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  98. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> — Basic date and time types</a><ul>

  99. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#aware-and-naive-objects">Aware and Naive Objects</a></li>

  100. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#constants">Constants</a></li>

  101. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-types">Available Types</a><ul>

  102. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#common-properties">Common Properties</a></li>

  103. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive</a></li>

  104. </ul>

  105. </li>

  106. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#timedelta-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  107. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-timedelta">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a></li>

  108. </ul>

  109. </li>

  110. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#date-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  111. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-date">Examples of Usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a></li>

  112. </ul>

  113. </li>

  114. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  115. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-datetime">Examples of Usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></li>

  116. </ul>

  117. </li>

  118. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  119. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-time">Examples of Usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></li>

  120. </ul>

  121. </li>

  122. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tzinfo-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> Objects</a></li>

  123. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#timezone-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> Objects</a></li>

  124. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-and-strptime-behavior"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> Behavior</a><ul>

  125. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> Format Codes</a></li>

  126. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#technical-detail">Technical Detail</a></li>

  127. </ul>

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  191.         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> — Basic date and time types</a></li>

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  221.   <section id="module-datetime">

  222. <span id="datetime-basic-date-and-time-types"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> — Basic date and time types<a class="headerlink" href="#module-datetime" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  223. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/datetime.py">Lib/datetime.py</a></p>

  224. <hr class="docutils" />

  225. <p>The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times.</p>

  226. <p>While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation is

  227. on efficient attribute extraction for output formatting and manipulation.</p>

  228. <div class="admonition tip">

  229. <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

  230. <p>Skip to <a class="reference internal" href="#format-codes"><span class="std std-ref">the format codes</span></a>.</p>

  231. </div>

  232. <div class="admonition seealso">

  233. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  234. <dl class="simple">

  235. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>General calendar related functions.</p>

  236. </dd>

  237. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Time access and conversions.</p>

  238. </dd>

  239. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#module-zoneinfo" title="zoneinfo: IANA time zone support"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zoneinfo</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Concrete time zones representing the IANA time zone database.</p>

  240. </dd>

  241. <dt>Package <a class="reference external" href="https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">dateutil</a></dt><dd><p>Third-party library with expanded time zone and parsing support.</p>

  242. </dd>

  243. <dt>Package <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/datetype/">DateType</a></dt><dd><p>Third-party library that introduces distinct static types to e.g. allow

  244. <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-static-type-checker"><span class="xref std std-term">static type checkers</span></a>

  245. to differentiate between naive and aware datetimes.</p>

  246. </dd>

  247. </dl>

  248. </div>

  249. <section id="aware-and-naive-objects">

  250. <span id="datetime-naive-aware"></span><h2>Aware and Naive Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#aware-and-naive-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  251. <p>Date and time objects may be categorized as “aware” or “naive” depending on

  252. whether or not they include timezone information.</p>

  253. <p>With sufficient knowledge of applicable algorithmic and political time

  254. adjustments, such as time zone and daylight saving time information,

  255. an <strong>aware</strong> object can locate itself relative to other aware objects.

  256. An aware object represents a specific moment in time that is not open to

  257. interpretation. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id5" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>

  258. <p>A <strong>naive</strong> object does not contain enough information to unambiguously locate

  259. itself relative to other date/time objects. Whether a naive object represents

  260. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some other timezone is

  261. purely up to the program, just like it is up to the program whether a

  262. particular number represents metres, miles, or mass. Naive objects are easy to

  263. understand and to work with, at the cost of ignoring some aspects of reality.</p>

  264. <p>For applications requiring aware objects, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>

  265. objects have an optional time zone information attribute, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code>, that

  266. can be set to an instance of a subclass of the abstract <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> class.

  267. These <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> objects capture information about the offset from UTC

  268. time, the time zone name, and whether daylight saving time is in effect.</p>

  269. <p>Only one concrete <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> class, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> class, is

  270. supplied by the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module. The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> class can

  271. represent simple timezones with fixed offsets from UTC, such as UTC itself or

  272. North American EST and EDT timezones. Supporting timezones at deeper levels of

  273. detail is up to the application. The rules for time adjustment across the

  274. world are more political than rational, change frequently, and there is no

  275. standard suitable for every application aside from UTC.</p>

  276. </section>

  277. <section id="constants">

  278. <h2>Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#constants" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  279. <p>The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module exports the following constants:</p>

  280. <dl class="py data">

  281. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.MINYEAR">

  282. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  283. <dd><p>The smallest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object.

