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  194.   <section id="module-html.parser">

  195. <span id="html-parser-simple-html-and-xhtml-parser"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-html.parser" title="html.parser: A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">html.parser</span></code></a> — Simple HTML and XHTML parser<a class="headerlink" href="#module-html.parser" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  196. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/html/parser.py">Lib/html/parser.py</a></p>

  197. <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />

  198. <p>This module defines a class <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> which serves as the basis for

  199. parsing text files formatted in HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) and XHTML.</p>

  200. <dl class="py class">

  201. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser">

  202. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">html.parser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">convert_charrefs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  203. <dd><p>Create a parser instance able to parse invalid markup.</p>

  204. <p>If <em>convert_charrefs</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> (the default), all character

  205. references (except the ones in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">script</span></code>/<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">style</span></code> elements) are

  206. automatically converted to the corresponding Unicode characters.</p>

  207. <p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> instance is fed HTML data and calls handler methods

  208. when start tags, end tags, text, comments, and other markup elements are

  209. encountered.  The user should subclass <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> and override its

  210. methods to implement the desired behavior.</p>

  211. <p>This parser does not check that end tags match start tags or call the end-tag

  212. handler for elements which are closed implicitly by closing an outer element.</p>

  213. <div class="versionchanged">

  214. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span><em>convert_charrefs</em> keyword argument added.</p>

  215. </div>

  216. <div class="versionchanged">

  217. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The default value for argument <em>convert_charrefs</em> is now <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p>

  218. </div>

  219. </dd></dl>

  220. 

  221. <section id="example-html-parser-application">

  222. <h2>Example HTML Parser Application<a class="headerlink" href="#example-html-parser-application" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  223. <p>As a basic example, below is a simple HTML parser that uses the

  224. <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> class to print out start tags, end tags, and data

  225. as they are encountered:</p>

  226. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">html.parser</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HTMLParser</span>

  227. 

  228. <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HTMLParser</span><span class="p">):</span>

  229.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_starttag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attrs</span><span class="p">):</span>

  230.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Encountered a start tag:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">)</span>

  231. 

  232.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_endtag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">):</span>

  233.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Encountered an end tag :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">)</span>

  234. 

  235.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>

  236.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Encountered some data  :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>

  237. 

  238. <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">()</span>

  239. <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Test&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&#39;</span>

  240.             <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;body&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Parse me!&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  241. </pre></div>

  242. </div>

  243. <p>The output will then be:</p>

  244. <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Encountered a start tag: html

  245. Encountered a start tag: head

  246. Encountered a start tag: title

  247. Encountered some data  : Test

  248. Encountered an end tag : title

  249. Encountered an end tag : head

  250. Encountered a start tag: body

  251. Encountered a start tag: h1

  252. Encountered some data  : Parse me!

  253. Encountered an end tag : h1

  254. Encountered an end tag : body

  255. Encountered an end tag : html

  256. </pre></div>

  257. </div>

  258. </section>

  259. <section id="htmlparser-methods">

  260. <h2><a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> Methods<a class="headerlink" href="#htmlparser-methods" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  261. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> instances have the following methods:</p>

  262. <dl class="py method">

  263. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.feed">

  264. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">feed</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.feed" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  265. <dd><p>Feed some text to the parser.  It is processed insofar as it consists of

  266. complete elements; incomplete data is buffered until more data is fed or

  267. <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.close" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> is called.  <em>data</em> must be <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.</p>

  268. </dd></dl>

  269. 

  270. <dl class="py method">

  271. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.close">

  272. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.close" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  273. <dd><p>Force processing of all buffered data as if it were followed by an end-of-file

  274. mark.  This method may be redefined by a derived class to define additional

  275. processing at the end of the input, but the redefined version should always call

  276. the <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> base class method <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.close" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a>.</p>

  277. </dd></dl>

  278. 

  279. <dl class="py method">

  280. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.reset">

  281. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.reset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  282. <dd><p>Reset the instance.  Loses all unprocessed data.  This is called implicitly at

  283. instantiation time.</p>

  284. </dd></dl>

  285. 

