</span> ~ <span class="nf">star_expressions</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span>TYPE_COMMENT<span class="p">]</span> <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  500.     <span class="o">|</span> ASYNC <span class="k">&#39;for&#39;</span> <span class="nf">star_targets</span> <span class="k">&#39;in&#39;</span> ~ <span class="nf">star_expressions</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span>TYPE_COMMENT<span class="p">]</span> <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  501. 

  502. <span class="c c-Singleline"># With statement</span>

  503. <span class="c c-Singleline"># --------------</span>

  504. 

  505. <span class="nf">with_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  506.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;with&#39;</span> &#39;(&#39; &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">with_item</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;)&#39; &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  507.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;with&#39;</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">with_item</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span>TYPE_COMMENT<span class="p">]</span> <span class="nf">block</span> 

  508.     <span class="o">|</span> ASYNC <span class="k">&#39;with&#39;</span> &#39;(&#39; &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">with_item</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;)&#39; &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  509.     <span class="o">|</span> ASYNC <span class="k">&#39;with&#39;</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">with_item</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span>TYPE_COMMENT<span class="p">]</span> <span class="nf">block</span> 

  510. 

  511. <span class="nf">with_item</span><span class="p">:</span>

  512.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="k">&#39;as&#39;</span> <span class="nf">star_target</span> &amp;<span class="p">(</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;)&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;:&#39;<span class="p">)</span> 

  513.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  514. 

  515. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Try statement</span>

  516. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -------------</span>

  517. 

  518. <span class="nf">try_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  519.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;try&#39;</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="nf">finally_block</span> 

  520.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;try&#39;</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="nf">except_block</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">finally_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  521.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;try&#39;</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> <span class="nf">except_star_block</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">else_block</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">finally_block</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  522. 

  523. 

  524. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Except statement</span>

  525. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ----------------</span>

  526. 

  527. <span class="nf">except_block</span><span class="p">:</span>

  528.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;except&#39;</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">&#39;as&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  529.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;except&#39;</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  530. <span class="nf">except_star_block</span><span class="p">:</span>

  531.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;except&#39;</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">&#39;as&#39;</span> NAME <span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  532. <span class="nf">finally_block</span><span class="p">:</span>

  533.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;finally&#39;</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  534. 

  535. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Match statement</span>

  536. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------</span>

  537. 

  538. <span class="nf">match_stmt</span><span class="p">:</span>

  539.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&quot;match&quot;</span> <span class="nf">subject_expr</span> &#39;:&#39; NEWLINE INDENT <span class="nf">case_block</span><span class="o">+</span> DEDENT 

  540. 

  541. <span class="nf">subject_expr</span><span class="p">:</span>

  542.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_named_expression</span> &#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">star_named_expressions</span><span class="o">?</span> 

  543.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span>

  544. 

  545. <span class="nf">case_block</span><span class="p">:</span>

  546.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&quot;case&quot;</span> <span class="nf">patterns</span> <span class="nf">guard</span><span class="o">?</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">block</span> 

  547. 

  548. <span class="nf">guard</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;if&#39;</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> 

  549. 

  550. <span class="nf">patterns</span><span class="p">:</span>

  551.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">open_sequence_pattern</span> 

  552.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">pattern</span>

  553. 

  554. <span class="nf">pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  555.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">as_pattern</span>

  556.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">or_pattern</span>

  557. 

  558. <span class="nf">as_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  559.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">or_pattern</span> <span class="k">&#39;as&#39;</span> <span class="nf">pattern_capture_target</span> 

  560. 

  561. <span class="nf">or_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  562.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;|&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">closed_pattern</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  563. 

  564. <span class="nf">closed_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  565.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">literal_pattern</span>

  566.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">capture_pattern</span>

  567.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">wildcard_pattern</span>

  568.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">value_pattern</span>

  569.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">group_pattern</span>

  570.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">sequence_pattern</span>

  571.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">mapping_pattern</span>

  572.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">class_pattern</span>

  573. 

