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  147.    <h1>Python Module Index</h1>

  148. 

  149.    <div class="modindex-jumpbox">

  150.    <a href="#cap-_"><strong>_</strong></a> | 

  151.    <a href="#cap-a"><strong>a</strong></a> | 

  152.    <a href="#cap-b"><strong>b</strong></a> | 

  153.    <a href="#cap-c"><strong>c</strong></a> | 

  154.    <a href="#cap-d"><strong>d</strong></a> | 

  155.    <a href="#cap-e"><strong>e</strong></a> | 

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  159.    <a href="#cap-i"><strong>i</strong></a> | 

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  162.    <a href="#cap-l"><strong>l</strong></a> | 

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  172.    <a href="#cap-v"><strong>v</strong></a> | 

  173.    <a href="#cap-w"><strong>w</strong></a> | 

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  175.    <a href="#cap-z"><strong>z</strong></a>

  176.    </div>

  177. 

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  179.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  180.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-_"><td></td><td>

  181.        <strong>_</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  182.      <tr>

  183.        <td></td>

  184.        <td>

  185.        <a href="library/__future__.html#module-__future__"><code class="xref">__future__</code></a></td><td>

  186.        <em>Future statement definitions</em></td></tr>

  187.      <tr>

  188.        <td></td>

  189.        <td>

  190.        <a href="library/__main__.html#module-__main__"><code class="xref">__main__</code></a></td><td>

  191.        <em>The environment where top-level code is run. Covers command-line

  192. interfaces, import-time behavior, and ``__name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;``.</em></td></tr>

  193.      <tr>

  194.        <td></td>

  195.        <td>

  196.        <a href="library/_thread.html#module-_thread"><code class="xref">_thread</code></a></td><td>

  197.        <em>Low-level threading API.</em></td></tr>

  198.      <tr>

  199.        <td></td>

  200.        <td>

  201.        <a href="library/tkinter.html#module-_tkinter"><code class="xref">_tkinter</code></a></td><td>

  202.        <em>A binary module that contains the low-level interface to Tcl/Tk.</em></td></tr>

  203.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  204.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-a"><td></td><td>

  205.        <strong>a</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  206.      <tr>

  207.        <td></td>

  208.        <td>

  209.        <a href="library/abc.html#module-abc"><code class="xref">abc</code></a></td><td>

  210.        <em>Abstract base classes according to :pep:`3119`.</em></td></tr>

  211.      <tr>

  212.        <td></td>

  213.        <td>

  214.        <a href="library/aifc.html#module-aifc"><code class="xref">aifc</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  215.        <em>Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format.</em></td></tr>

  216.      <tr>

  217.        <td></td>

  218.        <td>

  219.        <a href="library/argparse.html#module-argparse"><code class="xref">argparse</code></a></td><td>

  220.        <em>Command-line option and argument parsing library.</em></td></tr>

  221.      <tr>

  222.        <td></td>

  223.        <td>

  224.        <a href="library/array.html#module-array"><code class="xref">array</code></a></td><td>

  225.        <em>Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values.</em></td></tr>

  226.      <tr>

  227.        <td></td>

  228.        <td>

  229.        <a href="library/ast.html#module-ast"><code class="xref">ast</code></a></td><td>

  230.        <em>Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.</em></td></tr>

  231.      <tr>

  232.        <td></td>

  233.        <td>

  234.        <a href="library/asyncio.html#module-asyncio"><code class="xref">asyncio</code></a></td><td>

  235.        <em>Asynchronous I/O.</em></td></tr>

  236.      <tr>

  237.        <td></td>

  238.        <td>

  239.        <a href="library/atexit.html#module-atexit"><code class="xref">atexit</code></a></td><td>

  240.        <em>Register and execute cleanup functions.</em></td></tr>

  241.      <tr>

  242.        <td></td>

  243.        <td>

  244.        <a href="library/audioop.html#module-audioop"><code class="xref">audioop</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  245.        <em>Manipulate raw audio data.</em></td></tr>

  246.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  247.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-b"><td></td><td>

  248.        <strong>b</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  249.      <tr>

  250.        <td></td>

  251.        <td>

  252.        <a href="library/base64.html#module-base64"><code class="xref">base64</code></a></td><td>

  253.        <em>RFC 4648: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings;

  254. Base85 and Ascii85</em></td></tr>

  255.      <tr>

  256.        <td></td>

  257.        <td>

  258.        <a href="library/bdb.html#module-bdb"><code class="xref">bdb</code></a></td><td>

  259.        <em>Debugger framework.</em></td></tr>

  260.      <tr>

  261.        <td></td>

  262.        <td>

  263.        <a href="library/binascii.html#module-binascii"><code class="xref">binascii</code></a></td><td>

  264.        <em>Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary

  265. representations.</em></td></tr>

  266.      <tr>

  267.        <td></td>

  268.        <td>

  269.        <a href="library/bisect.html#module-bisect"><code class="xref">bisect</code></a></td><td>

  270.        <em>Array bisection algorithms for binary searching.</em></td></tr>

  271.      <tr>

  272.        <td></td>

  273.        <td>

  274.        <a href="library/builtins.html#module-builtins"><code class="xref">builtins</code></a></td><td>

  275.        <em>The module that provides the built-in namespace.</em></td></tr>

  276.      <tr>

  277.        <td></td>

  278.        <td>

  279.        <a href="library/bz2.html#module-bz2"><code class="xref">bz2</code></a></td><td>

  280.        <em>Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression.</em></td></tr>

  281.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  282.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-c"><td></td><td>

  283.        <strong>c</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  284.      <tr>

  285.        <td></td>

  286.        <td>

  287.        <a href="library/calendar.html#module-calendar"><code class="xref">calendar</code></a></td><td>

  288.        <em>Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation

  289. of the Unix cal program.</em></td></tr>

  290.      <tr>

  291.        <td></td>

  292.        <td>

  293.        <a href="library/cgi.html#module-cgi"><code class="xref">cgi</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  294.        <em>Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface.</em></td></tr>

  295.      <tr>

  296.        <td></td>

  297.        <td>

  298.        <a href="library/cgitb.html#module-cgitb"><code class="xref">cgitb</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  299.        <em>Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts.</em></td></tr>

  300.      <tr>

  301.        <td></td>

  302.        <td>

  303.        <a href="library/chunk.html#module-chunk"><code class="xref">chunk</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  304.        <em>Module to read IFF chunks.</em></td></tr>

  305.      <tr>

  306.        <td></td>

  307.        <td>

  308.        <a href="library/cmath.html#module-cmath"><code class="xref">cmath</code></a></td><td>

  309.        <em>Mathematical functions for complex numbers.</em></td></tr>

  310.      <tr>

  311.        <td></td>

  312.        <td>

  313.        <a href="library/cmd.html#module-cmd"><code class="xref">cmd</code></a></td><td>

  314.        <em>Build line-oriented command interpreters.</em></td></tr>

  315.      <tr>

  316.        <td></td>

  317.        <td>

  318.        <a href="library/code.html#module-code"><code class="xref">code</code></a></td><td>

  319.        <em>Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops.</em></td></tr>

  320.      <tr>

  321.        <td></td>

  322.        <td>

  323.        <a href="library/codecs.html#module-codecs"><code class="xref">codecs</code></a></td><td>

  324.        <em>Encode and decode data and streams.</em></td></tr>

  325.      <tr>

  326.        <td></td>

  327.        <td>

  328.        <a href="library/codeop.html#module-codeop"><code class="xref">codeop</code></a></td><td>

  329.        <em>Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.</em></td></tr>

  330.      <tr>

  331.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  332.               id="toggle-1" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  333.        <td>

  334.        <a href="library/collections.html#module-collections"><code class="xref">collections</code></a></td><td>

  335.        <em>Container datatypes</em></td></tr>

  336.      <tr class="cg-1">

  337.        <td></td>

  338.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  339.        <a href="library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc"><code class="xref">collections.abc</code></a></td><td>

  340.        <em>Abstract base classes for containers</em></td></tr>

  341.      <tr>

  342.        <td></td>

  343.        <td>

  344.        <a href="library/colorsys.html#module-colorsys"><code class="xref">colorsys</code></a></td><td>

  345.        <em>Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems.</em></td></tr>

  346.      <tr>

  347.        <td></td>

  348.        <td>

  349.        <a href="library/compileall.html#module-compileall"><code class="xref">compileall</code></a></td><td>

  350.        <em>Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree.</em></td></tr>

  351.      <tr>

  352.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  353.               id="toggle-2" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  354.        <td>

  355.        <code class="xref">concurrent</code></td><td>

  356.        <em></em></td></tr>

  357.      <tr class="cg-2">

  358.        <td></td>

  359.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  360.        <a href="library/concurrent.futures.html#module-concurrent.futures"><code class="xref">concurrent.futures</code></a></td><td>

  361.        <em>Execute computations concurrently using threads or processes.</em></td></tr>

  362.      <tr>

  363.        <td></td>

  364.        <td>

  365.        <a href="library/configparser.html#module-configparser"><code class="xref">configparser</code></a></td><td>

  366.        <em>Configuration file parser.</em></td></tr>

  367.      <tr>

  368.        <td></td>

  369.        <td>

  370.        <a href="library/contextlib.html#module-contextlib"><code class="xref">contextlib</code></a></td><td>