  286. <dl class="py method">

  287. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.getpos">

  288. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getpos</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.getpos" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  289. <dd><p>Return current line number and offset.</p>

  290. </dd></dl>

  291. 

  292. <dl class="py method">

  293. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.get_starttag_text">

  294. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_starttag_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.get_starttag_text" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  295. <dd><p>Return the text of the most recently opened start tag.  This should not normally

  296. be needed for structured processing, but may be useful in dealing with HTML “as

  297. deployed” or for re-generating input with minimal changes (whitespace between

  298. attributes can be preserved, etc.).</p>

  299. </dd></dl>

  300. 

  301. <p>The following methods are called when data or markup elements are encountered

  302. and they are meant to be overridden in a subclass.  The base class

  303. implementations do nothing (except for <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_startendtag()</span></code></a>):</p>

  304. <dl class="py method">

  305. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag">

  306. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_starttag</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tag</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  307. <dd><p>This method is called to handle the start tag of an element (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;div</span> <span class="pre">id=&quot;main&quot;&gt;</span></code>).</p>

  308. <p>The <em>tag</em> argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case. The <em>attrs</em>

  309. argument is a list of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(name,</span> <span class="pre">value)</span></code> pairs containing the attributes found

  310. inside the tag’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;&gt;</span></code> brackets.  The <em>name</em> will be translated to lower case,

  311. and quotes in the <em>value</em> have been removed, and character and entity references

  312. have been replaced.</p>

  313. <p>For instance, for the tag <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;A</span> <span class="pre">HREF=&quot;https://www.cwi.nl/&quot;&gt;</span></code>, this method

  314. would be called as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_starttag('a',</span> <span class="pre">[('href',</span> <span class="pre">'https://www.cwi.nl/')])</span></code>.</p>

  315. <p>All entity references from <a class="reference internal" href="html.entities.html#module-html.entities" title="html.entities: Definitions of HTML general entities."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">html.entities</span></code></a> are replaced in the attribute

  316. values.</p>

  317. </dd></dl>

  318. 

  319. <dl class="py method">

  320. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag">

  321. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_endtag</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tag</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  322. <dd><p>This method is called to handle the end tag of an element (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code>).</p>

  323. <p>The <em>tag</em> argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case.</p>

  324. </dd></dl>

  325. 

  326. <dl class="py method">

  327. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag">

  328. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_startendtag</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tag</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  329. <dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_starttag()</span></code></a>, but called when the parser encounters an

  330. XHTML-style empty tag (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;img</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">/&gt;</span></code>).  This method may be overridden by

  331. subclasses which require this particular lexical information; the default

  332. implementation simply calls <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_starttag()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_endtag()</span></code></a>.</p>

  333. </dd></dl>

  334. 

  335. <dl class="py method">

  336. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_data">

  337. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_data</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_data" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  338. <dd><p>This method is called to process arbitrary data (e.g. text nodes and the

  339. content of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;script&gt;...&lt;/script&gt;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;style&gt;...&lt;/style&gt;</span></code>).</p>

  340. </dd></dl>

  341. 

  342. <dl class="py method">

  343. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_entityref">

  344. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_entityref</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_entityref" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  345. <dd><p>This method is called to process a named character reference of the form

  346. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;name;</span></code> (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;gt;</span></code>), where <em>name</em> is a general entity reference

  347. (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'gt'</span></code>).  This method is never called if <em>convert_charrefs</em> is

  348. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p>

  349. </dd></dl>

  350. 

  351. <dl class="py method">

  352. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_charref">

  353. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_charref</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_charref" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  354. <dd><p>This method is called to process decimal and hexadecimal numeric character

  355. references of the form <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;#</span><em><span class="pre">NNN</span></em><span class="pre">;</span></code> and <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;#x</span><em><span class="pre">NNN</span></em><span class="pre">;</span></code>.  For example, the decimal

  356. equivalent for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;gt;</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;#62;</span></code>, whereas the hexadecimal is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;#x3E;</span></code>;

  357. in this case the method will receive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'62'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x3E'</span></code>.  This method

  358. is never called if <em>convert_charrefs</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p>

  359. </dd></dl>

  360. 