  284. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>

  285. </dd></dl>

  286. 

  287. <dl class="py data">

  288. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.MAXYEAR">

  289. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  290. <dd><p>The largest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object.

  291. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9999</span></code>.</p>

  292. </dd></dl>

  293. 

  294. <dl class="py attribute">

  295. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.UTC">

  296. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UTC</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.UTC" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  297. <dd><p>Alias for the UTC timezone singleton <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone.utc" title="datetime.timezone.utc"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timezone.utc</span></code></a>.</p>

  298. <div class="versionadded">

  299. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.11.</span></p>

  300. </div>

  301. </dd></dl>

  302. 

  303. </section>

  304. <section id="available-types">

  305. <h2>Available Types<a class="headerlink" href="#available-types" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  306. <dl class="py class">

  307. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  308. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">date</span></span></dt>

  309. <dd><p>An idealized naive date, assuming the current Gregorian calendar always was, and

  310. always will be, in effect. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.year" title="datetime.date.year"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.month" title="datetime.date.month"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code></a>, and

  311. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.day" title="datetime.date.day"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code></a>.</p>

  312. </dd></dl>

  313. 

  314. <dl class="py class">

  315. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  316. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">time</span></span></dt>

  317. <dd><p>An idealized time, independent of any particular day, assuming that every day

  318. has exactly 24*60*60 seconds.  (There is no notion of “leap seconds” here.)

  319. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="datetime.time.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="datetime.time.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.second" title="datetime.time.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">second</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a>,

  320. and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>.</p>

  321. </dd></dl>

  322. 

  323. <dl class="py class">

  324. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  325. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">datetime</span></span></dt>

  326. <dd><p>A combination of a date and a time. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.year" title="datetime.datetime.year"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.month" title="datetime.datetime.month"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code></a>,

  327. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.day" title="datetime.datetime.day"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="datetime.datetime.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="datetime.datetime.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.second" title="datetime.datetime.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">second</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a>,

  328. and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>.</p>

  329. </dd></dl>

  330. 

  331. <dl class="py class">

  332. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  333. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></span></dt>

  334. <dd><p>A duration expressing the difference between two <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>

  335. or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> instances to microsecond resolution.</p>

  336. </dd></dl>

  337. 

  338. <dl class="py class">

  339. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  340. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span></dt>

  341. <dd><p>An abstract base class for time zone information objects. These are used by the

  342. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> classes to provide a customizable notion of

  343. time adjustment (for example, to account for time zone and/or daylight saving

  344. time).</p>

  345. </dd></dl>

  346. 

  347. <dl class="py class">

  348. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  349. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timezone</span></span></dt>

  350. <dd><p>A class that implements the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> abstract base class as a

  351. fixed offset from the UTC.</p>

  352. <div class="versionadded">

  353. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  354. </div>

  355. </dd></dl>

  356. 

  357. <p>Objects of these types are immutable.</p>

  358. <p>Subclass relationships:</p>

  359. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">object</span>

  360.     <span class="n">timedelta</span>

  361.     <span class="n">tzinfo</span>

  362.         <span class="n">timezone</span>

  363.     <span class="n">time</span>

  364.     <span class="n">date</span>

  365.         <span class="n">datetime</span>

  366. </pre></div>

  367. </div>

  368. <section id="common-properties">

  369. <h3>Common Properties<a class="headerlink" href="#common-properties" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  370. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> types

  371. share these common features:</p>

  372. <ul class="simple">

  373. <li><p>Objects of these types are immutable.</p></li>

  374. <li><p>Objects of these types are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable"><span class="xref std std-term">hashable</span></a>, meaning that they can be used as

  375. dictionary keys.</p></li>

  376. <li><p>Objects of these types support efficient pickling via the <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#module-pickle" title="pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code></a> module.</p></li>

  377. </ul>

  378. </section>

  379. <section id="determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">

  380. <h3>Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive<a class="headerlink" href="#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  381. <p>Objects of the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> type are always naive.</p>