  371.        <em>Utilities for with-statement contexts.</em></td></tr>

  372.      <tr>

  373.        <td></td>

  374.        <td>

  375.        <a href="library/contextvars.html#module-contextvars"><code class="xref">contextvars</code></a></td><td>

  376.        <em>Context Variables</em></td></tr>

  377.      <tr>

  378.        <td></td>

  379.        <td>

  380.        <a href="library/copy.html#module-copy"><code class="xref">copy</code></a></td><td>

  381.        <em>Shallow and deep copy operations.</em></td></tr>

  382.      <tr>

  383.        <td></td>

  384.        <td>

  385.        <a href="library/copyreg.html#module-copyreg"><code class="xref">copyreg</code></a></td><td>

  386.        <em>Register pickle support functions.</em></td></tr>

  387.      <tr>

  388.        <td></td>

  389.        <td>

  390.        <a href="library/profile.html#module-cProfile"><code class="xref">cProfile</code></a></td><td>

  391.        <em></em></td></tr>

  392.      <tr>

  393.        <td></td>

  394.        <td>

  395.        <a href="library/crypt.html#module-crypt"><code class="xref">crypt</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  396.        <em>The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords.</em></td></tr>

  397.      <tr>

  398.        <td></td>

  399.        <td>

  400.        <a href="library/csv.html#module-csv"><code class="xref">csv</code></a></td><td>

  401.        <em>Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files.</em></td></tr>

  402.      <tr>

  403.        <td></td>

  404.        <td>

  405.        <a href="library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes"><code class="xref">ctypes</code></a></td><td>

  406.        <em>A foreign function library for Python.</em></td></tr>

  407.      <tr>

  408.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  409.               id="toggle-3" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  410.        <td>

  411.        <a href="library/curses.html#module-curses"><code class="xref">curses</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  412.        <em>An interface to the curses library, providing portable

  413. terminal handling.</em></td></tr>

  414.      <tr class="cg-3">

  415.        <td></td>

  416.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  417.        <a href="library/curses.ascii.html#module-curses.ascii"><code class="xref">curses.ascii</code></a></td><td>

  418.        <em>Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters.</em></td></tr>

  419.      <tr class="cg-3">

  420.        <td></td>

  421.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  422.        <a href="library/curses.panel.html#module-curses.panel"><code class="xref">curses.panel</code></a></td><td>

  423.        <em>A panel stack extension that adds depth to  curses windows.</em></td></tr>

  424.      <tr class="cg-3">

  425.        <td></td>

  426.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  427.        <a href="library/curses.html#module-curses.textpad"><code class="xref">curses.textpad</code></a></td><td>

  428.        <em>Emacs-like input editing in a curses window.</em></td></tr>

  429.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  430.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-d"><td></td><td>

  431.        <strong>d</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  432.      <tr>

  433.        <td></td>

  434.        <td>

  435.        <a href="library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses"><code class="xref">dataclasses</code></a></td><td>

  436.        <em>Generate special methods on user-defined classes.</em></td></tr>

  437.      <tr>

  438.        <td></td>

  439.        <td>

  440.        <a href="library/datetime.html#module-datetime"><code class="xref">datetime</code></a></td><td>

  441.        <em>Basic date and time types.</em></td></tr>

  442.      <tr>

  443.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  444.               id="toggle-4" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  445.        <td>

  446.        <a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm"><code class="xref">dbm</code></a></td><td>

  447.        <em>Interfaces to various Unix &#34;database&#34; formats.</em></td></tr>

  448.      <tr class="cg-4">

  449.        <td></td>

  450.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  451.        <a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.dumb"><code class="xref">dbm.dumb</code></a></td><td>

  452.        <em>Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.</em></td></tr>

  453.      <tr class="cg-4">

  454.        <td></td>

  455.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  456.        <a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.gnu"><code class="xref">dbm.gnu</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  457.        <em>GNU database manager</em></td></tr>

  458.      <tr class="cg-4">

  459.        <td></td>

  460.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  461.        <a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.ndbm"><code class="xref">dbm.ndbm</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  462.        <em>The New Database Manager</em></td></tr>

  463.      <tr>

  464.        <td></td>

  465.        <td>

  466.        <a href="library/decimal.html#module-decimal"><code class="xref">decimal</code></a></td><td>

  467.        <em>Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic  Specification.</em></td></tr>

  468.      <tr>

  469.        <td></td>

  470.        <td>

  471.        <a href="library/difflib.html#module-difflib"><code class="xref">difflib</code></a></td><td>

  472.        <em>Helpers for computing differences between objects.</em></td></tr>

  473.      <tr>

  474.        <td></td>

  475.        <td>

  476.        <a href="library/dis.html#module-dis"><code class="xref">dis</code></a></td><td>

  477.        <em>Disassembler for Python bytecode.</em></td></tr>

  478.      <tr>

  479.        <td></td>

  480.        <td>

  481.        <a href="library/doctest.html#module-doctest"><code class="xref">doctest</code></a></td><td>

  482.        <em>Test pieces of code within docstrings.</em></td></tr>

  483.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  484.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-e"><td></td><td>

  485.        <strong>e</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  486.      <tr>

  487.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  488.               id="toggle-5" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  489.        <td>

  490.        <a href="library/email.html#module-email"><code class="xref">email</code></a></td><td>

  491.        <em>Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating

  492. email messages.</em></td></tr>

  493.      <tr class="cg-5">

  494.        <td></td>

  495.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  496.        <a href="library/email.charset.html#module-email.charset"><code class="xref">email.charset</code></a></td><td>

  497.        <em>Character Sets</em></td></tr>

  498.      <tr class="cg-5">

  499.        <td></td>

  500.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  501.        <a href="library/email.contentmanager.html#module-email.contentmanager"><code class="xref">email.contentmanager</code></a></td><td>

  502.        <em>Storing and Retrieving Content from MIME Parts</em></td></tr>

  503.      <tr class="cg-5">

  504.        <td></td>

  505.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  506.        <a href="library/email.encoders.html#module-email.encoders"><code class="xref">email.encoders</code></a></td><td>

  507.        <em>Encoders for email message payloads.</em></td></tr>

  508.      <tr class="cg-5">

  509.        <td></td>

  510.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  511.        <a href="library/email.errors.html#module-email.errors"><code class="xref">email.errors</code></a></td><td>

  512.        <em>The exception classes used by the email package.</em></td></tr>

  513.      <tr class="cg-5">

  514.        <td></td>

  515.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  516.        <a href="library/email.generator.html#module-email.generator"><code class="xref">email.generator</code></a></td><td>

  517.        <em>Generate flat text email messages from a message structure.</em></td></tr>

  518.      <tr class="cg-5">

  519.        <td></td>

  520.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  521.        <a href="library/email.header.html#module-email.header"><code class="xref">email.header</code></a></td><td>

  522.        <em>Representing non-ASCII headers</em></td></tr>

  523.      <tr class="cg-5">

  524.        <td></td>

  525.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  526.        <a href="library/email.headerregistry.html#module-email.headerregistry"><code class="xref">email.headerregistry</code></a></td><td>

  527.        <em>Automatic Parsing of headers based on the field name</em></td></tr>

  528.      <tr class="cg-5">

  529.        <td></td>

  530.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  531.        <a href="library/email.iterators.html#module-email.iterators"><code class="xref">email.iterators</code></a></td><td>

  532.        <em>Iterate over a  message object tree.</em></td></tr>

  533.      <tr class="cg-5">

  534.        <td></td>

  535.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  536.        <a href="library/email.message.html#module-email.message"><code class="xref">email.message</code></a></td><td>

  537.        <em>The base class representing email messages.</em></td></tr>

  538.      <tr class="cg-5">

  539.        <td></td>

  540.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  541.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime"><code class="xref">email.mime</code></a></td><td>

  542.        <em>Build MIME messages.</em></td></tr>

  543.      <tr class="cg-5">

  544.        <td></td>

  545.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  546.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.application"><code class="xref">email.mime.application</code></a></td><td>

  547.        <em></em></td></tr>

  548.      <tr class="cg-5">

  549.        <td></td>

  550.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  551.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.audio"><code class="xref">email.mime.audio</code></a></td><td>

  552.        <em></em></td></tr>

  553.      <tr class="cg-5">

  554.        <td></td>

  555.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  556.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.base"><code class="xref">email.mime.base</code></a></td><td>

  557.        <em></em></td></tr>

  558.      <tr class="cg-5">

  559.        <td></td>

  560.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  561.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.image"><code class="xref">email.mime.image</code></a></td><td>

  562.        <em></em></td></tr>

  563.      <tr class="cg-5">

  564.        <td></td>

  565.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  566.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.message"><code class="xref">email.mime.message</code></a></td><td>

  567.        <em></em></td></tr>

  568.      <tr class="cg-5">

  569.        <td></td>

  570.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  571.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.multipart"><code class="xref">email.mime.multipart</code></a></td><td>

  572.        <em></em></td></tr>

  573.      <tr class="cg-5">

  574.        <td></td>

  575.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  576.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.nonmultipart"><code class="xref">email.mime.nonmultipart</code></a></td><td>

  577.        <em></em></td></tr>

  578.      <tr class="cg-5">

  579.        <td></td>

  580.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  581.        <a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.text"><code class="xref">email.mime.text</code></a></td><td>

