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- <section id="module-unicodedata">
- <span id="unicodedata-unicode-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-unicodedata" title="unicodedata: Access the Unicode Database."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicodedata</span></code></a> — Unicode Database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-unicodedata" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
- <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
- <p>This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which
- defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained in
- this database is compiled from the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.0.0/ucd">UCD version 15.0.0</a>.</p>
- <p>The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by Unicode
- Standard Annex #44, <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/">“Unicode Character Database”</a>. It defines the
- following functions:</p>
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.lookup">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">lookup</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.lookup" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Look up character by name. If a character with the given name is found, return
- the corresponding character. If not found, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
- <div class="versionchanged">
- <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Support for name aliases <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id3" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> and named sequences <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>2<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> has been added.</p>
- </div>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.name">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.name" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the name assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as a string. If no
- name is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is
- raised.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.decimal">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decimal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.decimal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the decimal value assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as integer.
- If no such value is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given,
- <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.digit">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">digit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.digit" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the digit value assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as integer.
- If no such value is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given,
- <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.numeric">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numeric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.numeric" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the numeric value assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as float.
- If no such value is defined, <em>default</em> is returned, or, if not given,
- <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.category">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">category</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.category" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the general category assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
- string.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.bidirectional">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">bidirectional</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.bidirectional" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
- string. If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.combining">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">combining</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.combining" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character <em>chr</em>
- as integer. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> if no combining class is defined.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.east_asian_width">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">east_asian_width</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.east_asian_width" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the east asian width assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
- string.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.mirrored">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mirrored</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.mirrored" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character <em>chr</em> as
- integer. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if the character has been identified as a “mirrored”
- character in bidirectional text, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> otherwise.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.decomposition">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decomposition</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.decomposition" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the character
- <em>chr</em> as string. An empty string is returned in case no such mapping is
- defined.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.normalize">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">normalize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">form</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unistr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.normalize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Return the normal form <em>form</em> for the Unicode string <em>unistr</em>. Valid values for
- <em>form</em> are ‘NFC’, ‘NFKC’, ‘NFD’, and ‘NFKD’.</p>
- <p>The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a Unicode string,
- based on the definition of canonical equivalence and compatibility equivalence.
- In Unicode, several characters can be expressed in various way. For example, the
- character U+00C7 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) can also be expressed as
- the sequence U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA).</p>
- <p>For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and normal form D.
- Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical decomposition, and translates
- each character into its decomposed form. Normal form C (NFC) first applies a
- canonical decomposition, then composes pre-combined characters again.</p>
- <p>In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal forms based on
- compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are supported which
- normally would be unified with other characters. For example, U+2160 (ROMAN
- NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I).
- However, it is supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing character
- sets (e.g. gb2312).</p>
- <p>The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition, i.e.
- replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The normal form KC
- (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition, followed by the canonical
- composition.</p>
- <p>Even if two unicode strings are normalized and look the same to
- a human reader, if one has combining characters and the other
- doesn’t, they may not compare equal.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py function">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.is_normalized">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_normalized</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">form</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">unistr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.is_normalized" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>Return whether the Unicode string <em>unistr</em> is in the normal form <em>form</em>. Valid
- values for <em>form</em> are ‘NFC’, ‘NFKC’, ‘NFD’, and ‘NFKD’.</p>
- <div class="versionadded">
- <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.8.</span></p>
- </div>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <p>In addition, the module exposes the following constant:</p>
- <dl class="py data">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.unidata_version">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unidata_version</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.unidata_version" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>The version of the Unicode database used in this module.</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <dl class="py data">
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0">
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">unicodedata.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ucd_3_2_0</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
- <dd><p>This is an object that has the same methods as the entire module, but uses the
- Unicode database version 3.2 instead, for applications that require this
- specific version of the Unicode database (such as IDNA).</p>
- </dd></dl>
-
- <p>Examples:</p>
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">unicodedata</span>
- <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'LEFT CURLY BRACKET'</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="go">'{'</span>
- <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="go">'SOLIDUS'</span>
- <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'9'</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="go">9</span>
- <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
- File <span class="nb">"<stdin>"</span>, line <span class="m">1</span>, in <span class="n"><module></span>
- <span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">not a decimal</span>
- <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase</span>
- <span class="go">'Lu'</span>
- <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bidirectional</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\u0660</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 'A'rabic, 'N'umber</span>
- <span class="go">'AN'</span>
- </pre></div>
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