  574. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Literal patterns are used for equality and identity constraints</span>

  575. <span class="nf">literal_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  576.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">signed_number</span> !<span class="p">(</span>&#39;+&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;-&#39;<span class="p">)</span> 

  577.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">complex_number</span> 

  578.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">strings</span> 

  579.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;None&#39;</span> 

  580.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;True&#39;</span> 

  581.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;False&#39;</span> 

  582. 

  583. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Literal expressions are used to restrict permitted mapping pattern keys</span>

  584. <span class="nf">literal_expr</span><span class="p">:</span>

  585.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">signed_number</span> !<span class="p">(</span>&#39;+&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;-&#39;<span class="p">)</span>

  586.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">complex_number</span>

  587.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">strings</span>

  588.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;None&#39;</span> 

  589.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;True&#39;</span> 

  590.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;False&#39;</span> 

  591. 

  592. <span class="nf">complex_number</span><span class="p">:</span>

  593.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">signed_real_number</span> &#39;+&#39; <span class="nf">imaginary_number</span> 

  594.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">signed_real_number</span> &#39;-&#39; <span class="nf">imaginary_number</span>  

  595. 

  596. <span class="nf">signed_number</span><span class="p">:</span>

  597.     <span class="o">|</span> NUMBER

  598.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;-&#39; NUMBER 

  599. 

  600. <span class="nf">signed_real_number</span><span class="p">:</span>

  601.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">real_number</span>

  602.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;-&#39; <span class="nf">real_number</span> 

  603. 

  604. <span class="nf">real_number</span><span class="p">:</span>

  605.     <span class="o">|</span> NUMBER 

  606. 

  607. <span class="nf">imaginary_number</span><span class="p">:</span>

  608.     <span class="o">|</span> NUMBER 

  609. 

  610. <span class="nf">capture_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  611.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">pattern_capture_target</span> 

  612. 

  613. <span class="nf">pattern_capture_target</span><span class="p">:</span>

  614.     <span class="o">|</span> !<span class="k">&quot;_&quot;</span> NAME !<span class="p">(</span>&#39;.&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;=&#39;<span class="p">)</span> 

  615. 

  616. <span class="nf">wildcard_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  617.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&quot;_&quot;</span> 

  618. 

  619. <span class="nf">value_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  620.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">attr</span> !<span class="p">(</span>&#39;.&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;=&#39;<span class="p">)</span> 

  621. 

  622. <span class="nf">attr</span><span class="p">:</span>

  623.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">name_or_attr</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME 

  624. 

  625. <span class="nf">name_or_attr</span><span class="p">:</span>

  626.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">attr</span>

  627.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME

  628. 

  629. <span class="nf">group_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  630.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">pattern</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  631. 

  632. <span class="nf">sequence_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  633.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">maybe_sequence_pattern</span><span class="o">?</span> &#39;]&#39; 

  634.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">open_sequence_pattern</span><span class="o">?</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  635. 

  636. <span class="nf">open_sequence_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  637.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">maybe_star_pattern</span> &#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">maybe_sequence_pattern</span><span class="o">?</span> 

  638. 

  639. <span class="nf">maybe_sequence_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  640.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">maybe_star_pattern</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> 

  641. 

  642. <span class="nf">maybe_star_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  643.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_pattern</span>

  644.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">pattern</span>

  645. 

  646. <span class="nf">star_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  647.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">pattern_capture_target</span> 

  648.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">wildcard_pattern</span> 

  649. 

  650. <span class="nf">mapping_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  651.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; &#39;}&#39; 

  652.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="nf">double_star_pattern</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  653.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="nf">items_pattern</span> &#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">double_star_pattern</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  654.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="nf">items_pattern</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  655. 

  656. <span class="nf">items_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  657.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">key_value_pattern</span><span class="o">+</span>

  658. 

  659. <span class="nf">key_value_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  660.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">literal_expr</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">attr</span><span class="p">)</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">pattern</span> 

  661. 

  662. <span class="nf">double_star_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  663.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">pattern_capture_target</span> 

  664. 

  665. <span class="nf">class_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  666.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">name_or_attr</span> &#39;(&#39; &#39;)&#39; 

  667.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">name_or_attr</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">positional_patterns</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  668.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">name_or_attr</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">keyword_patterns</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  669.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">name_or_attr</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">positional_patterns</span> &#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">keyword_patterns</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">?</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  670. 