  582.        <em></em></td></tr>

  583.      <tr class="cg-5">

  584.        <td></td>

  585.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  586.        <a href="library/email.parser.html#module-email.parser"><code class="xref">email.parser</code></a></td><td>

  587.        <em>Parse flat text email messages to produce a message object structure.</em></td></tr>

  588.      <tr class="cg-5">

  589.        <td></td>

  590.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  591.        <a href="library/email.policy.html#module-email.policy"><code class="xref">email.policy</code></a></td><td>

  592.        <em>Controlling the parsing and generating of messages</em></td></tr>

  593.      <tr class="cg-5">

  594.        <td></td>

  595.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  596.        <a href="library/email.utils.html#module-email.utils"><code class="xref">email.utils</code></a></td><td>

  597.        <em>Miscellaneous email package utilities.</em></td></tr>

  598.      <tr>

  599.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  600.               id="toggle-6" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  601.        <td>

  602.        <code class="xref">encodings</code></td><td>

  603.        <em></em></td></tr>

  604.      <tr class="cg-6">

  605.        <td></td>

  606.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  607.        <a href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.idna"><code class="xref">encodings.idna</code></a></td><td>

  608.        <em>Internationalized Domain Names implementation</em></td></tr>

  609.      <tr class="cg-6">

  610.        <td></td>

  611.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  612.        <a href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.mbcs"><code class="xref">encodings.mbcs</code></a></td><td>

  613.        <em>Windows ANSI codepage</em></td></tr>

  614.      <tr class="cg-6">

  615.        <td></td>

  616.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  617.        <a href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.utf_8_sig"><code class="xref">encodings.utf_8_sig</code></a></td><td>

  618.        <em>UTF-8 codec with BOM signature</em></td></tr>

  619.      <tr>

  620.        <td></td>

  621.        <td>

  622.        <a href="library/ensurepip.html#module-ensurepip"><code class="xref">ensurepip</code></a></td><td>

  623.        <em>Bootstrapping the &#34;pip&#34; installer into an existing Python

  624. installation or virtual environment.</em></td></tr>

  625.      <tr>

  626.        <td></td>

  627.        <td>

  628.        <a href="library/enum.html#module-enum"><code class="xref">enum</code></a></td><td>

  629.        <em>Implementation of an enumeration class.</em></td></tr>

  630.      <tr>

  631.        <td></td>

  632.        <td>

  633.        <a href="library/errno.html#module-errno"><code class="xref">errno</code></a></td><td>

  634.        <em>Standard errno system symbols.</em></td></tr>

  635.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  636.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-f"><td></td><td>

  637.        <strong>f</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  638.      <tr>

  639.        <td></td>

  640.        <td>

  641.        <a href="library/faulthandler.html#module-faulthandler"><code class="xref">faulthandler</code></a></td><td>

  642.        <em>Dump the Python traceback.</em></td></tr>

  643.      <tr>

  644.        <td></td>

  645.        <td>

  646.        <a href="library/fcntl.html#module-fcntl"><code class="xref">fcntl</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  647.        <em>The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls.</em></td></tr>

  648.      <tr>

  649.        <td></td>

  650.        <td>

  651.        <a href="library/filecmp.html#module-filecmp"><code class="xref">filecmp</code></a></td><td>

  652.        <em>Compare files efficiently.</em></td></tr>

  653.      <tr>

  654.        <td></td>

  655.        <td>

  656.        <a href="library/fileinput.html#module-fileinput"><code class="xref">fileinput</code></a></td><td>

  657.        <em>Loop over standard input or a list of files.</em></td></tr>

  658.      <tr>

  659.        <td></td>

  660.        <td>

  661.        <a href="library/fnmatch.html#module-fnmatch"><code class="xref">fnmatch</code></a></td><td>

  662.        <em>Unix shell style filename pattern matching.</em></td></tr>

  663.      <tr>

  664.        <td></td>

  665.        <td>

  666.        <a href="library/fractions.html#module-fractions"><code class="xref">fractions</code></a></td><td>

  667.        <em>Rational numbers.</em></td></tr>

  668.      <tr>

  669.        <td></td>

  670.        <td>

  671.        <a href="library/ftplib.html#module-ftplib"><code class="xref">ftplib</code></a></td><td>

  672.        <em>FTP protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>

  673.      <tr>

  674.        <td></td>

  675.        <td>

  676.        <a href="library/functools.html#module-functools"><code class="xref">functools</code></a></td><td>

  677.        <em>Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.</em></td></tr>

  678.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  679.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-g"><td></td><td>

  680.        <strong>g</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  681.      <tr>

  682.        <td></td>

  683.        <td>

  684.        <a href="library/gc.html#module-gc"><code class="xref">gc</code></a></td><td>

  685.        <em>Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.</em></td></tr>

  686.      <tr>

  687.        <td></td>

  688.        <td>

  689.        <a href="library/getopt.html#module-getopt"><code class="xref">getopt</code></a></td><td>

  690.        <em>Portable parser for command line options; support both short and

  691. long option names.</em></td></tr>

  692.      <tr>

  693.        <td></td>

  694.        <td>

  695.        <a href="library/getpass.html#module-getpass"><code class="xref">getpass</code></a></td><td>

  696.        <em>Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid.</em></td></tr>

  697.      <tr>

  698.        <td></td>

  699.        <td>

  700.        <a href="library/gettext.html#module-gettext"><code class="xref">gettext</code></a></td><td>

  701.        <em>Multilingual internationalization services.</em></td></tr>

  702.      <tr>

  703.        <td></td>

  704.        <td>

  705.        <a href="library/glob.html#module-glob"><code class="xref">glob</code></a></td><td>

  706.        <em>Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.</em></td></tr>

  707.      <tr>

  708.        <td></td>

  709.        <td>

  710.        <a href="library/graphlib.html#module-graphlib"><code class="xref">graphlib</code></a></td><td>

  711.        <em>Functionality to operate with graph-like structures</em></td></tr>

  712.      <tr>

  713.        <td></td>

  714.        <td>

  715.        <a href="library/grp.html#module-grp"><code class="xref">grp</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  716.        <em>The group database (getgrnam() and friends).</em></td></tr>

  717.      <tr>

  718.        <td></td>

  719.        <td>

  720.        <a href="library/gzip.html#module-gzip"><code class="xref">gzip</code></a></td><td>

  721.        <em>Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects.</em></td></tr>

  722.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  723.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-h"><td></td><td>

  724.        <strong>h</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  725.      <tr>

  726.        <td></td>

  727.        <td>

  728.        <a href="library/hashlib.html#module-hashlib"><code class="xref">hashlib</code></a></td><td>

  729.        <em>Secure hash and message digest algorithms.</em></td></tr>

  730.      <tr>

  731.        <td></td>

  732.        <td>

  733.        <a href="library/heapq.html#module-heapq"><code class="xref">heapq</code></a></td><td>

  734.        <em>Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue).</em></td></tr>

  735.      <tr>

  736.        <td></td>

  737.        <td>

  738.        <a href="library/hmac.html#module-hmac"><code class="xref">hmac</code></a></td><td>

  739.        <em>Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation</em></td></tr>

  740.      <tr>

  741.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  742.               id="toggle-7" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  743.        <td>

  744.        <a href="library/html.html#module-html"><code class="xref">html</code></a></td><td>

  745.        <em>Helpers for manipulating HTML.</em></td></tr>

  746.      <tr class="cg-7">

  747.        <td></td>

  748.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  749.        <a href="library/html.entities.html#module-html.entities"><code class="xref">html.entities</code></a></td><td>

  750.        <em>Definitions of HTML general entities.</em></td></tr>

  751.      <tr class="cg-7">

  752.        <td></td>

  753.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  754.        <a href="library/html.parser.html#module-html.parser"><code class="xref">html.parser</code></a></td><td>

  755.        <em>A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML.</em></td></tr>

  756.      <tr>

  757.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  758.               id="toggle-8" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  759.        <td>

  760.        <a href="library/http.html#module-http"><code class="xref">http</code></a></td><td>

  761.        <em>HTTP status codes and messages</em></td></tr>

  762.      <tr class="cg-8">

  763.        <td></td>

  764.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  765.        <a href="library/http.client.html#module-http.client"><code class="xref">http.client</code></a></td><td>

  766.        <em>HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>

  767.      <tr class="cg-8">

  768.        <td></td>

  769.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  770.        <a href="library/http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar"><code class="xref">http.cookiejar</code></a></td><td>

  771.        <em>Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies.</em></td></tr>

  772.      <tr class="cg-8">

  773.        <td></td>

  774.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  775.        <a href="library/http.cookies.html#module-http.cookies"><code class="xref">http.cookies</code></a></td><td>

  776.        <em>Support for HTTP state management (cookies).</em></td></tr>

  777.      <tr class="cg-8">

  778.        <td></td>

  779.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  780.        <a href="library/http.server.html#module-http.server"><code class="xref">http.server</code></a></td><td>

  781.        <em>HTTP server and request handlers.</em></td></tr>

  782.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  783.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-i"><td></td><td>

  784.        <strong>i</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  785.      <tr>

  786.        <td></td>

  787.        <td>

  788.        <a href="library/idle.html#module-idlelib"><code class="xref">idlelib</code></a></td><td>