  382. <p>An object of type <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> may be aware or naive.</p>

  383. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object <em>d</em> is aware if both of the following hold:</p>

  384. <ol class="arabic simple">

  385. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.tzinfo</span></code> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>

  386. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)</span></code> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>

  387. </ol>

  388. <p>Otherwise, <em>d</em> is naive.</p>

  389. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object <em>t</em> is aware if both of the following hold:</p>

  390. <ol class="arabic simple">

  391. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.tzinfo</span></code> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>

  392. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)</span></code> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p></li>

  393. </ol>

  394. <p>Otherwise, <em>t</em> is naive.</p>

  395. <p>The distinction between aware and naive doesn’t apply to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>

  396. objects.</p>

  397. </section>

  398. </section>

  399. <section id="timedelta-objects">

  400. <span id="datetime-timedelta"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#timedelta-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  401. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object represents a duration, the difference between two

  402. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> instances.</p>

  403. <dl class="py class">

  404. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta">

  405. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">days</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">seconds</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microseconds</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">milliseconds</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">minutes</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hours</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">weeks</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  406. <dd><p>All arguments are optional and default to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. Arguments may be integers

  407. or floats, and may be positive or negative.</p>

  408. <p>Only <em>days</em>, <em>seconds</em> and <em>microseconds</em> are stored internally.

  409. Arguments are converted to those units:</p>

  410. <ul class="simple">

  411. <li><p>A millisecond is converted to 1000 microseconds.</p></li>

  412. <li><p>A minute is converted to 60 seconds.</p></li>

  413. <li><p>An hour is converted to 3600 seconds.</p></li>

  414. <li><p>A week is converted to 7 days.</p></li>

  415. </ul>

  416. <p>and days, seconds and microseconds are then normalized so that the

  417. representation is unique, with</p>

  418. <ul class="simple">

  419. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">microseconds</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">1000000</span></code></p></li>

  420. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">seconds</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">3600*24</span></code> (the number of seconds in one day)</p></li>

  421. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-999999999</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">days</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">999999999</span></code></p></li>

  422. </ul>

  423. <p>The following example illustrates how any arguments besides

  424. <em>days</em>, <em>seconds</em> and <em>microseconds</em> are “merged” and normalized into those

  425. three resulting attributes:</p>

  426. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span>

  427. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">delta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span>

  428. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span>

  429. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">,</span>

  430. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>

  431. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">milliseconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">29000</span><span class="p">,</span>

  432. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>

  433. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>

  434. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">weeks</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span>

  435. <span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span>

  436. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Only days, seconds, and microseconds remain</span>

  437. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">delta</span>

  438. <span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=64, seconds=29156, microseconds=10)</span>

  439. </pre></div>

  440. </div>

  441. <p>If any argument is a float and there are fractional microseconds,

  442. the fractional microseconds left over from all arguments are

  443. combined and their sum is rounded to the nearest microsecond using

  444. round-half-to-even tiebreaker. If no argument is a float, the

  445. conversion and normalization processes are exact (no information is

  446. lost).</p>

  447. <p>If the normalized value of days lies outside the indicated range,

  448. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>

  449. <p>Note that normalization of negative values may be surprising at first. For

  450. example:</p>

  451. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span>

  452. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  453. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="p">)</span>

  454. <span class="go">(-1, 86399, 999999)</span>

  455. </pre></div>

  456. </div>

  457. </dd></dl>

  458. 

  459. <p>Class attributes:</p>

  460. <dl class="py attribute">

  461. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.min">

  462. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  463. <dd><p>The most negative <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(-999999999)</span></code>.</p>

  464. </dd></dl>

  465. 

  466. <dl class="py attribute">

  467. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.max">

  468. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.max" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  469. <dd><p>The most positive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(days=999999999,</span>

  470. <span class="pre">hours=23,</span> <span class="pre">minutes=59,</span> <span class="pre">seconds=59,</span> <span class="pre">microseconds=999999)</span></code>.</p>

  471. </dd></dl>

  472. 

  473. <dl class="py attribute">

  474. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.resolution">

  475. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resolution</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.resolution" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  476. <dd><p>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects,

  477. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(microseconds=1)</span></code>.</p>

  478. </dd></dl>

  479. 