  671. <span class="nf">positional_patterns</span><span class="p">:</span>

  672.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">pattern</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  673. 

  674. <span class="nf">keyword_patterns</span><span class="p">:</span>

  675.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">keyword_pattern</span><span class="o">+</span>

  676. 

  677. <span class="nf">keyword_pattern</span><span class="p">:</span>

  678.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME &#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">pattern</span> 

  679. 

  680. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Type statement</span>

  681. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------</span>

  682. 

  683. <span class="nf">type_alias</span><span class="p">:</span>

  684.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&quot;type&quot;</span> NAME <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">type_params</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  685. 

  686. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Type parameter declaration</span>

  687. <span class="c c-Singleline"># --------------------------</span>

  688. 

  689. <span class="nf">type_params</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">type_param_seq</span>  &#39;]&#39; 

  690. 

  691. <span class="nf">type_param_seq</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">type_param</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  692. 

  693. <span class="nf">type_param</span><span class="p">:</span>

  694.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">type_param_bound</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  695.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; NAME &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  696.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; NAME 

  697.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; NAME &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  698.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; NAME 

  699. 

  700. <span class="nf">type_param_bound</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  701. 

  702. <span class="c c-Singleline"># EXPRESSIONS</span>

  703. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -----------</span>

  704. 

  705. <span class="nf">expressions</span><span class="p">:</span>

  706.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  707.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> &#39;,&#39; 

  708.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span>

  709. 

  710. <span class="nf">expression</span><span class="p">:</span>

  711.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">disjunction</span> <span class="k">&#39;if&#39;</span> <span class="nf">disjunction</span> <span class="k">&#39;else&#39;</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  712.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">disjunction</span>

  713.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambdef</span>

  714. 

  715. <span class="nf">yield_expr</span><span class="p">:</span>

  716.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;yield&#39;</span> <span class="k">&#39;from&#39;</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  717.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;yield&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_expressions</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  718. 

  719. <span class="nf">star_expressions</span><span class="p">:</span>

  720.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expression</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">star_expression</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  721.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expression</span> &#39;,&#39; 

  722.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expression</span>

  723. 

  724. <span class="nf">star_expression</span><span class="p">:</span>

  725.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  726.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span>

  727. 

  728. <span class="nf">star_named_expressions</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">star_named_expression</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  729. 

  730. <span class="nf">star_named_expression</span><span class="p">:</span>

  731.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  732.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span>

  733. 

  734. <span class="nf">assignment_expression</span><span class="p">:</span>

  735.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME &#39;:=&#39; ~ <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  736. 

  737. <span class="nf">named_expression</span><span class="p">:</span>

  738.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">assignment_expression</span>

  739.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> !&#39;:=&#39;

  740. 

  741. <span class="nf">disjunction</span><span class="p">:</span>

  742.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">conjunction</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">&#39;or&#39;</span> <span class="nf">conjunction</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  743.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">conjunction</span>

  744. 

  745. <span class="nf">conjunction</span><span class="p">:</span>

  746.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">inversion</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">&#39;and&#39;</span> <span class="nf">inversion</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  747.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">inversion</span>

  748. 

  749. <span class="nf">inversion</span><span class="p">:</span>

  750.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;not&#39;</span> <span class="nf">inversion</span> 

  751.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">comparison</span>

  752. 

  753. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Comparison operators</span>

  754. <span class="c c-Singleline"># --------------------</span>

  755. 

  756. <span class="nf">comparison</span><span class="p">:</span>

  757.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> <span class="nf">compare_op_bitwise_or_pair</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  758.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span>

  759. 

  760. <span class="nf">compare_op_bitwise_or_pair</span><span class="p">:</span>

  761.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">eq_bitwise_or</span>

  762.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">noteq_bitwise_or</span>

  763.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lte_bitwise_or</span>

  764.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lt_bitwise_or</span>

  765.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">gte_bitwise_or</span>

  766.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">gt_bitwise_or</span>

  767.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">notin_bitwise_or</span>

  768.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">in_bitwise_or</span>

  769.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">isnot_bitwise_or</span>

  770.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">is_bitwise_or</span>

  771. 

