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  192.   <section id="module-xml.dom.pulldom">

  193. <span id="xml-dom-pulldom-support-for-building-partial-dom-trees"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> — Support for building partial DOM trees<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  194. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py">Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py</a></p>

  195. <hr class="docutils" />

  196. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> module provides a “pull parser” which can also be

  197. asked to produce DOM-accessible fragments of the document where necessary. The

  198. basic concept involves pulling “events” from a stream of incoming XML and

  199. processing them. In contrast to SAX which also employs an event-driven

  200. processing model together with callbacks, the user of a pull parser is

  201. responsible for explicitly pulling events from the stream, looping over those

  202. events until either processing is finished or an error condition occurs.</p>

  203. <div class="admonition warning">

  204. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  205. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> module is not secure against

  206. maliciously constructed data.  If you need to parse untrusted or

  207. unauthenticated data see <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML vulnerabilities</span></a>.</p>

  208. </div>

  209. <div class="versionchanged">

  210. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.1: </span>The SAX parser no longer processes general external entities by default to

  211. increase security by default. To enable processing of external entities,

  212. pass a custom parser instance in:</p>

  213. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.pulldom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">parse</span>

  214. <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.sax</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">make_parser</span>

  215. <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.sax.handler</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">feature_external_ges</span>

  216. 

  217. <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_parser</span><span class="p">()</span>

  218. <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFeature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">feature_external_ges</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>

  219. <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="p">)</span>

  220. </pre></div>

  221. </div>

  222. </div>

  223. <p>Example:</p>

  224. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span>

  225. 

  226. <span class="n">doc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sales_items.xml&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  227. <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">:</span>

  228.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">START_ELEMENT</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>

  229.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getAttribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;price&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span>

  230.             <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expandNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>

  231.             <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>

  232. </pre></div>

  233. </div>

  234. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">event</span></code> is a constant and can be one of:</p>

  235. <ul class="simple">

  236. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_ELEMENT</span></code></p></li>

  237. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_ELEMENT</span></code></p></li>

  238. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">COMMENT</span></code></p></li>

  239. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_DOCUMENT</span></code></p></li>

  240. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_DOCUMENT</span></code></p></li>

  241. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARACTERS</span></code></p></li>

  242. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION</span></code></p></li>

  243. <li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE</span></code></p></li>

  244. </ul>

  245. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node</span></code> is an object of type <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Document</span></code>,

  246. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Element</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Text</span></code>.</p>

  247. <p>Since the document is treated as a “flat” stream of events, the document “tree”

  248. is implicitly traversed and the desired elements are found regardless of their

  249. depth in the tree. In other words, one does not need to consider hierarchical

  250. issues such as recursive searching of the document nodes, although if the

  251. context of elements were important, one would either need to maintain some

  252. context-related state (i.e. remembering where one is in the document at any

  253. given point) or to make use of the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream.expandNode()</span></code></a> method

  254. and switch to DOM-related processing.</p>

  255. <dl class="py class">

  256. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.PullDom">

  257. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PullDom</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">documentFactory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.PullDom" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  258. <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler</span></code></a>.</p>

  259. </dd></dl>

  260. 

  261. <dl class="py class">

  262. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.SAX2DOM">

  263. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SAX2DOM</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">documentFactory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.SAX2DOM" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  264. <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler</span></code></a>.</p>

  265. </dd></dl>

  266. 

  267. <dl class="py function">

  268. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.parse">

  269. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stream_or_string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  270. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></code></a> from the given input. <em>stream_or_string</em> may be

  271. either a file name, or a file-like object. <em>parser</em>, if given, must be an

  272. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> object. This function will change the

  273. document handler of the

  274. parser and activate namespace support; other parser configuration (like

  275. setting an entity resolver) must have been done in advance.</p>

  276. </dd></dl>

  277. 

  278. <p>If you have XML in a string, you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parseString" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> function instead:</p>

  279. <dl class="py function">

  280. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.parseString">

  281. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parseString</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parseString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  282. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></code></a> that represents the (Unicode) <em>string</em>.</p>

  283. </dd></dl>

  284. 

  285. <dl class="py data">

  286. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.default_bufsize">

  287. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">default_bufsize</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.default_bufsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  288. <dd><p>Default value for the <em>bufsize</em> parameter to <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>.</p>

  289. <p>The value of this variable can be changed before calling <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> and

  290. the new value will take effect.</p>

  291. </dd></dl>

  292. 

  293. <section id="domeventstream-objects">

  294. <span id="id1"></span><h2>DOMEventStream Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#domeventstream-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  295. <dl class="py class">

  296. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream">

  297. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stream</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  298. <dd><div class="versionchanged">

  299. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Support for <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></code></a> method has been removed.</p>

  300. </div>

  301. <dl class="py method">

  302. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.getEvent">

  303. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getEvent</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.getEvent" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  304. <dd><p>Return a tuple containing <em>event</em> and the current <em>node</em> as

  305. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Document</span></code> if event equals <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_DOCUMENT</span></code>,

  306. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Element</span></code> if event equals <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_ELEMENT</span></code> or

  307. <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_ELEMENT</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Text</span></code> if event equals

  308. <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARACTERS</span></code>.

  309. The current node does not contain information about its children, unless

  310. <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">expandNode()</span></code></a> is called.</p>

  311. </dd></dl>

  312. 

  313. <dl class="py method">

  314. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode">

  315. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expandNode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">node</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  316. <dd><p>Expands all children of <em>node</em> into <em>node</em>. Example:</p>

  317. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span>

  318. 

  319. <span class="n">xml</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;html&gt;&lt;title&gt;Foo&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Some text &lt;div&gt;and more&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/html&gt;&#39;</span>

  320. <span class="n">doc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">)</span>

  321. <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">:</span>

  322.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">START_ELEMENT</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;p&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>

  323.         <span class="c1"># Following statement only prints &#39;&lt;p/&gt;&#39;</span>

  324.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>

  325.         <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expandNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>

  326.         <span class="c1"># Following statement prints node with all its children &#39;&lt;p&gt;Some text &lt;div&gt;and more&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#39;</span>

  327.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>

  328. </pre></div>

  329. </div>

  330. </dd></dl>

  331. 

  332. <dl class="py method">

  333. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.reset">

  334. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.reset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  335. <dd></dd></dl>

  336. 

  337. </dd></dl>

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  353. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#domeventstream-objects">DOMEventStream Objects</a></li>

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