  361. <dl class="py method">

  362. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_comment">

  363. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_comment</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_comment" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  364. <dd><p>This method is called when a comment is encountered (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;!--comment--&gt;</span></code>).</p>

  365. <p>For example, the comment <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;!--</span> <span class="pre">comment</span> <span class="pre">--&gt;</span></code> will cause this method to be

  366. called with the argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'</span> <span class="pre">comment</span> <span class="pre">'</span></code>.</p>

  367. <p>The content of Internet Explorer conditional comments (condcoms) will also be

  368. sent to this method, so, for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;!--[if</span> <span class="pre">IE</span> <span class="pre">9]&gt;IE9-specific</span> <span class="pre">content&lt;![endif]--&gt;</span></code>,

  369. this method will receive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'[if</span> <span class="pre">IE</span> <span class="pre">9]&gt;IE9-specific</span> <span class="pre">content&lt;![endif]'</span></code>.</p>

  370. </dd></dl>

  371. 

  372. <dl class="py method">

  373. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_decl">

  374. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_decl</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">decl</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_decl" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  375. <dd><p>This method is called to handle an HTML doctype declaration (e.g.

  376. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;!DOCTYPE</span> <span class="pre">html&gt;</span></code>).</p>

  377. <p>The <em>decl</em> parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside

  378. the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;!...&gt;</span></code> markup (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'DOCTYPE</span> <span class="pre">html'</span></code>).</p>

  379. </dd></dl>

  380. 

  381. <dl class="py method">

  382. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_pi">

  383. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_pi</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_pi" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  384. <dd><p>Method called when a processing instruction is encountered.  The <em>data</em>

  385. parameter will contain the entire processing instruction. For example, for the

  386. processing instruction <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;?proc</span> <span class="pre">color='red'&gt;</span></code>, this method would be called as

  387. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_pi(&quot;proc</span> <span class="pre">color='red'&quot;)</span></code>.  It is intended to be overridden by a derived

  388. class; the base class implementation does nothing.</p>

  389. <div class="admonition note">

  390. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  391. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser" title="html.parser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> class uses the SGML syntactic rules for processing

  392. instructions.  An XHTML processing instruction using the trailing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'?'</span></code> will

  393. cause the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'?'</span></code> to be included in <em>data</em>.</p>

  394. </div>

  395. </dd></dl>

  396. 

  397. <dl class="py method">

  398. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="html.parser.HTMLParser.unknown_decl">

  399. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">HTMLParser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unknown_decl</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.unknown_decl" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  400. <dd><p>This method is called when an unrecognized declaration is read by the parser.</p>

  401. <p>The <em>data</em> parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside

  402. the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;![...]&gt;</span></code> markup.  It is sometimes useful to be overridden by a

  403. derived class.  The base class implementation does nothing.</p>

  404. </dd></dl>

  405. 

  406. </section>

  407. <section id="examples">

  408. <span id="htmlparser-examples"></span><h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  409. <p>The following class implements a parser that will be used to illustrate more

  410. examples:</p>

  411. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">html.parser</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HTMLParser</span>

  412. <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">html.entities</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">name2codepoint</span>

  413. 

  414. <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HTMLParser</span><span class="p">):</span>

  415.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_starttag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attrs</span><span class="p">):</span>

  416.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Start tag:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">)</span>

  417.         <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">attr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">attrs</span><span class="p">:</span>

  418.             <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;     attr:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr</span><span class="p">)</span>

  419. 

  420.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_endtag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">):</span>

  421.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;End tag  :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">)</span>

  422. 

  423.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>

  424.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Data     :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>

  425. 

  426.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>

  427.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Comment  :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>

  428. 

  429.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_entityref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>

  430.         <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name2codepoint</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">])</span>

  431.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Named ent:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>

  432. 

  433.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_charref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>

  434.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>

  435.             <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:],</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">))</span>

  436.         <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  437.             <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span>

  438.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Num ent  :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>

  439. 

  440.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_decl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>

  441.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Decl     :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>

  442. 

