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  192.   <section id="module-termios">

  193. <span id="termios-posix-style-tty-control"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-termios" title="termios: POSIX style tty control. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code></a> — POSIX style tty control<a class="headerlink" href="#module-termios" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  194. <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />

  195. <p>This module provides an interface to the POSIX calls for tty I/O control. For a

  196. complete description of these calls, see <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/termios(3)">termios(3)</a></em> Unix manual

  197. page.  It is only available for those Unix versions that support POSIX

  198. <em>termios</em> style tty I/O control configured during installation.</p>

  199. <div class="availability docutils container">

  200. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>

  201. </div>

  202. <p>All functions in this module take a file descriptor <em>fd</em> as their first

  203. argument.  This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by

  204. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin.fileno()</span></code>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a>, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code> itself.</p>

  205. <p>This module also defines all the constants needed to work with the functions

  206. provided here; these have the same name as their counterparts in C.  Please

  207. refer to your system documentation for more information on using these terminal

  208. control interfaces.</p>

  209. <p>The module defines the following functions:</p>

  210. <dl class="py function">

  211. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcgetattr">

  212. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcgetattr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  213. <dd><p>Return a list containing the tty attributes for file descriptor <em>fd</em>, as

  214. follows: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[iflag,</span> <span class="pre">oflag,</span> <span class="pre">cflag,</span> <span class="pre">lflag,</span> <span class="pre">ispeed,</span> <span class="pre">ospeed,</span> <span class="pre">cc]</span></code> where <em>cc</em> is a

  215. list of the tty special characters (each a string of length 1, except the

  216. items with indices <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VMIN</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTIME</span></code>, which are integers when

  217. these fields are defined).  The interpretation of the flags and the speeds as

  218. well as the indexing in the <em>cc</em> array must be done using the symbolic

  219. constants defined in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-termios" title="termios: POSIX style tty control. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code></a> module.</p>

  220. </dd></dl>

  221. 

  222. <dl class="py function">

  223. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsetattr">

  224. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsetattr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">when</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attributes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsetattr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  225. <dd><p>Set the tty attributes for file descriptor <em>fd</em> from the <em>attributes</em>, which is

  226. a list like the one returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="termios.tcgetattr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetattr()</span></code></a>.  The <em>when</em> argument

  227. determines when the attributes are changed:</p>

  228. <dl class="py data">

  229. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSANOW">

  230. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSANOW</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSANOW" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  231. <dd><p>Change attributes immediately.</p>

  232. </dd></dl>

  233. 

  234. <dl class="py data">

  235. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSADRAIN">

  236. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSADRAIN</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSADRAIN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  237. <dd><p>Change attributes after transmitting all queued output.</p>

  238. </dd></dl>

  239. 

  240. <dl class="py data">

  241. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSAFLUSH">

  242. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSAFLUSH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSAFLUSH" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  243. <dd><p>Change attributes after transmitting all queued output and

  244. discarding all queued input.</p>

  245. </dd></dl>

  246. 

  247. </dd></dl>

  248. 

  249. <dl class="py function">

  250. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsendbreak">

  251. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsendbreak</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">duration</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsendbreak" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  252. <dd><p>Send a break on file descriptor <em>fd</em>.  A zero <em>duration</em> sends a break for

  253. 0.25–0.5 seconds; a nonzero <em>duration</em> has a system dependent meaning.</p>

  254. </dd></dl>

  255. 

  256. <dl class="py function">

  257. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcdrain">

  258. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcdrain</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcdrain" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  259. <dd><p>Wait until all output written to file descriptor <em>fd</em> has been transmitted.</p>

  260. </dd></dl>

  261. 

  262. <dl class="py function">

  263. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcflush">

  264. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcflush</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">queue</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcflush" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  265. <dd><p>Discard queued data on file descriptor <em>fd</em>.  The <em>queue</em> selector specifies

  266. which queue: <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIFLUSH</span></code> for the input queue, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOFLUSH</span></code> for the

  267. output queue, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIOFLUSH</span></code> for both queues.</p>

  268. </dd></dl>

  269. 

  270. <dl class="py function">

  271. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcflow">

  272. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcflow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">action</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcflow" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  273. <dd><p>Suspend or resume input or output on file descriptor <em>fd</em>.  The <em>action</em>

  274. argument can be <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOOFF</span></code> to suspend output, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOON</span></code> to restart

  275. output, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIOFF</span></code> to suspend input, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCION</span></code> to restart input.</p>

  276. </dd></dl>

  277. 

  278. <dl class="py function">

  279. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcgetwinsize">

  280. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcgetwinsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcgetwinsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  281. <dd><p>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(ws_row,</span> <span class="pre">ws_col)</span></code> containing the tty window size for file

  282. descriptor <em>fd</em>. Requires <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGWINSZ</span></code> or

  283. <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGSIZE</span></code>.</p>

  284. <div class="versionadded">

  285. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.11.</span></p>

  286. </div>

  287. </dd></dl>

  288. 

  289. <dl class="py function">

  290. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsetwinsize">

  291. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsetwinsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">winsize</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsetwinsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  292. <dd><p>Set the tty window size for file descriptor <em>fd</em> from <em>winsize</em>, which is

  293. a two-item tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(ws_row,</span> <span class="pre">ws_col)</span></code> like the one returned by

  294. <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetwinsize" title="termios.tcgetwinsize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetwinsize()</span></code></a>. Requires at least one of the pairs

  295. (<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGWINSZ</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCSWINSZ</span></code>);

  296. (<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGSIZE</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCSSIZE</span></code>) to be defined.</p>

  297. <div class="versionadded">

  298. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.11.</span></p>

  299. </div>

  300. </dd></dl>

  301. 

  302. <div class="admonition seealso">

  303. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  304. <dl class="simple">

  305. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="tty.html#module-tty" title="tty: Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Convenience functions for common terminal control operations.</p>

  306. </dd>

  307. </dl>

  308. </div>

  309. <section id="example">

  310. <span id="termios-example"></span><h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  311. <p>Here’s a function that prompts for a password with echoing turned off.  Note the

  312. technique using a separate <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="termios.tcgetattr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetattr()</span></code></a> call and a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#try"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try</span></code></a> …

  313. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#finally"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finally</span></code></a> statement to ensure that the old tty attributes are restored

  314. exactly no matter what happens:</p>

  315. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getpass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Password: &quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>

  316.     <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">termios</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>

  317.     <span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fileno</span><span class="p">()</span>

  318.     <span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcgetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span>

  319.     <span class="n">new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcgetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span>

  320.     <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ECHO</span>          <span class="c1"># lflags</span>

  321.     <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>

  322.         <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcsetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TCSADRAIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">)</span>

  323.         <span class="n">passwd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">)</span>

  324.     <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>

  325.         <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcsetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TCSADRAIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">old</span><span class="p">)</span>

  326.     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">passwd</span>

  327. </pre></div>

  328. </div>

  329. </section>

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