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  204.   <section id="module-importlib.metadata">

  205. <span id="importlib-metadata-accessing-package-metadata"></span><span id="using"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> – Accessing package metadata<a class="headerlink" href="#module-importlib.metadata" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  206. <div class="versionadded">

  207. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.8.</span></p>

  208. </div>

  209. <div class="versionchanged">

  210. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> is no longer provisional.</p>

  211. </div>

  212. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py">Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py</a></p>

  213. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> is a library that provides access to

  214. the metadata of an installed <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a>,

  215. such as its entry points

  216. or its top-level names (<a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Import-Package">Import Package</a>s, modules, if any).

  217. Built in part on Python’s import system, this library

  218. intends to replace similar functionality in the <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#entry-points">entry point

  219. API</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#metadata-api">metadata API</a> of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg_resources</span></code>.  Along with

  220. <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.html#module-importlib.resources" title="importlib.resources: Package resource reading, opening, and access"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources</span></code></a>,

  221. this package can eliminate the need to use the older and less efficient

  222. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg_resources</span></code> package.</p>

  223. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> operates on third-party <em>distribution packages</em>

  224. installed into Python’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site-packages</span></code> directory via tools such as

  225. <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/pip/">pip</a>.

  226. Specifically, it works with distributions with discoverable

  227. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist-info</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">egg-info</span></code> directories,

  228. and metadata defined by the <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata">Core metadata specifications</a>.</p>

  229. <div class="admonition important">

  230. <p class="admonition-title">Important</p>

  231. <p>These are <em>not</em> necessarily equivalent to or correspond 1:1 with

  232. the top-level <em>import package</em> names

  233. that can be imported inside Python code.

  234. One <em>distribution package</em> can contain multiple <em>import packages</em>

  235. (and single modules),

  236. and one top-level <em>import package</em>

  237. may map to multiple <em>distribution packages</em>

  238. if it is a namespace package.

  239. You can use <a class="reference internal" href="#package-distributions"><span class="std std-ref">package_distributions()</span></a>

  240. to get a mapping between them.</p>

  241. </div>

  242. <p>By default, distribution metadata can live on the file system

  243. or in zip archives on

  244. <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a>.  Through an extension mechanism, the metadata can live almost

  245. anywhere.</p>

  246. <div class="admonition seealso">

  247. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  248. <dl class="simple">

  249. <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/">https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/</a></dt><dd><p>The documentation for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib_metadata</span></code>, which supplies a

  250. backport of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code>.

  251. This includes an <a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html">API reference</a>

  252. for this module’s classes and functions,

  253. as well as a <a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html">migration guide</a>

  254. for existing users of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg_resources</span></code>.</p>

  255. </dd>

  256. </dl>

  257. </div>

  258. <section id="overview">

  259. <h2>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  260. <p>Let’s say you wanted to get the version string for a

  261. <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a> you’ve installed

  262. using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>.  We start by creating a virtual environment and installing

  263. something into it:</p>

  264. <div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>venv<span class="w"> </span>example

  265. <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">source</span><span class="w"> </span>example/bin/activate

  266. <span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(example)</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>pip<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>wheel

  267. </pre></div>

  268. </div>

  269. <p>You can get the version string for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wheel</span></code> by running the following:</p>

  270. <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">(example) $ python</span>

  271. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">importlib.metadata</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">version</span>  

  272. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  273. <span class="go">&#39;0.32.3&#39;</span>

  274. </pre></div>

  275. </div>

  276. <p>You can also get a collection of entry points selectable by properties of the EntryPoint (typically ‘group’ or ‘name’), such as

  277. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">console_scripts</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.commands</span></code> and others.  Each group contains a

  278. collection of <a class="reference internal" href="#entry-points"><span class="std std-ref">EntryPoint</span></a> objects.</p>

  279. <p>You can get the <a class="reference internal" href="#metadata"><span class="std std-ref">metadata for a distribution</span></a>:</p>