  772. <span class="nf">eq_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;==&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  773. <span class="nf">noteq_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span>

  774.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;!=&#39; <span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  775. <span class="nf">lte_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;&lt;=&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  776. <span class="nf">lt_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;&lt;&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  777. <span class="nf">gte_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;&gt;=&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  778. <span class="nf">gt_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;&gt;&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  779. <span class="nf">notin_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;not&#39;</span> <span class="k">&#39;in&#39;</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  780. <span class="nf">in_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;in&#39;</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  781. <span class="nf">isnot_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;is&#39;</span> <span class="k">&#39;not&#39;</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  782. <span class="nf">is_bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">&#39;is&#39;</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  783. 

  784. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Bitwise operators</span>

  785. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -----------------</span>

  786. 

  787. <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span><span class="p">:</span>

  788.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> &#39;|&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_xor</span> 

  789.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_xor</span>

  790. 

  791. <span class="nf">bitwise_xor</span><span class="p">:</span>

  792.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_xor</span> &#39;^&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_and</span> 

  793.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_and</span>

  794. 

  795. <span class="nf">bitwise_and</span><span class="p">:</span>

  796.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">bitwise_and</span> &#39;&amp;&#39; <span class="nf">shift_expr</span> 

  797.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">shift_expr</span>

  798. 

  799. <span class="nf">shift_expr</span><span class="p">:</span>

  800.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">shift_expr</span> &#39;&lt;&lt;&#39; <span class="nf">sum</span> 

  801.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">shift_expr</span> &#39;&gt;&gt;&#39; <span class="nf">sum</span> 

  802.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">sum</span>

  803. 

  804. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Arithmetic operators</span>

  805. <span class="c c-Singleline"># --------------------</span>

  806. 

  807. <span class="nf">sum</span><span class="p">:</span>

  808.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">sum</span> &#39;+&#39; <span class="nf">term</span> 

  809.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">sum</span> &#39;-&#39; <span class="nf">term</span> 

  810.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">term</span>

  811. 

  812. <span class="nf">term</span><span class="p">:</span>

  813.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">term</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  814.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">term</span> &#39;/&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  815.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">term</span> &#39;//&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  816.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">term</span> &#39;%&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  817.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">term</span> &#39;@&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  818.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">factor</span>

  819. 

  820. <span class="nf">factor</span><span class="p">:</span>

  821.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;+&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  822.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;-&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  823.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;~&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  824.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">power</span>

  825. 

  826. <span class="nf">power</span><span class="p">:</span>

  827.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">await_primary</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">factor</span> 

  828.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">await_primary</span>

  829. 

  830. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Primary elements</span>

  831. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ----------------</span>

  832. 

  833. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Primary elements are things like &quot;obj.something.something&quot;, &quot;obj[something]&quot;, &quot;obj(something)&quot;, &quot;obj&quot; ...</span>

  834. 

  835. <span class="nf">await_primary</span><span class="p">:</span>

  836.     <span class="o">|</span> AWAIT <span class="nf">primary</span> 

  837.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">primary</span>

  838. 

  839. <span class="nf">primary</span><span class="p">:</span>

  840.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">primary</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME 

  841.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">primary</span> <span class="nf">genexp</span> 

  842.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">primary</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">arguments</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  843.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">primary</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">slices</span> &#39;]&#39; 

  844.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">atom</span>

  845. 

  846. <span class="nf">slices</span><span class="p">:</span>

  847.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">slice</span> !&#39;,&#39; 

  848.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">slice</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">starred_expression</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  849. 

  850. <span class="nf">slice</span><span class="p">:</span>

  851.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;:&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">]</span> 

  852.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span> 

  853. 