  789.        <em>Implementation package for the IDLE shell/editor.</em></td></tr>

  790.      <tr>

  791.        <td></td>

  792.        <td>

  793.        <a href="library/imaplib.html#module-imaplib"><code class="xref">imaplib</code></a></td><td>

  794.        <em>IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>

  795.      <tr>

  796.        <td></td>

  797.        <td>

  798.        <a href="library/imghdr.html#module-imghdr"><code class="xref">imghdr</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  799.        <em>Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream.</em></td></tr>

  800.      <tr>

  801.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  802.               id="toggle-9" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  803.        <td>

  804.        <a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib"><code class="xref">importlib</code></a></td><td>

  805.        <em>The implementation of the import machinery.</em></td></tr>

  806.      <tr class="cg-9">

  807.        <td></td>

  808.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  809.        <a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.abc"><code class="xref">importlib.abc</code></a></td><td>

  810.        <em>Abstract base classes related to import</em></td></tr>

  811.      <tr class="cg-9">

  812.        <td></td>

  813.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  814.        <a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.machinery"><code class="xref">importlib.machinery</code></a></td><td>

  815.        <em>Importers and path hooks</em></td></tr>

  816.      <tr class="cg-9">

  817.        <td></td>

  818.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  819.        <a href="library/importlib.metadata.html#module-importlib.metadata"><code class="xref">importlib.metadata</code></a></td><td>

  820.        <em>Accessing package metadata</em></td></tr>

  821.      <tr class="cg-9">

  822.        <td></td>

  823.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  824.        <a href="library/importlib.resources.html#module-importlib.resources"><code class="xref">importlib.resources</code></a></td><td>

  825.        <em>Package resource reading, opening, and access</em></td></tr>

  826.      <tr class="cg-9">

  827.        <td></td>

  828.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  829.        <a href="library/importlib.resources.abc.html#module-importlib.resources.abc"><code class="xref">importlib.resources.abc</code></a></td><td>

  830.        <em>Abstract base classes for resources</em></td></tr>

  831.      <tr class="cg-9">

  832.        <td></td>

  833.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  834.        <a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.util"><code class="xref">importlib.util</code></a></td><td>

  835.        <em>Utility code for importers</em></td></tr>

  836.      <tr>

  837.        <td></td>

  838.        <td>

  839.        <a href="library/inspect.html#module-inspect"><code class="xref">inspect</code></a></td><td>

  840.        <em>Extract information and source code from live objects.</em></td></tr>

  841.      <tr>

  842.        <td></td>

  843.        <td>

  844.        <a href="library/io.html#module-io"><code class="xref">io</code></a></td><td>

  845.        <em>Core tools for working with streams.</em></td></tr>

  846.      <tr>

  847.        <td></td>

  848.        <td>

  849.        <a href="library/ipaddress.html#module-ipaddress"><code class="xref">ipaddress</code></a></td><td>

  850.        <em>IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library.</em></td></tr>

  851.      <tr>

  852.        <td></td>

  853.        <td>

  854.        <a href="library/itertools.html#module-itertools"><code class="xref">itertools</code></a></td><td>

  855.        <em>Functions creating iterators for efficient looping.</em></td></tr>

  856.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  857.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-j"><td></td><td>

  858.        <strong>j</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  859.      <tr>

  860.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  861.               id="toggle-10" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  862.        <td>

  863.        <a href="library/json.html#module-json"><code class="xref">json</code></a></td><td>

  864.        <em>Encode and decode the JSON format.</em></td></tr>

  865.      <tr class="cg-10">

  866.        <td></td>

  867.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  868.        <a href="library/json.html#module-json.tool"><code class="xref">json.tool</code></a></td><td>

  869.        <em>A command line to validate and pretty-print JSON.</em></td></tr>

  870.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  871.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-k"><td></td><td>

  872.        <strong>k</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  873.      <tr>

  874.        <td></td>

  875.        <td>

  876.        <a href="library/keyword.html#module-keyword"><code class="xref">keyword</code></a></td><td>

  877.        <em>Test whether a string is a keyword in Python.</em></td></tr>

  878.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  879.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-l"><td></td><td>

  880.        <strong>l</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  881.      <tr>

  882.        <td></td>

  883.        <td>

  884.        <a href="library/2to3.html#module-lib2to3"><code class="xref">lib2to3</code></a></td><td>

  885.        <em>The 2to3 library</em></td></tr>

  886.      <tr>

  887.        <td></td>

  888.        <td>

  889.        <a href="library/linecache.html#module-linecache"><code class="xref">linecache</code></a></td><td>

  890.        <em>Provides random access to individual lines from text files.</em></td></tr>

  891.      <tr>

  892.        <td></td>

  893.        <td>

  894.        <a href="library/locale.html#module-locale"><code class="xref">locale</code></a></td><td>

  895.        <em>Internationalization services.</em></td></tr>

  896.      <tr>

  897.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  898.               id="toggle-11" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  899.        <td>

  900.        <a href="library/logging.html#module-logging"><code class="xref">logging</code></a></td><td>

  901.        <em>Flexible event logging system for applications.</em></td></tr>

  902.      <tr class="cg-11">

  903.        <td></td>

  904.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  905.        <a href="library/logging.config.html#module-logging.config"><code class="xref">logging.config</code></a></td><td>

  906.        <em>Configuration of the logging module.</em></td></tr>

  907.      <tr class="cg-11">

  908.        <td></td>

  909.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  910.        <a href="library/logging.handlers.html#module-logging.handlers"><code class="xref">logging.handlers</code></a></td><td>

  911.        <em>Handlers for the logging module.</em></td></tr>

  912.      <tr>

  913.        <td></td>

  914.        <td>

  915.        <a href="library/lzma.html#module-lzma"><code class="xref">lzma</code></a></td><td>

  916.        <em>A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library.</em></td></tr>

  917.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  918.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-m"><td></td><td>

  919.        <strong>m</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  920.      <tr>

  921.        <td></td>

  922.        <td>

  923.        <a href="library/mailbox.html#module-mailbox"><code class="xref">mailbox</code></a></td><td>

  924.        <em>Manipulate mailboxes in various formats</em></td></tr>

  925.      <tr>

  926.        <td></td>

  927.        <td>

  928.        <a href="library/mailcap.html#module-mailcap"><code class="xref">mailcap</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  929.        <em>Mailcap file handling.</em></td></tr>

  930.      <tr>

  931.        <td></td>

  932.        <td>

  933.        <a href="library/marshal.html#module-marshal"><code class="xref">marshal</code></a></td><td>

  934.        <em>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different

  935. constraints).</em></td></tr>

  936.      <tr>

  937.        <td></td>

  938.        <td>

  939.        <a href="library/math.html#module-math"><code class="xref">math</code></a></td><td>

  940.        <em>Mathematical functions (sin() etc.).</em></td></tr>

  941.      <tr>

  942.        <td></td>

  943.        <td>

  944.        <a href="library/mimetypes.html#module-mimetypes"><code class="xref">mimetypes</code></a></td><td>

  945.        <em>Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types.</em></td></tr>

  946.      <tr>

  947.        <td></td>

  948.        <td>

  949.        <a href="library/mmap.html#module-mmap"><code class="xref">mmap</code></a></td><td>

  950.        <em>Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows.</em></td></tr>

  951.      <tr>

  952.        <td></td>

  953.        <td>

  954.        <a href="library/modulefinder.html#module-modulefinder"><code class="xref">modulefinder</code></a></td><td>

  955.        <em>Find modules used by a script.</em></td></tr>

  956.      <tr>

  957.        <td></td>

  958.        <td>

  959.        <a href="library/msilib.html#module-msilib"><code class="xref">msilib</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  960.        <em>Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files.</em></td></tr>

  961.      <tr>

  962.        <td></td>

  963.        <td>

  964.        <a href="library/msvcrt.html#module-msvcrt"><code class="xref">msvcrt</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>

  965.        <em>Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime.</em></td></tr>

  966.      <tr>

  967.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  968.               id="toggle-12" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  969.        <td>

  970.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing"><code class="xref">multiprocessing</code></a></td><td>

  971.        <em>Process-based parallelism.</em></td></tr>

  972.      <tr class="cg-12">

  973.        <td></td>

  974.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  975.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.connection"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.connection</code></a></td><td>

  976.        <em>API for dealing with sockets.</em></td></tr>

  977.      <tr class="cg-12">

  978.        <td></td>

  979.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  980.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.dummy"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.dummy</code></a></td><td>

  981.        <em>Dumb wrapper around threading.</em></td></tr>

  982.      <tr class="cg-12">

  983.        <td></td>

  984.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  985.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.managers"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.managers</code></a></td><td>

  986.        <em>Share data between process with shared objects.</em></td></tr>

  987.      <tr class="cg-12">

  988.        <td></td>

  989.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  990.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.pool"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.pool</code></a></td><td>

  991.        <em>Create pools of processes.</em></td></tr>

  992.      <tr class="cg-12">

  993.        <td></td>

  994.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  995.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.shared_memory.html#module-multiprocessing.shared_memory"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.shared_memory</code></a></td><td>

  996.        <em>Provides shared memory for direct access across processes.</em></td></tr>

  997.      <tr class="cg-12">

  998.        <td></td>

  999.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1000.        <a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.sharedctypes"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.sharedctypes</code></a></td><td>

  1001.        <em>Allocate ctypes objects from shared memory.</em></td></tr>

  1002.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1003.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-n"><td></td><td>