  480. <p>Note that, because of normalization, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.max</span></code> &gt; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta.min</span></code>.

  481. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta.max</span></code> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object.</p>

  482. <p>Instance attributes (read-only):</p>

  483. <table class="docutils align-default">

  484. <thead>

  485. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>

  486. <th class="head"><p>Value</p></th>

  487. </tr>

  488. </thead>

  489. <tbody>

  490. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">days</span></code></p></td>

  491. <td><p>Between -999999999 and 999999999 inclusive</p></td>

  492. </tr>

  493. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seconds</span></code></p></td>

  494. <td><p>Between 0 and 86399 inclusive</p></td>

  495. </tr>

  496. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microseconds</span></code></p></td>

  497. <td><p>Between 0 and 999999 inclusive</p></td>

  498. </tr>

  499. </tbody>

  500. </table>

  501. <p>Supported operations:</p>

  502. <table class="docutils align-default">

  503. <thead>

  504. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Operation</p></th>

  505. <th class="head"><p>Result</p></th>

  506. </tr>

  507. </thead>

  508. <tbody>

  509. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>

  510. <td><p>Sum of <em>t2</em> and <em>t3</em>. Afterwards <em>t1</em>-<em>t2</em> ==

  511. <em>t3</em> and <em>t1</em>-<em>t3</em> == <em>t2</em> are true. (1)</p></td>

  512. </tr>

  513. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>

  514. <td><p>Difference of <em>t2</em> and <em>t3</em>. Afterwards <em>t1</em>

  515. == <em>t2</em> - <em>t3</em> and <em>t2</em> == <em>t1</em> + <em>t3</em> are

  516. true. (1)(6)</p></td>

  517. </tr>

  518. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code></p></td>

  519. <td><p>Delta multiplied by an integer.

  520. Afterwards <em>t1</em> // i == <em>t2</em> is true,

  521. provided <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p></td>

  522. </tr>

  523. <tr class="row-odd"><td></td>

  524. <td><p>In general, <em>t1</em> * i == <em>t1</em> * (i-1) + <em>t1</em>

  525. is true. (1)</p></td>

  526. </tr>

  527. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code></p></td>

  528. <td><p>Delta multiplied by a float. The result is

  529. rounded to the nearest multiple of

  530. timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even.</p></td>

  531. </tr>

  532. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>

  533. <td><p>Division (3) of overall duration <em>t2</em> by

  534. interval unit <em>t3</em>. Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>

  535. object.</p></td>

  536. </tr>

  537. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">i</span></code></p></td>

  538. <td><p>Delta divided by a float or an int. The result

  539. is rounded to the nearest multiple of

  540. timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even.</p></td>

  541. </tr>

  542. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">i</span></code> or

  543. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>

  544. <td><p>The floor is computed and the remainder (if

  545. any) is thrown away. In the second case, an

  546. integer is returned. (3)</p></td>

  547. </tr>

  548. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>

  549. <td><p>The remainder is computed as a

  550. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object. (3)</p></td>

  551. </tr>

  552. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">q,</span> <span class="pre">r</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">divmod(t1,</span> <span class="pre">t2)</span></code></p></td>

  553. <td><p>Computes the quotient and the remainder:

  554. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">q</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code> (3) and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">r</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code>.

  555. q is an integer and r is a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>

  556. object.</p></td>

  557. </tr>

  558. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+t1</span></code></p></td>

  559. <td><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object with the

  560. same value. (2)</p></td>

  561. </tr>

  562. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-t1</span></code></p></td>

  563. <td><p>equivalent to

  564. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>(-<em>t1.days</em>,

  565. -<em>t1.seconds</em>, -<em>t1.microseconds</em>),

  566. and to <em>t1</em>* -1. (1)(4)</p></td>

  567. </tr>

  568. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abs(t)</span></code></p></td>

  569. <td><p>equivalent to +<em>t</em> when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.days</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>,

  570. and to -<em>t</em> when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.days</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>. (2)</p></td>

  571. </tr>

  572. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(t)</span></code></p></td>