  854. <span class="nf">atom</span><span class="p">:</span>

  855.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME

  856.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;True&#39;</span> 

  857.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;False&#39;</span> 

  858.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;None&#39;</span> 

  859.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">strings</span>

  860.     <span class="o">|</span> NUMBER

  861.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">tuple</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">group</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">genexp</span><span class="p">)</span>

  862.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">list</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">listcomp</span><span class="p">)</span>

  863.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">dict</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">set</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">dictcomp</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">setcomp</span><span class="p">)</span>

  864.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;...&#39; 

  865. 

  866. <span class="nf">group</span><span class="p">:</span>

  867.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">yield_expr</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">named_expression</span><span class="p">)</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  868. 

  869. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Lambda functions</span>

  870. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ----------------</span>

  871. 

  872. <span class="nf">lambdef</span><span class="p">:</span>

  873.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;lambda&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_params</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  874. 

  875. <span class="nf">lambda_params</span><span class="p">:</span>

  876.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_parameters</span>

  877. 

  878. <span class="c c-Singleline"># lambda_parameters etc. duplicates parameters but without annotations</span>

  879. <span class="c c-Singleline"># or type comments, and if there&#39;s no comma after a parameter, we expect</span>

  880. <span class="c c-Singleline"># a colon, not a close parenthesis.  (For more, see parameters above.)</span>

  881. <span class="c c-Singleline">#</span>

  882. <span class="nf">lambda_parameters</span><span class="p">:</span>

  883.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_slash_no_default</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  884.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_slash_with_default</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  885.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  886.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_star_etc</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  887.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_star_etc</span> 

  888. 

  889. <span class="nf">lambda_slash_no_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  890.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &#39;,&#39; 

  891.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &amp;&#39;:&#39; 

  892. 

  893. <span class="nf">lambda_slash_with_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  894.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &#39;,&#39; 

  895.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;/&#39; &amp;&#39;:&#39; 

  896. 

  897. <span class="nf">lambda_star_etc</span><span class="p">:</span>

  898.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param_maybe_default</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_kwds</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  899.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; &#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">lambda_param_maybe_default</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">lambda_kwds</span><span class="p">]</span> 

  900.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_kwds</span> 

  901. 

  902. <span class="nf">lambda_kwds</span><span class="p">:</span>

  903.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span> 

  904. 

  905. <span class="nf">lambda_param_no_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  906.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param</span> &#39;,&#39; 

  907.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param</span> &amp;&#39;:&#39; 

  908. <span class="nf">lambda_param_with_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  909.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param</span> <span class="nf">default</span> &#39;,&#39; 

  910.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param</span> <span class="nf">default</span> &amp;&#39;:&#39; 

  911. <span class="nf">lambda_param_maybe_default</span><span class="p">:</span>

  912.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param</span> <span class="nf">default</span><span class="o">?</span> &#39;,&#39; 

  913.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">lambda_param</span> <span class="nf">default</span><span class="o">?</span> &amp;&#39;:&#39; 

  914. <span class="nf">lambda_param</span><span class="p">:</span> NAME 

  915. 

  916. <span class="c c-Singleline"># LITERALS</span>

  917. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ========</span>

  918. 

  919. <span class="nf">fstring_middle</span><span class="p">:</span>

  920.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">fstring_replacement_field</span>

  921.     <span class="o">|</span> FSTRING_MIDDLE 

  922. <span class="nf">fstring_replacement_field</span><span class="p">:</span>

  923.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">yield_expr</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_expressions</span><span class="p">)</span> &#39;=&#39;<span class="o">?</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">fstring_conversion</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">fstring_full_format_spec</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  924. <span class="nf">fstring_conversion</span><span class="p">:</span>

  925.     <span class="o">|</span> &quot;!&quot; NAME 

  926. <span class="nf">fstring_full_format_spec</span><span class="p">:</span>

  927.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">fstring_format_spec</span><span class="o">*</span> 

  928. <span class="nf">fstring_format_spec</span><span class="p">:</span>

  929.     <span class="o">|</span> FSTRING_MIDDLE 

  930.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">fstring_replacement_field</span>

  931. <span class="nf">fstring</span><span class="p">:</span>

  932.     <span class="o">|</span> FSTRING_START <span class="nf">fstring_middle</span><span class="o">*</span> FSTRING_END 

  933. 