  443. <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">()</span>

  444. </pre></div>

  445. </div>

  446. <p>Parsing a doctype:</p>

  447. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN&quot; &#39;</span>

  448. <span class="gp">... </span>            <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  449. <span class="go">Decl     : DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd&quot;</span>

  450. </pre></div>

  451. </div>

  452. <p>Parsing an element with a few attributes and a title:</p>

  453. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;img src=&quot;python-logo.png&quot; alt=&quot;The Python logo&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  454. <span class="go">Start tag: img</span>

  455. <span class="go">     attr: (&#39;src&#39;, &#39;python-logo.png&#39;)</span>

  456. <span class="go">     attr: (&#39;alt&#39;, &#39;The Python logo&#39;)</span>

  457. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span>

  458. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;h1&gt;Python&lt;/h1&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  459. <span class="go">Start tag: h1</span>

  460. <span class="go">Data     : Python</span>

  461. <span class="go">End tag  : h1</span>

  462. </pre></div>

  463. </div>

  464. <p>The content of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">script</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">style</span></code> elements is returned as is, without

  465. further parsing:</p>

  466. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;#python { color: green }&lt;/style&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  467. <span class="go">Start tag: style</span>

  468. <span class="go">     attr: (&#39;type&#39;, &#39;text/css&#39;)</span>

  469. <span class="go">Data     : #python { color: green }</span>

  470. <span class="go">End tag  : style</span>

  471. 

  472. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&#39;</span>

  473. <span class="gp">... </span>            <span class="s1">&#39;alert(&quot;&lt;strong&gt;hello!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;);&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  474. <span class="go">Start tag: script</span>

  475. <span class="go">     attr: (&#39;type&#39;, &#39;text/javascript&#39;)</span>

  476. <span class="go">Data     : alert(&quot;&lt;strong&gt;hello!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;);</span>

  477. <span class="go">End tag  : script</span>

  478. </pre></div>

  479. </div>

  480. <p>Parsing comments:</p>

  481. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;!-- a comment --&gt;&#39;</span>

  482. <span class="gp">... </span>            <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;!--[if IE 9]&gt;IE-specific content&lt;![endif]--&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  483. <span class="go">Comment  :  a comment</span>

  484. <span class="go">Comment  : [if IE 9]&gt;IE-specific content&lt;![endif]</span>

  485. </pre></div>

  486. </div>

  487. <p>Parsing named and numeric character references and converting them to the

  488. correct char (note: these 3 references are all equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'&gt;'</span></code>):</p>

  489. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&amp;gt;&amp;#62;&amp;#x3E;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  490. <span class="go">Named ent: &gt;</span>

  491. <span class="go">Num ent  : &gt;</span>

  492. <span class="go">Num ent  : &gt;</span>

  493. </pre></div>

  494. </div>

  495. <p>Feeding incomplete chunks to <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.feed" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.feed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">feed()</span></code></a> works, but

  496. <a class="reference internal" href="#html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_data" title="html.parser.HTMLParser.handle_data"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_data()</span></code></a> might be called more than once

  497. (unless <em>convert_charrefs</em> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>):</p>

  498. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">chunk</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;sp&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;an&gt;buff&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ered &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text&lt;/s&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pan&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">]:</span>

  499. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunk</span><span class="p">)</span>

  500. <span class="gp">...</span>

  501. <span class="go">Start tag: span</span>

  502. <span class="go">Data     : buff</span>

  503. <span class="go">Data     : ered</span>

  504. <span class="go">Data     : text</span>

  505. <span class="go">End tag  : span</span>

  506. </pre></div>

  507. </div>

  508. <p>Parsing invalid HTML (e.g. unquoted attributes) also works:</p>

  509. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class=link href=#main&gt;tag soup&lt;/p &gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  510. <span class="go">Start tag: p</span>

  511. <span class="go">Start tag: a</span>

  512. <span class="go">     attr: (&#39;class&#39;, &#39;link&#39;)</span>

  513. <span class="go">     attr: (&#39;href&#39;, &#39;#main&#39;)</span>

  514. <span class="go">Data     : tag soup</span>

  515. <span class="go">End tag  : p</span>

  516. <span class="go">End tag  : a</span>

  517. </pre></div>

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