  573. <td><p>Returns a string in the form

  574. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[D</span> <span class="pre">day[s],</span> <span class="pre">][H]H:MM:SS[.UUUUUU]</span></code>, where D

  575. is negative for negative <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t</span></code>. (5)</p></td>

  576. </tr>

  577. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr(t)</span></code></p></td>

  578. <td><p>Returns a string representation of the

  579. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object as a constructor

  580. call with canonical attribute values.</p></td>

  581. </tr>

  582. </tbody>

  583. </table>

  584. <p>Notes:</p>

  585. <ol class="arabic">

  586. <li><p>This is exact but may overflow.</p></li>

  587. <li><p>This is exact and cannot overflow.</p></li>

  588. <li><p>Division by 0 raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ZeroDivisionError" title="ZeroDivisionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZeroDivisionError</span></code></a>.</p></li>

  589. <li><p>-<em>timedelta.max</em> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object.</p></li>

  590. <li><p>String representations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects are normalized

  591. similarly to their internal representation. This leads to somewhat

  592. unusual results for negative timedeltas. For example:</p>

  593. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>

  594. <span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=68400)</span>

  595. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">)</span>

  596. <span class="go">-1 day, 19:00:00</span>

  597. </pre></div>

  598. </div>

  599. </li>

  600. <li><p>The expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code> will always be equal to the expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">(-t3)</span></code> except

  601. when t3 is equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.max</span></code>; in that case the former will produce a result

  602. while the latter will overflow.</p></li>

  603. </ol>

  604. <p>In addition to the operations listed above, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects support

  605. certain additions and subtractions with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>

  606. objects (see below).</p>

  607. <div class="versionchanged">

  608. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Floor division and true division of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object by another

  609. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object are now supported, as are remainder operations and

  610. the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#divmod" title="divmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">divmod()</span></code></a> function. True division and multiplication of a

  611. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object by a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> object are now supported.</p>

  612. </div>

  613. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects support equality and order comparisons.</p>

  614. <p>In Boolean contexts, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object is

  615. considered to be true if and only if it isn’t equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(0)</span></code>.</p>

  616. <p>Instance methods:</p>

  617. <dl class="py method">

  618. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.total_seconds">

  619. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">total_seconds</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  620. <dd><p>Return the total number of seconds contained in the duration. Equivalent to

  621. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">td</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">timedelta(seconds=1)</span></code>. For interval units other than seconds, use the

  622. division form directly (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">td</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">timedelta(microseconds=1)</span></code>).</p>

  623. <p>Note that for very large time intervals (greater than 270 years on

  624. most platforms) this method will lose microsecond accuracy.</p>

  625. <div class="versionadded">

  626. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  627. </div>

  628. </dd></dl>

  629. 

  630. <section id="examples-of-usage-timedelta">

  631. <h3>Examples of usage: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage-timedelta" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  632. <p>An additional example of normalization:</p>

  633. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Components of another_year add up to exactly 365 days</span>

  634. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span>

  635. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">365</span><span class="p">)</span>

  636. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">another_year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weeks</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span>

  637. <span class="gp">... </span>                         <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">)</span>

  638. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">another_year</span>

  639. <span class="go">True</span>

  640. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">year</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">total_seconds</span><span class="p">()</span>

  641. <span class="go">31536000.0</span>

  642. </pre></div>

  643. </div>

  644. <p>Examples of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> arithmetic:</p>

  645. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span>

  646. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">365</span><span class="p">)</span>

  647. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ten_years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">year</span>

  648. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ten_years</span>

  649. <span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=3650)</span>

  650. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ten_years</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">365</span>

  651. <span class="go">10</span>

  652. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">nine_years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ten_years</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">year</span>

  653. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">nine_years</span>

  654. <span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=3285)</span>

  655. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">three_years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nine_years</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">3</span>

  656. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">three_years</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">three_years</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">365</span>

  657. <span class="go">(datetime.timedelta(days=1095), 3)</span>

  658. </pre></div>

  659. </div>

  660. </section>

  661. </section>

  662. <section id="date-objects">

  663. <span id="datetime-date"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#date-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  664. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object represents a date (year, month and day) in an idealized

  665. calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in both

  666. directions.</p>

  667. <p>January 1 of year 1 is called day number 1, January 2 of year 1 is

  668. called day number 2, and so on. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id6" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>2<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>