  934. <span class="nf">string</span><span class="p">:</span> STRING 

  935. <span class="nf">strings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">fstring</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="nf">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  936. 

  937. <span class="nf">list</span><span class="p">:</span>

  938.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_named_expressions</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;]&#39; 

  939. 

  940. <span class="nf">tuple</span><span class="p">:</span>

  941.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_named_expression</span> &#39;,&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_named_expressions</span><span class="p">]</span>  <span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  942. 

  943. <span class="nf">set</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="nf">star_named_expressions</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  944. 

  945. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Dicts</span>

  946. <span class="c c-Singleline"># -----</span>

  947. 

  948. <span class="nf">dict</span><span class="p">:</span>

  949.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">double_starred_kvpairs</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  950. 

  951. <span class="nf">double_starred_kvpairs</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">double_starred_kvpair</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  952. 

  953. <span class="nf">double_starred_kvpair</span><span class="p">:</span>

  954.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">bitwise_or</span> 

  955.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">kvpair</span>

  956. 

  957. <span class="nf">kvpair</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> &#39;:&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  958. 

  959. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Comprehensions &amp; Generators</span>

  960. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------------------</span>

  961. 

  962. <span class="nf">for_if_clauses</span><span class="p">:</span>

  963.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">for_if_clause</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  964. 

  965. <span class="nf">for_if_clause</span><span class="p">:</span>

  966.     <span class="o">|</span> ASYNC <span class="k">&#39;for&#39;</span> <span class="nf">star_targets</span> <span class="k">&#39;in&#39;</span> ~ <span class="nf">disjunction</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">&#39;if&#39;</span> <span class="nf">disjunction</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span> 

  967.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">&#39;for&#39;</span> <span class="nf">star_targets</span> <span class="k">&#39;in&#39;</span> ~ <span class="nf">disjunction</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">&#39;if&#39;</span> <span class="nf">disjunction</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span> 

  968. 

  969. <span class="nf">listcomp</span><span class="p">:</span>

  970.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">named_expression</span> <span class="nf">for_if_clauses</span> &#39;]&#39; 

  971. 

  972. <span class="nf">setcomp</span><span class="p">:</span>

  973.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="nf">named_expression</span> <span class="nf">for_if_clauses</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  974. 

  975. <span class="nf">genexp</span><span class="p">:</span>

  976.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">(</span> <span class="nf">assignment_expression</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> !&#39;:=&#39;<span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">for_if_clauses</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  977. 

  978. <span class="nf">dictcomp</span><span class="p">:</span>

  979.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;{&#39; <span class="nf">kvpair</span> <span class="nf">for_if_clauses</span> &#39;}&#39; 

  980. 

  981. <span class="c c-Singleline"># FUNCTION CALL ARGUMENTS</span>

  982. <span class="c c-Singleline"># =======================</span>

  983. 

  984. <span class="nf">arguments</span><span class="p">:</span>

  985.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">args</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> &amp;&#39;)&#39; 

  986. 

  987. <span class="nf">args</span><span class="p">:</span>

  988.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">starred_expression</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="nf">assignment_expression</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">expression</span> !&#39;:=&#39;<span class="p">)</span> !&#39;=&#39;<span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">kwargs</span> <span class="p">]</span> 

  989.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">kwargs</span> 

  990. 

  991. <span class="nf">kwargs</span><span class="p">:</span>

  992.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">kwarg_or_starred</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39; &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">kwarg_or_double_starred</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  993.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">kwarg_or_starred</span><span class="o">+</span>

  994.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">kwarg_or_double_starred</span><span class="o">+</span>

  995. 

  996. <span class="nf">starred_expression</span><span class="p">:</span>

  997.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  998.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; 

  999. 

  1000. <span class="nf">kwarg_or_starred</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1001.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME &#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1002.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">starred_expression</span> 

  1003. 

  1004. <span class="nf">kwarg_or_double_starred</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1005.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME &#39;=&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1006.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1007. 

  1008. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ASSIGNMENT TARGETS</span>

  1009. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ==================</span>

  1010. 

  1011. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Generic targets</span>

  1012. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------</span>

  1013. 