  1004.        <strong>n</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1005.      <tr>

  1006.        <td></td>

  1007.        <td>

  1008.        <a href="library/netrc.html#module-netrc"><code class="xref">netrc</code></a></td><td>

  1009.        <em>Loading of .netrc files.</em></td></tr>

  1010.      <tr>

  1011.        <td></td>

  1012.        <td>

  1013.        <a href="library/nis.html#module-nis"><code class="xref">nis</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1014.        <em>Interface to Sun&#39;s NIS (Yellow Pages) library.</em></td></tr>

  1015.      <tr>

  1016.        <td></td>

  1017.        <td>

  1018.        <a href="library/nntplib.html#module-nntplib"><code class="xref">nntplib</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1019.        <em>NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>

  1020.      <tr>

  1021.        <td></td>

  1022.        <td>

  1023.        <a href="library/numbers.html#module-numbers"><code class="xref">numbers</code></a></td><td>

  1024.        <em>Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.).</em></td></tr>

  1025.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1026.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-o"><td></td><td>

  1027.        <strong>o</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1028.      <tr>

  1029.        <td></td>

  1030.        <td>

  1031.        <a href="library/operator.html#module-operator"><code class="xref">operator</code></a></td><td>

  1032.        <em>Functions corresponding to the standard operators.</em></td></tr>

  1033.      <tr>

  1034.        <td></td>

  1035.        <td>

  1036.        <a href="library/optparse.html#module-optparse"><code class="xref">optparse</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1037.        <em>Command-line option parsing library.</em></td></tr>

  1038.      <tr>

  1039.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1040.               id="toggle-13" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1041.        <td>

  1042.        <a href="library/os.html#module-os"><code class="xref">os</code></a></td><td>

  1043.        <em>Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.</em></td></tr>

  1044.      <tr class="cg-13">

  1045.        <td></td>

  1046.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1047.        <a href="library/os.path.html#module-os.path"><code class="xref">os.path</code></a></td><td>

  1048.        <em>Operations on pathnames.</em></td></tr>

  1049.      <tr>

  1050.        <td></td>

  1051.        <td>

  1052.        <a href="library/ossaudiodev.html#module-ossaudiodev"><code class="xref">ossaudiodev</code></a> <em>(Linux, FreeBSD)</em></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1053.        <em>Access to OSS-compatible audio devices.</em></td></tr>

  1054.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1055.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-p"><td></td><td>

  1056.        <strong>p</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1057.      <tr>

  1058.        <td></td>

  1059.        <td>

  1060.        <a href="library/pathlib.html#module-pathlib"><code class="xref">pathlib</code></a></td><td>

  1061.        <em>Object-oriented filesystem paths</em></td></tr>

  1062.      <tr>

  1063.        <td></td>

  1064.        <td>

  1065.        <a href="library/pdb.html#module-pdb"><code class="xref">pdb</code></a></td><td>

  1066.        <em>The Python debugger for interactive interpreters.</em></td></tr>

  1067.      <tr>

  1068.        <td></td>

  1069.        <td>

  1070.        <a href="library/pickle.html#module-pickle"><code class="xref">pickle</code></a></td><td>

  1071.        <em>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.</em></td></tr>

  1072.      <tr>

  1073.        <td></td>

  1074.        <td>

  1075.        <a href="library/pickletools.html#module-pickletools"><code class="xref">pickletools</code></a></td><td>

  1076.        <em>Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and

  1077. pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.</em></td></tr>

  1078.      <tr>

  1079.        <td></td>

  1080.        <td>

  1081.        <a href="library/pipes.html#module-pipes"><code class="xref">pipes</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1082.        <em>A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines.</em></td></tr>

  1083.      <tr>

  1084.        <td></td>

  1085.        <td>

  1086.        <a href="library/pkgutil.html#module-pkgutil"><code class="xref">pkgutil</code></a></td><td>

  1087.        <em>Utilities for the import system.</em></td></tr>

  1088.      <tr>

  1089.        <td></td>

  1090.        <td>

  1091.        <a href="library/platform.html#module-platform"><code class="xref">platform</code></a></td><td>

  1092.        <em>Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.</em></td></tr>

  1093.      <tr>

  1094.        <td></td>

  1095.        <td>

  1096.        <a href="library/plistlib.html#module-plistlib"><code class="xref">plistlib</code></a></td><td>

  1097.        <em>Generate and parse Apple plist files.</em></td></tr>

  1098.      <tr>

  1099.        <td></td>

  1100.        <td>

  1101.        <a href="library/poplib.html#module-poplib"><code class="xref">poplib</code></a></td><td>

  1102.        <em>POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>

  1103.      <tr>

  1104.        <td></td>

  1105.        <td>

  1106.        <a href="library/posix.html#module-posix"><code class="xref">posix</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1107.        <em>The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os).</em></td></tr>

  1108.      <tr>

  1109.        <td></td>

  1110.        <td>

  1111.        <a href="library/pprint.html#module-pprint"><code class="xref">pprint</code></a></td><td>

  1112.        <em>Data pretty printer.</em></td></tr>

  1113.      <tr>

  1114.        <td></td>

  1115.        <td>

  1116.        <a href="library/profile.html#module-profile"><code class="xref">profile</code></a></td><td>

  1117.        <em>Python source profiler.</em></td></tr>

  1118.      <tr>

  1119.        <td></td>

  1120.        <td>

  1121.        <a href="library/profile.html#module-pstats"><code class="xref">pstats</code></a></td><td>

  1122.        <em>Statistics object for use with the profiler.</em></td></tr>

  1123.      <tr>

  1124.        <td></td>

  1125.        <td>

  1126.        <a href="library/pty.html#module-pty"><code class="xref">pty</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1127.        <em>Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Unix.</em></td></tr>

  1128.      <tr>

  1129.        <td></td>

  1130.        <td>

  1131.        <a href="library/pwd.html#module-pwd"><code class="xref">pwd</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1132.        <em>The password database (getpwnam() and friends).</em></td></tr>

  1133.      <tr>

  1134.        <td></td>

  1135.        <td>

  1136.        <a href="library/py_compile.html#module-py_compile"><code class="xref">py_compile</code></a></td><td>

  1137.        <em>Generate byte-code files from Python source files.</em></td></tr>

  1138.      <tr>

  1139.        <td></td>

  1140.        <td>

  1141.        <a href="library/pyclbr.html#module-pyclbr"><code class="xref">pyclbr</code></a></td><td>

  1142.        <em>Supports information extraction for a Python module browser.</em></td></tr>

  1143.      <tr>

  1144.        <td></td>

  1145.        <td>

  1146.        <a href="library/pydoc.html#module-pydoc"><code class="xref">pydoc</code></a></td><td>

  1147.        <em>Documentation generator and online help system.</em></td></tr>

  1148.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1149.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-q"><td></td><td>

  1150.        <strong>q</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1151.      <tr>

  1152.        <td></td>

  1153.        <td>

  1154.        <a href="library/queue.html#module-queue"><code class="xref">queue</code></a></td><td>

  1155.        <em>A synchronized queue class.</em></td></tr>

  1156.      <tr>

  1157.        <td></td>

  1158.        <td>

  1159.        <a href="library/quopri.html#module-quopri"><code class="xref">quopri</code></a></td><td>

  1160.        <em>Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding.</em></td></tr>

  1161.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1162.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-r"><td></td><td>

  1163.        <strong>r</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1164.      <tr>

  1165.        <td></td>

  1166.        <td>

  1167.        <a href="library/random.html#module-random"><code class="xref">random</code></a></td><td>

  1168.        <em>Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions.</em></td></tr>

  1169.      <tr>

  1170.        <td></td>

  1171.        <td>

  1172.        <a href="library/re.html#module-re"><code class="xref">re</code></a></td><td>

  1173.        <em>Regular expression operations.</em></td></tr>

  1174.      <tr>

  1175.        <td></td>

  1176.        <td>

  1177.        <a href="library/readline.html#module-readline"><code class="xref">readline</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1178.        <em>GNU readline support for Python.</em></td></tr>

  1179.      <tr>

  1180.        <td></td>

  1181.        <td>

  1182.        <a href="library/reprlib.html#module-reprlib"><code class="xref">reprlib</code></a></td><td>

  1183.        <em>Alternate repr() implementation with size limits.</em></td></tr>

  1184.      <tr>

  1185.        <td></td>

  1186.        <td>

  1187.        <a href="library/resource.html#module-resource"><code class="xref">resource</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1188.        <em>An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process.</em></td></tr>

  1189.      <tr>

  1190.        <td></td>

  1191.        <td>

  1192.        <a href="library/rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter"><code class="xref">rlcompleter</code></a></td><td>

  1193.        <em>Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library.</em></td></tr>

  1194.      <tr>

  1195.        <td></td>

  1196.        <td>

  1197.        <a href="library/runpy.html#module-runpy"><code class="xref">runpy</code></a></td><td>

  1198.        <em>Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.</em></td></tr>

  1199.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1200.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-s"><td></td><td>

  1201.        <strong>s</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1202.      <tr>

  1203.        <td></td>

  1204.        <td>

  1205.        <a href="library/sched.html#module-sched"><code class="xref">sched</code></a></td><td>