  280. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>  

  281. <span class="go">[&#39;Metadata-Version&#39;, &#39;Name&#39;, &#39;Version&#39;, &#39;Summary&#39;, &#39;Home-page&#39;, &#39;Author&#39;, &#39;Author-email&#39;, &#39;Maintainer&#39;, &#39;Maintainer-email&#39;, &#39;License&#39;, &#39;Project-URL&#39;, &#39;Project-URL&#39;, &#39;Project-URL&#39;, &#39;Keywords&#39;, &#39;Platform&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Classifier&#39;, &#39;Requires-Python&#39;, &#39;Provides-Extra&#39;, &#39;Requires-Dist&#39;, &#39;Requires-Dist&#39;]</span>

  282. </pre></div>

  283. </div>

  284. <p>You can also get a <a class="reference internal" href="#version"><span class="std std-ref">distribution’s version number</span></a>, list its

  285. <a class="reference internal" href="#files"><span class="std std-ref">constituent files</span></a>, and get a list of the distribution’s

  286. <a class="reference internal" href="#requirements"><span class="std std-ref">Distribution requirements</span></a>.</p>

  287. </section>

  288. <section id="functional-api">

  289. <h2>Functional API<a class="headerlink" href="#functional-api" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  290. <p>This package provides the following functionality via its public API.</p>

  291. <section id="entry-points">

  292. <span id="id2"></span><h3>Entry points<a class="headerlink" href="#entry-points" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  293. <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entry_points()</span></code> function returns a collection of entry points.

  294. Entry points are represented by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoint</span></code> instances;

  295. each <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoint</span></code> has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.name</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.group</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.value</span></code> attributes and

  296. a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.load()</span></code> method to resolve the value.  There are also <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.module</span></code>,

  297. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.attr</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.extras</span></code> attributes for getting the components of the

  298. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.value</span></code> attribute.</p>

  299. <p>Query all entry points:</p>

  300. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">eps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">entry_points</span><span class="p">()</span>  

  301. </pre></div>

  302. </div>

  303. <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entry_points()</span></code> function returns an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoints</span></code> object,

  304. a collection of all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoint</span></code> objects with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">names</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">groups</span></code>

  305. attributes for convenience:</p>

  306. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">sorted</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eps</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">groups</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  307. <span class="go">[&#39;console_scripts&#39;, &#39;distutils.commands&#39;, &#39;distutils.setup_keywords&#39;, &#39;egg_info.writers&#39;, &#39;setuptools.installation&#39;]</span>

  308. </pre></div>

  309. </div>

  310. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoints</span></code> has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> method to select entry points

  311. matching specific properties. Select entry points in the

  312. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">console_scripts</span></code> group:</p>

  313. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">scripts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eps</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;console_scripts&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  314. </pre></div>

  315. </div>

  316. <p>Equivalently, since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entry_points</span></code> passes keyword arguments

  317. through to select:</p>

  318. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">scripts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">entry_points</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;console_scripts&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  319. </pre></div>

  320. </div>

  321. <p>Pick out a specific script named “wheel” (found in the wheel project):</p>

  322. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">scripts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">names</span>  

  323. <span class="go">True</span>

  324. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scripts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>  

  325. </pre></div>

  326. </div>

  327. <p>Equivalently, query for that entry point during selection:</p>

  328. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wheel</span><span class="p">,)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">entry_points</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;console_scripts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  329. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wheel</span><span class="p">,)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">entry_points</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;console_scripts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  330. </pre></div>

  331. </div>

  332. <p>Inspect the resolved entry point:</p>

  333. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel</span>  

  334. <span class="go">EntryPoint(name=&#39;wheel&#39;, value=&#39;wheel.cli:main&#39;, group=&#39;console_scripts&#39;)</span>

