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  192.   <section id="module-xml.sax">

  193. <span id="xml-sax-support-for-sax2-parsers"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> — Support for SAX2 parsers<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.sax" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  194. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py">Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py</a></p>

  195. <hr class="docutils" />

  196. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> package provides a number of modules which implement the

  197. Simple API for XML (SAX) interface for Python.  The package itself provides the

  198. SAX exceptions and the convenience functions which will be most used by users of

  199. the SAX API.</p>

  200. <div class="admonition warning">

  201. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  202. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> module is not secure against maliciously

  203. constructed data.  If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see

  204. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML vulnerabilities</span></a>.</p>

  205. </div>

  206. <div class="versionchanged">

  207. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.1: </span>The SAX parser no longer processes general external entities by default

  208. to increase security. Before, the parser created network connections

  209. to fetch remote files or loaded local files from the file

  210. system for DTD and entities. The feature can be enabled again with method

  211. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.setFeature" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.setFeature"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setFeature()</span></code></a> on the parser object

  212. and argument <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges" title="xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">feature_external_ges</span></code></a>.</p>

  213. </div>

  214. <p>The convenience functions are:</p>

  215. <dl class="py function">

  216. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.make_parser">

  217. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">make_parser</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser_list</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[]</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.make_parser" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  218. <dd><p>Create and return a SAX <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> object.  The

  219. first parser found will

  220. be used.  If <em>parser_list</em> is provided, it must be an iterable of strings which

  221. name modules that have a function named <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_parser()</span></code>.  Modules listed

  222. in <em>parser_list</em> will be used before modules in the default list of parsers.</p>

  223. <div class="versionchanged">

  224. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>The <em>parser_list</em> argument can be any iterable, not just a list.</p>

  225. </div>

  226. </dd></dl>

  227. 

  228. <dl class="py function">

  229. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.parse">

  230. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename_or_stream</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handler</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">error_handler</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">handler.ErrorHandler()</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  231. <dd><p>Create a SAX parser and use it to parse a document.  The document, passed in as

  232. <em>filename_or_stream</em>, can be a filename or a file object.  The <em>handler</em>

  233. parameter needs to be a SAX <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ContentHandler</span></code></a> instance.  If

  234. <em>error_handler</em> is given, it must be a SAX <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ErrorHandler</span></code></a>

  235. instance; if

  236. omitted,  <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXParseException" title="xml.sax.SAXParseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXParseException</span></code></a> will be raised on all errors.  There is no

  237. return value; all work must be done by the <em>handler</em> passed in.</p>

  238. </dd></dl>

  239. 

  240. <dl class="py function">

  241. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.parseString">

  242. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parseString</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handler</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">error_handler</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">handler.ErrorHandler()</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.parseString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  243. <dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.parse" title="xml.sax.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>, but parses from a buffer <em>string</em> received as a

  244. parameter.  <em>string</em> must be a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> instance or a

  245. <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>.</p>

  246. <div class="versionchanged">

  247. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support of <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> instances.</p>

  248. </div>

  249. </dd></dl>

  250. 

  251. <p>A typical SAX application uses three kinds of objects: readers, handlers and

  252. input sources.  “Reader” in this context is another term for parser, i.e. some

  253. piece of code that reads the bytes or characters from the input source, and

  254. produces a sequence of events. The events then get distributed to the handler

  255. objects, i.e. the reader invokes a method on the handler.  A SAX application

  256. must therefore obtain a reader object, create or open the input sources, create

  257. the handlers, and connect these objects all together.  As the final step of

  258. preparation, the reader is called to parse the input. During parsing, methods on

  259. the handler objects are called based on structural and syntactic events from the

  260. input data.</p>

  261. <p>For these objects, only the interfaces are relevant; they are normally not

  262. instantiated by the application itself.  Since Python does not have an explicit

  263. notion of interface, they are formally introduced as classes, but applications

  264. may use implementations which do not inherit from the provided classes.  The

  265. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InputSource</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Locator</span></code></a>,

  266. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Attributes</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributesNS</span></code>,