  1206.        <em>General purpose event scheduler.</em></td></tr>

  1207.      <tr>

  1208.        <td></td>

  1209.        <td>

  1210.        <a href="library/secrets.html#module-secrets"><code class="xref">secrets</code></a></td><td>

  1211.        <em>Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets.</em></td></tr>

  1212.      <tr>

  1213.        <td></td>

  1214.        <td>

  1215.        <a href="library/select.html#module-select"><code class="xref">select</code></a></td><td>

  1216.        <em>Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams.</em></td></tr>

  1217.      <tr>

  1218.        <td></td>

  1219.        <td>

  1220.        <a href="library/selectors.html#module-selectors"><code class="xref">selectors</code></a></td><td>

  1221.        <em>High-level I/O multiplexing.</em></td></tr>

  1222.      <tr>

  1223.        <td></td>

  1224.        <td>

  1225.        <a href="library/shelve.html#module-shelve"><code class="xref">shelve</code></a></td><td>

  1226.        <em>Python object persistence.</em></td></tr>

  1227.      <tr>

  1228.        <td></td>

  1229.        <td>

  1230.        <a href="library/shlex.html#module-shlex"><code class="xref">shlex</code></a></td><td>

  1231.        <em>Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages.</em></td></tr>

  1232.      <tr>

  1233.        <td></td>

  1234.        <td>

  1235.        <a href="library/shutil.html#module-shutil"><code class="xref">shutil</code></a></td><td>

  1236.        <em>High-level file operations, including copying.</em></td></tr>

  1237.      <tr>

  1238.        <td></td>

  1239.        <td>

  1240.        <a href="library/signal.html#module-signal"><code class="xref">signal</code></a></td><td>

  1241.        <em>Set handlers for asynchronous events.</em></td></tr>

  1242.      <tr>

  1243.        <td></td>

  1244.        <td>

  1245.        <a href="library/site.html#module-site"><code class="xref">site</code></a></td><td>

  1246.        <em>Module responsible for site-specific configuration.</em></td></tr>

  1247.      <tr>

  1248.        <td></td>

  1249.        <td>

  1250.        <a href="library/site.html#module-sitecustomize"><code class="xref">sitecustomize</code></a></td><td>

  1251.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1252.      <tr>

  1253.        <td></td>

  1254.        <td>

  1255.        <a href="library/smtplib.html#module-smtplib"><code class="xref">smtplib</code></a></td><td>

  1256.        <em>SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>

  1257.      <tr>

  1258.        <td></td>

  1259.        <td>

  1260.        <a href="library/sndhdr.html#module-sndhdr"><code class="xref">sndhdr</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1261.        <em>Determine type of a sound file.</em></td></tr>

  1262.      <tr>

  1263.        <td></td>

  1264.        <td>

  1265.        <a href="library/socket.html#module-socket"><code class="xref">socket</code></a></td><td>

  1266.        <em>Low-level networking interface.</em></td></tr>

  1267.      <tr>

  1268.        <td></td>

  1269.        <td>

  1270.        <a href="library/socketserver.html#module-socketserver"><code class="xref">socketserver</code></a></td><td>

  1271.        <em>A framework for network servers.</em></td></tr>

  1272.      <tr>

  1273.        <td></td>

  1274.        <td>

  1275.        <a href="library/spwd.html#module-spwd"><code class="xref">spwd</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1276.        <em>The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends).</em></td></tr>

  1277.      <tr>

  1278.        <td></td>

  1279.        <td>

  1280.        <a href="library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3"><code class="xref">sqlite3</code></a></td><td>

  1281.        <em>A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x.</em></td></tr>

  1282.      <tr>

  1283.        <td></td>

  1284.        <td>

  1285.        <a href="library/ssl.html#module-ssl"><code class="xref">ssl</code></a></td><td>

  1286.        <em>TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects</em></td></tr>

  1287.      <tr>

  1288.        <td></td>

  1289.        <td>

  1290.        <a href="library/stat.html#module-stat"><code class="xref">stat</code></a></td><td>

  1291.        <em>Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(),

  1292. os.lstat() and os.fstat().</em></td></tr>

  1293.      <tr>

  1294.        <td></td>

  1295.        <td>

  1296.        <a href="library/statistics.html#module-statistics"><code class="xref">statistics</code></a></td><td>

  1297.        <em>Mathematical statistics functions</em></td></tr>

  1298.      <tr>

  1299.        <td></td>

  1300.        <td>

  1301.        <a href="library/string.html#module-string"><code class="xref">string</code></a></td><td>

  1302.        <em>Common string operations.</em></td></tr>

  1303.      <tr>

  1304.        <td></td>

  1305.        <td>

  1306.        <a href="library/stringprep.html#module-stringprep"><code class="xref">stringprep</code></a></td><td>

  1307.        <em>String preparation, as per RFC 3453</em></td></tr>

  1308.      <tr>

  1309.        <td></td>

  1310.        <td>

  1311.        <a href="library/struct.html#module-struct"><code class="xref">struct</code></a></td><td>

  1312.        <em>Interpret bytes as packed binary data.</em></td></tr>

  1313.      <tr>

  1314.        <td></td>

  1315.        <td>

  1316.        <a href="library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess"><code class="xref">subprocess</code></a></td><td>

  1317.        <em>Subprocess management.</em></td></tr>

  1318.      <tr>

  1319.        <td></td>

  1320.        <td>

  1321.        <a href="library/sunau.html#module-sunau"><code class="xref">sunau</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1322.        <em>Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format.</em></td></tr>

  1323.      <tr>

  1324.        <td></td>

  1325.        <td>

  1326.        <a href="library/symtable.html#module-symtable"><code class="xref">symtable</code></a></td><td>

  1327.        <em>Interface to the compiler&#39;s internal symbol tables.</em></td></tr>

  1328.      <tr>

  1329.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1330.               id="toggle-14" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1331.        <td>

  1332.        <a href="library/sys.html#module-sys"><code class="xref">sys</code></a></td><td>

  1333.        <em>Access system-specific parameters and functions.</em></td></tr>

  1334.      <tr class="cg-14">

  1335.        <td></td>

  1336.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1337.        <a href="library/sys.monitoring.html#module-sys.monitoring"><code class="xref">sys.monitoring</code></a></td><td>

  1338.        <em>Access and control event monitoring</em></td></tr>

  1339.      <tr>

  1340.        <td></td>

  1341.        <td>

  1342.        <a href="library/sysconfig.html#module-sysconfig"><code class="xref">sysconfig</code></a></td><td>

  1343.        <em>Python&#39;s configuration information</em></td></tr>

  1344.      <tr>

  1345.        <td></td>

  1346.        <td>

  1347.        <a href="library/syslog.html#module-syslog"><code class="xref">syslog</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1348.        <em>An interface to the Unix syslog library routines.</em></td></tr>

  1349.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1350.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-t"><td></td><td>

  1351.        <strong>t</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1352.      <tr>

  1353.        <td></td>

  1354.        <td>

  1355.        <a href="library/tabnanny.html#module-tabnanny"><code class="xref">tabnanny</code></a></td><td>

  1356.        <em>Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python

  1357. source files in a directory tree.</em></td></tr>

  1358.      <tr>

  1359.        <td></td>

  1360.        <td>

  1361.        <a href="library/tarfile.html#module-tarfile"><code class="xref">tarfile</code></a></td><td>

  1362.        <em>Read and write tar-format archive files.</em></td></tr>

  1363.      <tr>

  1364.        <td></td>

  1365.        <td>

  1366.        <a href="library/telnetlib.html#module-telnetlib"><code class="xref">telnetlib</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1367.        <em>Telnet client class.</em></td></tr>

  1368.      <tr>

  1369.        <td></td>

  1370.        <td>

  1371.        <a href="library/tempfile.html#module-tempfile"><code class="xref">tempfile</code></a></td><td>

  1372.        <em>Generate temporary files and directories.</em></td></tr>

  1373.      <tr>

  1374.        <td></td>

  1375.        <td>

  1376.        <a href="library/termios.html#module-termios"><code class="xref">termios</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1377.        <em>POSIX style tty control.</em></td></tr>

  1378.      <tr>

  1379.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1380.               id="toggle-15" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1381.        <td>

  1382.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test"><code class="xref">test</code></a></td><td>

  1383.        <em>Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python.</em></td></tr>

  1384.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1385.        <td></td>

  1386.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1387.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.regrtest"><code class="xref">test.regrtest</code></a></td><td>

  1388.        <em>Drives the regression test suite.</em></td></tr>

  1389.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1390.        <td></td>

  1391.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1392.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support"><code class="xref">test.support</code></a></td><td>

  1393.        <em>Support for Python&#39;s regression test suite.</em></td></tr>

  1394.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1395.        <td></td>

  1396.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1397.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.bytecode_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.bytecode_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1398.        <em>Support tools for testing correct bytecode generation.</em></td></tr>

  1399.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1400.        <td></td>

  1401.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1402.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.import_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.import_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1403.        <em>Support for import tests.</em></td></tr>

  1404.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1405.        <td></td>

  1406.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1407.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.os_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.os_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1408.        <em>Support for os tests.</em></td></tr>

  1409.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1410.        <td></td>

  1411.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1412.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.script_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.script_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1413.        <em>Support for Python&#39;s script execution tests.</em></td></tr>

  1414.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1415.        <td></td>

  1416.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1417.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.socket_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.socket_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1418.        <em>Support for socket tests.</em></td></tr>