  335. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">module</span>  

  336. <span class="go">&#39;wheel.cli&#39;</span>

  337. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attr</span>  

  338. <span class="go">&#39;main&#39;</span>

  339. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extras</span>  

  340. <span class="go">[]</span>

  341. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">main</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wheel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">()</span>  

  342. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">main</span>  

  343. <span class="go">&lt;function main at 0x103528488&gt;</span>

  344. </pre></div>

  345. </div>

  346. <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> are arbitrary values defined by the package author

  347. and usually a client will wish to resolve all entry points for a particular

  348. group.  Read <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/entry_point.html">the setuptools docs</a>

  349. for more information on entry points, their definition, and usage.</p>

  350. <p><em>Compatibility Note</em></p>

  351. <p>The “selectable” entry points were introduced in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib_metadata</span></code>

  352. 3.6 and Python 3.10. Prior to those changes, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entry_points</span></code> accepted

  353. no parameters and always returned a dictionary of entry points, keyed

  354. by group. With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib_metadata</span></code> 5.0 and Python 3.12,

  355. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entry_points</span></code> always returns an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoints</span></code> object. See

  356. <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/backports.entry-points-selectable">backports.entry_points_selectable</a>

  357. for compatibility options.</p>

  358. </section>

  359. <section id="distribution-metadata">

  360. <span id="metadata"></span><h3>Distribution metadata<a class="headerlink" href="#distribution-metadata" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  361. <p>Every <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a> includes some metadata,

  362. which you can extract using the

  363. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata()</span></code> function:</p>

  364. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel_metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  365. </pre></div>

  366. </div>

  367. <p>The keys of the returned data structure, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PackageMetadata</span></code>,

  368. name the metadata keywords, and

  369. the values are returned unparsed from the distribution metadata:</p>

  370. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel_metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Requires-Python&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>  

  371. <span class="go">&#39;&gt;=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*&#39;</span>

  372. </pre></div>

  373. </div>

  374. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PackageMetadata</span></code> also presents a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> attribute that returns

  375. all the metadata in a JSON-compatible form per <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0566/"><strong>PEP 566</strong></a>:</p>

  376. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">wheel_metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;requires_python&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>

  377. <span class="go">&#39;&gt;=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*&#39;</span>

  378. </pre></div>

  379. </div>

  380. <div class="admonition note">

  381. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  382. <p>The actual type of the object returned by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata()</span></code> is an

  383. implementation detail and should be accessed only through the interface

  384. described by the

  385. <a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#importlib_metadata.PackageMetadata">PackageMetadata protocol</a>.</p>

  386. </div>

  387. <div class="versionchanged">

  388. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Description</span></code> is now included in the metadata when presented

  389. through the payload. Line continuation characters have been removed.</p>

  390. <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> attribute was added.</p>

  391. </div>

  392. </section>

  393. <section id="distribution-versions">

  394. <span id="version"></span><h3>Distribution versions<a class="headerlink" href="#distribution-versions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  395. <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">version()</span></code> function is the quickest way to get a

  396. <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a>’s version

  397. number, as a string:</p>

  398. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  399. <span class="go">&#39;0.32.3&#39;</span>

  400. </pre></div>

  401. </div>

  402. </section>

  403. <section id="distribution-files">

  404. <span id="files"></span><h3>Distribution files<a class="headerlink" href="#distribution-files" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  405. <p>You can also get the full set of files contained within a distribution.  The

  406. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">files()</span></code> function takes a <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a> name

  407. and returns all of the

  408. files installed by this distribution.  Each file object returned is a

  409. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PackagePath</span></code>, a <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.PurePath" title="pathlib.PurePath"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.PurePath</span></code></a> derived object with additional <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist</span></code>,

  410. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hash</span></code> properties as indicated by the metadata.  For example:</p>

  411. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">util</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">&#39;util.py&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>  

  412. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">util</span>  

  413. <span class="go">PackagePath(&#39;wheel/util.py&#39;)</span>

  414. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">util</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span>  

  415. <span class="go">859</span>

  416. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">util</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dist</span>  