  669. <dl class="py class">

  670. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date">

  671. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">date</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">month</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  672. <dd><p>All arguments are required. Arguments must be integers, in the following

  673. ranges:</p>

  674. <ul class="simple">

  675. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">year</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></p></li>

  676. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">month</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">12</span></code></p></li>

  677. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">day</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">number</span> <span class="pre">of</span> <span class="pre">days</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">the</span> <span class="pre">given</span> <span class="pre">month</span> <span class="pre">and</span> <span class="pre">year</span></code></p></li>

  678. </ul>

  679. <p>If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>

  680. </dd></dl>

  681. 

  682. <p>Other constructors, all class methods:</p>

  683. <dl class="py method">

  684. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.today">

  685. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">today</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.today" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  686. <dd><p>Return the current local date.</p>

  687. <p>This is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromtimestamp(time.time())</span></code>.</p>

  688. </dd></dl>

  689. 

  690. <dl class="py method">

  691. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromtimestamp">

  692. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  693. <dd><p>Return the local date corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is

  694. returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a>.</p>

  695. <p>This may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, if the timestamp is out

  696. of the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code>

  697. function, and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> failure.

  698. It’s common for this to be restricted to years from 1970 through 2038. Note

  699. that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds in their notion of a

  700. timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.date.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a>.</p>

  701. <div class="versionchanged">

  702. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the timestamp

  703. is out of the range of values supported by the platform C

  704. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> function. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> instead of

  705. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> failure.</p>

  706. </div>

  707. </dd></dl>

  708. 

  709. <dl class="py method">

  710. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromordinal">

  711. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromordinal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ordinal</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromordinal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  712. <dd><p>Return the date corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal, where

  713. January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1.</p>

  714. <p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised unless <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">ordinal</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span>

  715. <span class="pre">date.max.toordinal()</span></code>. For any date <em>d</em>,

  716. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal())</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">d</span></code>.</p>

  717. </dd></dl>

  718. 

  719. <dl class="py method">

  720. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromisoformat">

  721. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">date_string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromisoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  722. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> corresponding to a <em>date_string</em> given in any valid

  723. ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:</p>

  724. <ol class="arabic simple">

  725. <li><p>Reduced precision dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM</span></code>,

  726. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY</span></code>).</p></li>

  727. <li><p>Extended date representations are not currently supported

  728. (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±YYYYYY-MM-DD</span></code>).</p></li>

  729. <li><p>Ordinal dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-OOO</span></code>).</p></li>

  730. </ol>

  731. <p>Examples:</p>

  732. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  733. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2019-12-04&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  734. <span class="go">datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)</span>

  735. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;20191204&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  736. <span class="go">datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)</span>

  737. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2021-W01-1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  738. <span class="go">datetime.date(2021, 1, 4)</span>

  739. </pre></div>

  740. </div>

  741. <div class="versionadded">

  742. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.7.</span></p>

  743. </div>

  744. <div class="versionchanged">

  745. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Previously, this method only supported the format <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span></code>.</p>

  746. </div>

  747. </dd></dl>

  748. 

  749. <dl class="py method">

  750. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromisocalendar">

  751. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisocalendar</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">week</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromisocalendar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  752. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> corresponding to the ISO calendar date specified by

  753. year, week and day. This is the inverse of the function <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="datetime.date.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.isocalendar()</span></code></a>.</p>

  754. <div class="versionadded">

  755. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.8.</span></p>

  756. </div>

  757. </dd></dl>

  758. 

  759. <p>Class attributes:</p>

  760. <dl class="py attribute">

  761. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.min">

  762. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  763. <dd><p>The earliest representable date, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(MINYEAR,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1)</span></code>.</p>

  764. </dd></dl>

  765. 

  766. <dl class="py attribute">

  767. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.max">

  768. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.max" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  769. <dd><p>The latest representable date, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(MAXYEAR,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">31)</span></code>.</p>

  770. </dd></dl>

  771. 

  772. <dl class="py attribute">

  773. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.resolution">

  774. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resolution</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.resolution" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  775. <dd><p>The smallest possible difference between non-equal date objects,

  776. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(days=1)</span></code>.</p>

  777. </dd></dl>

  778. 