  1419.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1420.        <td></td>

  1421.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1422.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.threading_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.threading_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1423.        <em>Support for threading tests.</em></td></tr>

  1424.      <tr class="cg-15">

  1425.        <td></td>

  1426.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1427.        <a href="library/test.html#module-test.support.warnings_helper"><code class="xref">test.support.warnings_helper</code></a></td><td>

  1428.        <em>Support for warnings tests.</em></td></tr>

  1429.      <tr>

  1430.        <td></td>

  1431.        <td>

  1432.        <a href="library/textwrap.html#module-textwrap"><code class="xref">textwrap</code></a></td><td>

  1433.        <em>Text wrapping and filling</em></td></tr>

  1434.      <tr>

  1435.        <td></td>

  1436.        <td>

  1437.        <a href="library/threading.html#module-threading"><code class="xref">threading</code></a></td><td>

  1438.        <em>Thread-based parallelism.</em></td></tr>

  1439.      <tr>

  1440.        <td></td>

  1441.        <td>

  1442.        <a href="library/time.html#module-time"><code class="xref">time</code></a></td><td>

  1443.        <em>Time access and conversions.</em></td></tr>

  1444.      <tr>

  1445.        <td></td>

  1446.        <td>

  1447.        <a href="library/timeit.html#module-timeit"><code class="xref">timeit</code></a></td><td>

  1448.        <em>Measure the execution time of small code snippets.</em></td></tr>

  1449.      <tr>

  1450.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1451.               id="toggle-16" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1452.        <td>

  1453.        <a href="library/tkinter.html#module-tkinter"><code class="xref">tkinter</code></a></td><td>

  1454.        <em>Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces</em></td></tr>

  1455.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1456.        <td></td>

  1457.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1458.        <a href="library/tkinter.colorchooser.html#module-tkinter.colorchooser"><code class="xref">tkinter.colorchooser</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1459.        <em>Color choosing dialog</em></td></tr>

  1460.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1461.        <td></td>

  1462.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1463.        <a href="library/dialog.html#module-tkinter.commondialog"><code class="xref">tkinter.commondialog</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1464.        <em>Tkinter base class for dialogs</em></td></tr>

  1465.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1466.        <td></td>

  1467.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1468.        <a href="library/tkinter.dnd.html#module-tkinter.dnd"><code class="xref">tkinter.dnd</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1469.        <em>Tkinter drag-and-drop interface</em></td></tr>

  1470.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1471.        <td></td>

  1472.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1473.        <a href="library/dialog.html#module-tkinter.filedialog"><code class="xref">tkinter.filedialog</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1474.        <em>Dialog classes for file selection</em></td></tr>

  1475.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1476.        <td></td>

  1477.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1478.        <a href="library/tkinter.font.html#module-tkinter.font"><code class="xref">tkinter.font</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1479.        <em>Tkinter font-wrapping class</em></td></tr>

  1480.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1481.        <td></td>

  1482.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1483.        <a href="library/tkinter.messagebox.html#module-tkinter.messagebox"><code class="xref">tkinter.messagebox</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1484.        <em>Various types of alert dialogs</em></td></tr>

  1485.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1486.        <td></td>

  1487.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1488.        <a href="library/tkinter.scrolledtext.html#module-tkinter.scrolledtext"><code class="xref">tkinter.scrolledtext</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1489.        <em>Text widget with a vertical scroll bar.</em></td></tr>

  1490.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1491.        <td></td>

  1492.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1493.        <a href="library/dialog.html#module-tkinter.simpledialog"><code class="xref">tkinter.simpledialog</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>

  1494.        <em>Simple dialog windows</em></td></tr>

  1495.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1496.        <td></td>

  1497.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1498.        <a href="library/tkinter.tix.html#module-tkinter.tix"><code class="xref">tkinter.tix</code></a></td><td>

  1499.        <em>Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter</em></td></tr>

  1500.      <tr class="cg-16">

  1501.        <td></td>

  1502.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1503.        <a href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#module-tkinter.ttk"><code class="xref">tkinter.ttk</code></a></td><td>

  1504.        <em>Tk themed widget set</em></td></tr>

  1505.      <tr>

  1506.        <td></td>

  1507.        <td>

  1508.        <a href="library/token.html#module-token"><code class="xref">token</code></a></td><td>

  1509.        <em>Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree.</em></td></tr>

  1510.      <tr>

  1511.        <td></td>

  1512.        <td>

  1513.        <a href="library/tokenize.html#module-tokenize"><code class="xref">tokenize</code></a></td><td>

  1514.        <em>Lexical scanner for Python source code.</em></td></tr>

  1515.      <tr>

  1516.        <td></td>

  1517.        <td>

  1518.        <a href="library/tomllib.html#module-tomllib"><code class="xref">tomllib</code></a></td><td>

  1519.        <em>Parse TOML files.</em></td></tr>

  1520.      <tr>

  1521.        <td></td>

  1522.        <td>

  1523.        <a href="library/trace.html#module-trace"><code class="xref">trace</code></a></td><td>

  1524.        <em>Trace or track Python statement execution.</em></td></tr>

  1525.      <tr>

  1526.        <td></td>

  1527.        <td>

  1528.        <a href="library/traceback.html#module-traceback"><code class="xref">traceback</code></a></td><td>

  1529.        <em>Print or retrieve a stack traceback.</em></td></tr>

  1530.      <tr>

  1531.        <td></td>

  1532.        <td>

  1533.        <a href="library/tracemalloc.html#module-tracemalloc"><code class="xref">tracemalloc</code></a></td><td>

  1534.        <em>Trace memory allocations.</em></td></tr>

  1535.      <tr>

  1536.        <td></td>

  1537.        <td>

  1538.        <a href="library/tty.html#module-tty"><code class="xref">tty</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>

  1539.        <em>Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations.</em></td></tr>

  1540.      <tr>

  1541.        <td></td>

  1542.        <td>

  1543.        <a href="library/turtle.html#module-turtle"><code class="xref">turtle</code></a></td><td>

  1544.        <em>An educational framework for simple graphics applications</em></td></tr>

  1545.      <tr>

  1546.        <td></td>

  1547.        <td>

  1548.        <a href="library/turtle.html#module-turtledemo"><code class="xref">turtledemo</code></a></td><td>

  1549.        <em>A viewer for example turtle scripts</em></td></tr>

  1550.      <tr>

  1551.        <td></td>

  1552.        <td>

  1553.        <a href="library/types.html#module-types"><code class="xref">types</code></a></td><td>

  1554.        <em>Names for built-in types.</em></td></tr>

  1555.      <tr>

  1556.        <td></td>

  1557.        <td>

  1558.        <a href="library/typing.html#module-typing"><code class="xref">typing</code></a></td><td>

  1559.        <em>Support for type hints (see :pep:`484`).</em></td></tr>

  1560.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1561.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-u"><td></td><td>

  1562.        <strong>u</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1563.      <tr>

  1564.        <td></td>

  1565.        <td>

  1566.        <a href="library/unicodedata.html#module-unicodedata"><code class="xref">unicodedata</code></a></td><td>

  1567.        <em>Access the Unicode Database.</em></td></tr>

  1568.      <tr>

  1569.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1570.               id="toggle-17" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1571.        <td>

  1572.        <a href="library/unittest.html#module-unittest"><code class="xref">unittest</code></a></td><td>

  1573.        <em>Unit testing framework for Python.</em></td></tr>

  1574.      <tr class="cg-17">

  1575.        <td></td>

  1576.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1577.        <a href="library/unittest.mock.html#module-unittest.mock"><code class="xref">unittest.mock</code></a></td><td>

  1578.        <em>Mock object library.</em></td></tr>

  1579.      <tr>

  1580.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1581.               id="toggle-18" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1582.        <td>

  1583.        <a href="library/urllib.html#module-urllib"><code class="xref">urllib</code></a></td><td>

  1584.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1585.      <tr class="cg-18">

  1586.        <td></td>

  1587.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1588.        <a href="library/urllib.error.html#module-urllib.error"><code class="xref">urllib.error</code></a></td><td>

  1589.        <em>Exception classes raised by urllib.request.</em></td></tr>

  1590.      <tr class="cg-18">

  1591.        <td></td>

  1592.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1593.        <a href="library/urllib.parse.html#module-urllib.parse"><code class="xref">urllib.parse</code></a></td><td>

  1594.        <em>Parse URLs into or assemble them from components.</em></td></tr>

  1595.      <tr class="cg-18">

  1596.        <td></td>

  1597.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1598.        <a href="library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.request"><code class="xref">urllib.request</code></a></td><td>

  1599.        <em>Extensible library for opening URLs.</em></td></tr>

  1600.      <tr class="cg-18">

  1601.        <td></td>

  1602.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1603.        <a href="library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.response"><code class="xref">urllib.response</code></a></td><td>

  1604.        <em>Response classes used by urllib.</em></td></tr>

  1605.      <tr class="cg-18">

  1606.        <td></td>

  1607.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1608.        <a href="library/urllib.robotparser.html#module-urllib.robotparser"><code class="xref">urllib.robotparser</code></a></td><td>

  1609.        <em>Load a robots.txt file and answer questions about

  1610. fetchability of other URLs.</em></td></tr>

  1611.      <tr>

  1612.        <td></td>

  1613.        <td>

  1614.        <a href="library/site.html#module-usercustomize"><code class="xref">usercustomize</code></a></td><td>