  417. <span class="go">&lt;importlib.metadata._hooks.PathDistribution object at 0x101e0cef0&gt;</span>

  418. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">util</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hash</span>  

  419. <span class="go">&lt;FileHash mode: sha256 value: bYkw5oMccfazVCoYQwKkkemoVyMAFoR34mmKBx8R1NI&gt;</span>

  420. </pre></div>

  421. </div>

  422. <p>Once you have the file, you can also read its contents:</p>

  423. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">util</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">())</span>  

  424. <span class="go">import base64</span>

  425. <span class="go">import sys</span>

  426. <span class="go">...</span>

  427. <span class="go">def as_bytes(s):</span>

  428. <span class="go">    if isinstance(s, text_type):</span>

  429. <span class="go">        return s.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;)</span>

  430. <span class="go">    return s</span>

  431. </pre></div>

  432. </div>

  433. <p>You can also use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locate</span></code> method to get a the absolute path to the

  434. file:</p>

  435. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">util</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">locate</span><span class="p">()</span>  

  436. <span class="go">PosixPath(&#39;/home/gustav/example/lib/site-packages/wheel/util.py&#39;)</span>

  437. </pre></div>

  438. </div>

  439. <p>In the case where the metadata file listing files

  440. (RECORD or SOURCES.txt) is missing, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">files()</span></code> will

  441. return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. The caller may wish to wrap calls to

  442. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">files()</span></code> in <a class="reference external" href="https://more-itertools.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#more_itertools.always_iterable">always_iterable</a>

  443. or otherwise guard against this condition if the target

  444. distribution is not known to have the metadata present.</p>

  445. </section>

  446. <section id="distribution-requirements">

  447. <span id="requirements"></span><h3>Distribution requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#distribution-requirements" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  448. <p>To get the full set of requirements for a <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a>,

  449. use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires()</span></code>

  450. function:</p>

  451. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">requires</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  452. <span class="go">[&quot;pytest (&gt;=3.0.0) ; extra == &#39;test&#39;&quot;, &quot;pytest-cov ; extra == &#39;test&#39;&quot;]</span>

  453. </pre></div>

  454. </div>

  455. </section>

  456. <section id="mapping-import-to-distribution-packages">

  457. <span id="import-distribution-package-mapping"></span><span id="package-distributions"></span><h3>Mapping import to distribution packages<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-import-to-distribution-packages" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  458. <p>A convenience method to resolve the <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a>

  459. name (or names, in the case of a namespace package)

  460. that provide each importable top-level

  461. Python module or <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Import-Package">Import Package</a>:</p>

  462. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">packages_distributions</span><span class="p">()</span>

  463. <span class="go">{&#39;importlib_metadata&#39;: [&#39;importlib-metadata&#39;], &#39;yaml&#39;: [&#39;PyYAML&#39;], &#39;jaraco&#39;: [&#39;jaraco.classes&#39;, &#39;jaraco.functools&#39;], ...}</span>

  464. </pre></div>

  465. </div>

  466. <p>Some editable installs, <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pypa/packaging-problems/issues/609">do not supply top-level names</a>, and thus this

  467. function is not reliable with such installs.</p>

  468. <div class="versionadded">

  469. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.10.</span></p>

  470. </div>

  471. </section>

  472. </section>

  473. <section id="distributions">

  474. <span id="id9"></span><h2>Distributions<a class="headerlink" href="#distributions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  475. <p>While the above API is the most common and convenient usage, you can get all

  476. of that information from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code> class.  A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code> is an

  477. abstract object that represents the metadata for

  478. a Python <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a>.  You can

  479. get the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code> instance:</p>

  480. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">importlib.metadata</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">distribution</span>  

  481. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">distribution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wheel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  

  482. </pre></div>

  483. </div>

  484. <p>Thus, an alternative way to get the version number is through the

  485. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code> instance:</p>

  486. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dist</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">version</span>  

  487. <span class="go">&#39;0.32.3&#39;</span>

  488. </pre></div>

  489. </div>

  490. <p>There are all kinds of additional metadata available on the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code>

  491. instance:</p>

  492. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dist</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Requires-Python&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>  

  493. <span class="go">&#39;&gt;=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*&#39;</span>

  494. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dist</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;License&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>  

  495. <span class="go">&#39;MIT&#39;</span>

  496. </pre></div>

  497. </div>

  498. <p>The full set of available metadata is not described here.