  779. <p>Instance attributes (read-only):</p>

  780. <dl class="py attribute">

  781. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.year">

  782. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">year</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.year" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  783. <dd><p>Between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a> inclusive.</p>

  784. </dd></dl>

  785. 

  786. <dl class="py attribute">

  787. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.month">

  788. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">month</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.month" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  789. <dd><p>Between 1 and 12 inclusive.</p>

  790. </dd></dl>

  791. 

  792. <dl class="py attribute">

  793. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.day">

  794. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">day</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.day" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  795. <dd><p>Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year.</p>

  796. </dd></dl>

  797. 

  798. <p>Supported operations:</p>

  799. <table class="docutils align-default">

  800. <thead>

  801. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Operation</p></th>

  802. <th class="head"><p>Result</p></th>

  803. </tr>

  804. </thead>

  805. <tbody>

  806. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></p></td>

  807. <td><p><em>date2</em> will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span></code> days

  808. after <em>date1</em>. (1)</p></td>

  809. </tr>

  810. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></p></td>

  811. <td><p>Computes <em>date2</em> such that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">+</span>

  812. <span class="pre">timedelta</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">date1</span></code>. (2)</p></td>

  813. </tr>

  814. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></p></td>

  815. <td><p>(3)</p></td>

  816. </tr>

  817. <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">

  818. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>

  819. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>

  820. </div>

  821. </td>

  822. <td><p>Equality comparison. (4)</p></td>

  823. </tr>

  824. <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">

  825. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>

  826. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>

  827. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>

  828. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>

  829. </div>

  830. </td>

  831. <td><p>Order comparison. (5)</p></td>

  832. </tr>

  833. </tbody>

  834. </table>

  835. <p>Notes:</p>

  836. <ol class="arabic simple">

  837. <li><p><em>date2</em> is moved forward in time if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>, or backward if

  838. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>. Afterward <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">timedelta.days</span></code>.

  839. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.seconds</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.microseconds</span></code> are ignored.

  840. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> is raised if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2.year</span></code> would be smaller than

  841. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> or larger than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a>.</p></li>

  842. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.seconds</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.microseconds</span></code> are ignored.</p></li>

  843. <li><p>This is exact, and cannot overflow. timedelta.seconds and

  844. timedelta.microseconds are 0, and date2 + timedelta == date1 after.</p></li>

  845. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects are equal if they represent the same date.</p></li>

  846. <li><p><em>date1</em> is considered less than <em>date2</em> when <em>date1</em> precedes <em>date2</em> in time.

  847. In other words, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code> if and only if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1.toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span>

  848. <span class="pre">date2.toordinal()</span></code>.</p></li>

  849. </ol>

  850. <p>In Boolean contexts, all <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects are considered to be true.</p>

  851. <p>Instance methods:</p>

  852. <dl class="py method">

  853. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.replace">

  854. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">replace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">month</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.month</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.replace" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  855. <dd><p>Return a date with the same value, except for those parameters given new

  856. values by whichever keyword arguments are specified.</p>

  857. <p>Example:</p>

  858. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  859. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">)</span>

  860. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">)</span>

  861. <span class="go">datetime.date(2002, 12, 26)</span>

  862. </pre></div>

  863. </div>

  864. </dd></dl>

  865. 

  866. <dl class="py method">

  867. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.timetuple">

  868. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timetuple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.timetuple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  869. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.struct_time</span></code></a> such as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.localtime()</span></code></a>.</p>

  870. <p>The hours, minutes and seconds are 0, and the DST flag is -1.</p>

  871. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.timetuple()</span></code> is equivalent to:</p>

  872. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">struct_time</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">month</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weekday</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">yday</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>

  873. </pre></div>

  874. </div>

  875. <p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">yday</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">d.toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date(d.year,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1).toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>

  876. is the day number within the current year starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> for January 1st.</p>

  877. </dd></dl>

  878. 

  879. <dl class="py method">

  880. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.toordinal">

  881. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">toordinal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.toordinal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  882. <dd><p>Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date, where January 1 of year 1

  883. has ordinal 1. For any <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object <em>d</em>,

  884. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal())</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">d</span></code>.</p>

  885. </dd></dl>

  886. 