  1615.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1616.      <tr>

  1617.        <td></td>

  1618.        <td>

  1619.        <a href="library/uu.html#module-uu"><code class="xref">uu</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1620.        <em>Encode and decode files in uuencode format.</em></td></tr>

  1621.      <tr>

  1622.        <td></td>

  1623.        <td>

  1624.        <a href="library/uuid.html#module-uuid"><code class="xref">uuid</code></a></td><td>

  1625.        <em>UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122</em></td></tr>

  1626.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1627.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-v"><td></td><td>

  1628.        <strong>v</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1629.      <tr>

  1630.        <td></td>

  1631.        <td>

  1632.        <a href="library/venv.html#module-venv"><code class="xref">venv</code></a></td><td>

  1633.        <em>Creation of virtual environments.</em></td></tr>

  1634.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1635.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-w"><td></td><td>

  1636.        <strong>w</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1637.      <tr>

  1638.        <td></td>

  1639.        <td>

  1640.        <a href="library/warnings.html#module-warnings"><code class="xref">warnings</code></a></td><td>

  1641.        <em>Issue warning messages and control their disposition.</em></td></tr>

  1642.      <tr>

  1643.        <td></td>

  1644.        <td>

  1645.        <a href="library/wave.html#module-wave"><code class="xref">wave</code></a></td><td>

  1646.        <em>Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.</em></td></tr>

  1647.      <tr>

  1648.        <td></td>

  1649.        <td>

  1650.        <a href="library/weakref.html#module-weakref"><code class="xref">weakref</code></a></td><td>

  1651.        <em>Support for weak references and weak dictionaries.</em></td></tr>

  1652.      <tr>

  1653.        <td></td>

  1654.        <td>

  1655.        <a href="library/webbrowser.html#module-webbrowser"><code class="xref">webbrowser</code></a></td><td>

  1656.        <em>Easy-to-use controller for web browsers.</em></td></tr>

  1657.      <tr>

  1658.        <td></td>

  1659.        <td>

  1660.        <a href="library/winreg.html#module-winreg"><code class="xref">winreg</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>

  1661.        <em>Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry.</em></td></tr>

  1662.      <tr>

  1663.        <td></td>

  1664.        <td>

  1665.        <a href="library/winsound.html#module-winsound"><code class="xref">winsound</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>

  1666.        <em>Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows.</em></td></tr>

  1667.      <tr>

  1668.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1669.               id="toggle-19" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1670.        <td>

  1671.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref"><code class="xref">wsgiref</code></a></td><td>

  1672.        <em>WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation.</em></td></tr>

  1673.      <tr class="cg-19">

  1674.        <td></td>

  1675.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1676.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.handlers"><code class="xref">wsgiref.handlers</code></a></td><td>

  1677.        <em>WSGI server/gateway base classes.</em></td></tr>

  1678.      <tr class="cg-19">

  1679.        <td></td>

  1680.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1681.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.headers"><code class="xref">wsgiref.headers</code></a></td><td>

  1682.        <em>WSGI response header tools.</em></td></tr>

  1683.      <tr class="cg-19">

  1684.        <td></td>

  1685.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1686.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.simple_server"><code class="xref">wsgiref.simple_server</code></a></td><td>

  1687.        <em>A simple WSGI HTTP server.</em></td></tr>

  1688.      <tr class="cg-19">

  1689.        <td></td>

  1690.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1691.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.types"><code class="xref">wsgiref.types</code></a></td><td>

  1692.        <em>WSGI types for static type checking</em></td></tr>

  1693.      <tr class="cg-19">

  1694.        <td></td>

  1695.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1696.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.util"><code class="xref">wsgiref.util</code></a></td><td>

  1697.        <em>WSGI environment utilities.</em></td></tr>

  1698.      <tr class="cg-19">

  1699.        <td></td>

  1700.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1701.        <a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.validate"><code class="xref">wsgiref.validate</code></a></td><td>

  1702.        <em>WSGI conformance checker.</em></td></tr>

  1703.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1704.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-x"><td></td><td>

  1705.        <strong>x</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1706.      <tr>

  1707.        <td></td>

  1708.        <td>

  1709.        <a href="library/xdrlib.html#module-xdrlib"><code class="xref">xdrlib</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>

  1710.        <em>Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR).</em></td></tr>

  1711.      <tr>

  1712.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1713.               id="toggle-20" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1714.        <td>

  1715.        <a href="library/xml.html#module-xml"><code class="xref">xml</code></a></td><td>

  1716.        <em>Package containing XML processing modules</em></td></tr>

  1717.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1718.        <td></td>

  1719.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1720.        <a href="library/xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom"><code class="xref">xml.dom</code></a></td><td>

  1721.        <em>Document Object Model API for Python.</em></td></tr>

  1722.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1723.        <td></td>

  1724.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1725.        <a href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html#module-xml.dom.minidom"><code class="xref">xml.dom.minidom</code></a></td><td>

  1726.        <em>Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation.</em></td></tr>

  1727.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1728.        <td></td>

  1729.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1730.        <a href="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html#module-xml.dom.pulldom"><code class="xref">xml.dom.pulldom</code></a></td><td>

  1731.        <em>Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events.</em></td></tr>

  1732.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1733.        <td></td>

  1734.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1735.        <a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementInclude"><code class="xref">xml.etree.ElementInclude</code></a></td><td>

  1736.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1737.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1738.        <td></td>

  1739.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1740.        <a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree"><code class="xref">xml.etree.ElementTree</code></a></td><td>

  1741.        <em>Implementation of the ElementTree API.</em></td></tr>

  1742.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1743.        <td></td>

  1744.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1745.        <a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat"><code class="xref">xml.parsers.expat</code></a></td><td>

  1746.        <em>An interface to the Expat non-validating XML parser.</em></td></tr>

  1747.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1748.        <td></td>

  1749.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1750.        <a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.errors"><code class="xref">xml.parsers.expat.errors</code></a></td><td>

  1751.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1752.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1753.        <td></td>

  1754.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1755.        <a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.model"><code class="xref">xml.parsers.expat.model</code></a></td><td>

  1756.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1757.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1758.        <td></td>

  1759.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1760.        <a href="library/xml.sax.html#module-xml.sax"><code class="xref">xml.sax</code></a></td><td>

  1761.        <em>Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions.</em></td></tr>

  1762.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1763.        <td></td>

  1764.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1765.        <a href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler"><code class="xref">xml.sax.handler</code></a></td><td>

  1766.        <em>Base classes for SAX event handlers.</em></td></tr>

  1767.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1768.        <td></td>

  1769.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1770.        <a href="library/xml.sax.utils.html#module-xml.sax.saxutils"><code class="xref">xml.sax.saxutils</code></a></td><td>

  1771.        <em>Convenience functions and classes for use with SAX.</em></td></tr>

  1772.      <tr class="cg-20">

  1773.        <td></td>

  1774.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1775.        <a href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader"><code class="xref">xml.sax.xmlreader</code></a></td><td>

  1776.        <em>Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement.</em></td></tr>

  1777.      <tr>

  1778.        <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"

  1779.               id="toggle-21" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>

  1780.        <td>

  1781.        <code class="xref">xmlrpc</code></td><td>

  1782.        <em></em></td></tr>

  1783.      <tr class="cg-21">

  1784.        <td></td>

  1785.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1786.        <a href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#module-xmlrpc.client"><code class="xref">xmlrpc.client</code></a></td><td>

  1787.        <em>XML-RPC client access.</em></td></tr>

  1788.      <tr class="cg-21">

  1789.        <td></td>

  1790.        <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;

  1791.        <a href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#module-xmlrpc.server"><code class="xref">xmlrpc.server</code></a></td><td>

  1792.        <em>Basic XML-RPC server implementations.</em></td></tr>

  1793.      <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>

  1794.      <tr class="cap" id="cap-z"><td></td><td>

  1795.        <strong>z</strong></td><td></td></tr>

  1796.      <tr>

  1797.        <td></td>

  1798.        <td>

  1799.        <a href="library/zipapp.html#module-zipapp"><code class="xref">zipapp</code></a></td><td>

  1800.        <em>Manage executable Python zip archives</em></td></tr>

  1801.      <tr>

  1802.        <td></td>

  1803.        <td>

  1804.        <a href="library/zipfile.html#module-zipfile"><code class="xref">zipfile</code></a></td><td>

  1805.        <em>Read and write ZIP-format archive files.</em></td></tr>

  1806.      <tr>

  1807.        <td></td>

  1808.        <td>

  1809.        <a href="library/zipimport.html#module-zipimport"><code class="xref">zipimport</code></a></td><td>

  1810.        <em>Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.</em></td></tr>

  1811.      <tr>

  1812.        <td></td>

  1813.        <td>

  1814.        <a href="library/zlib.html#module-zlib"><code class="xref">zlib</code></a></td><td>

  1815.        <em>Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines

  1816. compatible with gzip.</em></td></tr>

  1817.      <tr>

  1818.        <td></td>

  1819.        <td>

  1820.        <a href="library/zoneinfo.html#module-zoneinfo"><code class="xref">zoneinfo</code></a></td><td>

  1821.        <em>IANA time zone support</em></td></tr>

  1822.    </table>

  1823. 

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