  499. See the <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata">Core metadata specifications</a> for additional details.</p>

  500. </section>

  501. <section id="distribution-discovery">

  502. <h2>Distribution Discovery<a class="headerlink" href="#distribution-discovery" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  503. <p>By default, this package provides built-in support for discovery of metadata

  504. for file system and zip file <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a>s.

  505. This metadata finder search defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>, but varies slightly in how it interprets those values from how other import machinery does. In particular:</p>

  506. <ul class="simple">

  507. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> does not honor <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> objects on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>.</p></li>

  508. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> will incidentally honor <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path" title="pathlib.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path</span></code></a> objects on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code> even though such values will be ignored for imports.</p></li>

  509. </ul>

  510. </section>

  511. <section id="extending-the-search-algorithm">

  512. <h2>Extending the search algorithm<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-the-search-algorithm" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  513. <p>Because <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package">Distribution Package</a> metadata

  514. is not available through <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> searches, or

  515. package loaders directly,

  516. the metadata for a distribution is found through import

  517. system <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/import.html#finders-and-loaders"><span class="std std-ref">finders</span></a>.  To find a distribution package’s metadata,

  518. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> queries the list of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-meta-path-finder"><span class="xref std std-term">meta path finders</span></a> on

  519. <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.meta_path" title="sys.meta_path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.meta_path</span></code></a>.</p>

  520. <p>By default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> installs a finder for distribution packages

  521. found on the file system.

  522. This finder doesn’t actually find any <em>distributions</em>,

  523. but it can find their metadata.</p>

  524. <p>The abstract class <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder" title="importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder</span></code></a> defines the

  525. interface expected of finders by Python’s import system.

  526. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> extends this protocol by looking for an optional

  527. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find_distributions</span></code> callable on the finders from

  528. <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.meta_path" title="sys.meta_path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.meta_path</span></code></a> and presents this extended interface as the

  529. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DistributionFinder</span></code> abstract base class, which defines this abstract

  530. method:</p>

  531. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abstractmethod</span>

  532. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">find_distributions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DistributionFinder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Context</span><span class="p">()):</span>

  533. <span class="w">    </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Return an iterable of all Distribution instances capable of</span>

  534. <span class="sd">    loading the metadata for packages for the indicated ``context``.</span>

  535. <span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

  536. </pre></div>

  537. </div>

  538. <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DistributionFinder.Context</span></code> object provides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.path</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.name</span></code>

  539. properties indicating the path to search and name to match and may

  540. supply other relevant context.</p>

  541. <p>What this means in practice is that to support finding distribution package

  542. metadata in locations other than the file system, subclass

  543. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code> and implement the abstract methods. Then from

  544. a custom finder, return instances of this derived <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distribution</span></code> in the

  545. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find_distributions()</span></code> method.</p>

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  559. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code> – Accessing package metadata</a><ul>

  560. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li>

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  562. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#entry-points">Entry points</a></li>

  563. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#distribution-metadata">Distribution metadata</a></li>

  564. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#distribution-versions">Distribution versions</a></li>

  565. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#distribution-files">Distribution files</a></li>

  566. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#distribution-requirements">Distribution requirements</a></li>

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  568. </ul>

  569. </li>

  570. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#distributions">Distributions</a></li>

  571. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#distribution-discovery">Distribution Discovery</a></li>

  572. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#extending-the-search-algorithm">Extending the search algorithm</a></li>

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