  267. and <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> interfaces are defined in the

  268. module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader: Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.xmlreader</span></code></a>.  The handler interfaces are defined in

  269. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler" title="xml.sax.handler: Base classes for SAX event handlers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code></a>.  For convenience,

  270. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InputSource</span></code></a> (which is often

  271. instantiated directly) and the handler classes are also available from

  272. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a>.  These interfaces are described below.</p>

  273. <p>In addition to these classes, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> provides the following exception

  274. classes.</p>

  275. <dl class="py exception">

  276. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXException">

  277. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  278. <dd><p>Encapsulate an XML error or warning.  This class can contain basic error or

  279. warning information from either the XML parser or the application: it can be

  280. subclassed to provide additional functionality or to add localization.  Note

  281. that although the handlers defined in the

  282. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ErrorHandler</span></code></a> interface

  283. receive instances of this exception, it is not required to actually raise the

  284. exception — it is also useful as a container for information.</p>

  285. <p>When instantiated, <em>msg</em> should be a human-readable description of the error.

  286. The optional <em>exception</em> parameter, if given, should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or an exception

  287. that was caught by the parsing code and is being passed along as information.</p>

  288. <p>This is the base class for the other SAX exception classes.</p>

  289. </dd></dl>

  290. 

  291. <dl class="py exception">

  292. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXParseException">

  293. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXParseException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">locator</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXParseException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  294. <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> raised on parse errors. Instances of this

  295. class are passed to the methods of the SAX

  296. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ErrorHandler</span></code></a> interface to provide information

  297. about the parse error.  This class supports the SAX

  298. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Locator</span></code></a> interface as well as the

  299. <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> interface.</p>

  300. </dd></dl>

  301. 

  302. <dl class="py exception">

  303. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXNotRecognizedException">

  304. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXNotRecognizedException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXNotRecognizedException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  305. <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> raised when a SAX

  306. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> is

  307. confronted with an unrecognized feature or property.  SAX applications and

  308. extensions may use this class for similar purposes.</p>

  309. </dd></dl>

  310. 

  311. <dl class="py exception">

  312. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException">

  313. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.sax.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAXNotSupportedException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exception</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXNotSupportedException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  314. <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> raised when a SAX

  315. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> is asked to

  316. enable a feature that is not supported, or to set a property to a value that the

  317. implementation does not support.  SAX applications and extensions may use this

  318. class for similar purposes.</p>

  319. </dd></dl>

  320. 

  321. <div class="admonition seealso">

  322. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  323. <dl class="simple">

  324. <dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.saxproject.org/">SAX: The Simple API for XML</a></dt><dd><p>This site is the focal point for the definition of the SAX API.  It provides a

  325. Java implementation and online documentation.  Links to implementations and

  326. historical information are also available.</p>

  327. </dd>

  328. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler" title="xml.sax.handler: Base classes for SAX event handlers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Definitions of the interfaces for application-provided objects.</p>

  329. </dd>

  330. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.utils.html#module-xml.sax.saxutils" title="xml.sax.saxutils: Convenience functions and classes for use with SAX."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.saxutils</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Convenience functions for use in SAX applications.</p>

  331. </dd>

  332. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader: Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.xmlreader</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Definitions of the interfaces for parser-provided objects.</p>

  333. </dd>

  334. </dl>

  335. </div>

  336. <section id="saxexception-objects">

  337. <span id="sax-exception-objects"></span><h2>SAXException Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#saxexception-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  338. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.sax.SAXException" title="xml.sax.SAXException"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SAXException</span></code></a> exception class supports the following methods:</p>

  339. <dl class="py method">

  340. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXException.getMessage">

  341. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">SAXException.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getMessage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXException.getMessage" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  342. <dd><p>Return a human-readable message describing the error condition.</p>

  343. </dd></dl>

  344. 

  345. <dl class="py method">

  346. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.sax.SAXException.getException">

  347. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">SAXException.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getException</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.sax.SAXException.getException" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  348. <dd><p>Return an encapsulated exception object, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  349. </dd></dl>

  350. 

  351. </section>

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