  1014. <span class="c c-Singleline"># NOTE: star_targets may contain *bitwise_or, targets may not.</span>

  1015. <span class="nf">star_targets</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1016.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_target</span> !&#39;,&#39; 

  1017.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_target</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">star_target</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  1018. 

  1019. <span class="nf">star_targets_list_seq</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">star_target</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  1020. 

  1021. <span class="nf">star_targets_tuple_seq</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1022.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_target</span> <span class="p">(</span>&#39;,&#39; <span class="nf">star_target</span> <span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  1023.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_target</span> &#39;,&#39; 

  1024. 

  1025. <span class="nf">star_target</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1026.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="p">(</span>!&#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">star_target</span><span class="p">)</span> 

  1027.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">target_with_star_atom</span>

  1028. 

  1029. <span class="nf">target_with_star_atom</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1030.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME !<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1031.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">slices</span> &#39;]&#39; !<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1032.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">star_atom</span>

  1033. 

  1034. <span class="nf">star_atom</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1035.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME 

  1036.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">target_with_star_atom</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  1037.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_targets_tuple_seq</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  1038.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">star_targets_list_seq</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;]&#39; 

  1039. 

  1040. <span class="nf">single_target</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1041.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">single_subscript_attribute_target</span>

  1042.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME 

  1043.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">single_target</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  1044. 

  1045. <span class="nf">single_subscript_attribute_target</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1046.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME !<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1047.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">slices</span> &#39;]&#39; !<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1048. 

  1049. <span class="nf">t_primary</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1050.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME &amp;<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1051.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">slices</span> &#39;]&#39; &amp;<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1052.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> <span class="nf">genexp</span> &amp;<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1053.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">arguments</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; &amp;<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1054.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">atom</span> &amp;<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1055. 

  1056. <span class="nf">t_lookahead</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="o">|</span> &#39;.&#39;

  1057. 

  1058. <span class="c c-Singleline"># Targets for del statements</span>

  1059. <span class="c c-Singleline"># --------------------------</span>

  1060. 

  1061. <span class="nf">del_targets</span><span class="p">:</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">del_target</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span>&#39;,&#39;<span class="p">]</span> 

  1062. 

  1063. <span class="nf">del_target</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1064.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;.&#39; NAME !<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1065.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">t_primary</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="nf">slices</span> &#39;]&#39; !<span class="nf">t_lookahead</span> 

  1066.     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nf">del_t_atom</span>

  1067. 

  1068. <span class="nf">del_t_atom</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1069.     <span class="o">|</span> NAME 

  1070.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="nf">del_target</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  1071.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;(&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">del_targets</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;)&#39; 

  1072.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;[&#39; <span class="p">[</span><span class="nf">del_targets</span><span class="p">]</span> &#39;]&#39; 

  1073. 

  1074. <span class="c c-Singleline"># TYPING ELEMENTS</span>

  1075. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ---------------</span>

  1076. 

  1077. <span class="c c-Singleline"># type_expressions allow */** but ignore them</span>

  1078. <span class="nf">type_expressions</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1079.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39; &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> &#39;,&#39; &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1080.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39; &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1081.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="o">+</span> &#39;,&#39; &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1082.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> &#39;,&#39; &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1083.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;*&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1084.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;**&#39; <span class="nf">expression</span> 

  1085.     <span class="o">|</span> &#39;,&#39;<span class="o">.</span><span class="nf">expression</span><span class="o">+</span> 

  1086. 

  1087. <span class="nf">func_type_comment</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1088.     <span class="o">|</span> NEWLINE TYPE_COMMENT &amp;<span class="p">(</span>NEWLINE INDENT<span class="p">)</span>   <span class="c c-Singleline"># Must be followed by indented block</span>

  1089.     <span class="o">|</span> TYPE_COMMENT

  1090. 

  1091. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ========================= END OF THE GRAMMAR ===========================</span>

  1092. 

  1093. 

  1094. 

  1095. <span class="c c-Singleline"># ========================= START OF INVALID RULES =======================</span>

  1096. 

  1097. </pre></div>

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