  887. <dl class="py method">

  888. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.weekday">

  889. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">weekday</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  890. <dd><p>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6.

  891. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(2002,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">4).weekday()</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code>, a Wednesday. See also

  892. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="datetime.date.isoweekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isoweekday()</span></code></a>.</p>

  893. </dd></dl>

  894. 

  895. <dl class="py method">

  896. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.isoweekday">

  897. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isoweekday</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  898. <dd><p>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7.

  899. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(2002,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">4).isoweekday()</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">3</span></code>, a Wednesday. See also

  900. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="datetime.date.weekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weekday()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="datetime.date.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isocalendar()</span></code></a>.</p>

  901. </dd></dl>

  902. 

  903. <dl class="py method">

  904. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.isocalendar">

  905. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isocalendar</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  906. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> object with three components: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code>,

  907. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">week</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weekday</span></code>.</p>

  908. <p>The ISO calendar is a widely used variant of the Gregorian calendar. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id7" id="id3" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>3<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>

  909. <p>The ISO year consists of 52 or 53 full weeks, and where a week starts on a

  910. Monday and ends on a Sunday. The first week of an ISO year is the first

  911. (Gregorian) calendar week of a year containing a Thursday. This is called week

  912. number 1, and the ISO year of that Thursday is the same as its Gregorian year.</p>

  913. <p>For example, 2004 begins on a Thursday, so the first week of ISO year 2004

  914. begins on Monday, 29 Dec 2003 and ends on Sunday, 4 Jan 2004:</p>

  915. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  916. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2003</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isocalendar</span><span class="p">()</span>

  917. <span class="go">datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2004, week=1, weekday=1)</span>

  918. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2004</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isocalendar</span><span class="p">()</span>

  919. <span class="go">datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2004, week=1, weekday=7)</span>

  920. </pre></div>

  921. </div>

  922. <div class="versionchanged">

  923. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Result changed from a tuple to a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a>.</p>

  924. </div>

  925. </dd></dl>

  926. 

  927. <dl class="py method">

  928. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.isoformat">

  929. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  930. <dd><p>Return a string representing the date in ISO 8601 format, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span></code>:</p>

  931. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  932. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>

  933. <span class="go">&#39;2002-12-04&#39;</span>

  934. </pre></div>

  935. </div>

  936. </dd></dl>

  937. 

  938. <dl class="py method">

  939. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.__str__">

  940. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__str__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.__str__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  941. <dd><p>For a date <em>d</em>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(d)</span></code> is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.isoformat()</span></code>.</p>

  942. </dd></dl>

  943. 

  944. <dl class="py method">

  945. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.ctime">

  946. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ctime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.ctime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  947. <dd><p>Return a string representing the date:</p>

  948. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  949. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">()</span>

  950. <span class="go">&#39;Wed Dec  4 00:00:00 2002&#39;</span>

  951. </pre></div>

  952. </div>

  953. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.ctime()</span></code> is equivalent to:</p>

  954. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mktime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timetuple</span><span class="p">()))</span>

  955. </pre></div>

  956. </div>

  957. <p>on platforms where the native C

  958. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctime()</span></code> function (which <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.ctime()</span></code></a> invokes, but which

  959. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.ctime" title="datetime.date.ctime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.ctime()</span></code></a> does not invoke) conforms to the C standard.</p>

  960. </dd></dl>

  961. 

  962. <dl class="py method">

  963. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.strftime">

  964. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strftime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.strftime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  965. <dd><p>Return a string representing the date, controlled by an explicit format string.

  966. Format codes referring to hours, minutes or seconds will see 0 values.

  967. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoformat" title="datetime.date.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  968. </dd></dl>

  969. 

  970. <dl class="py method">

  971. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.__format__">

  972. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__format__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.__format__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  973. <dd><p>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.strftime" title="datetime.date.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.strftime()</span></code></a>. This makes it possible to specify a format

  974. string for a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object in <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#f-strings"><span class="std std-ref">formatted string

  975. literals</span></a> and when using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.format" title="str.format"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.format()</span></code></a>.

  976. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoformat" title="datetime.date.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  977. </dd></dl>

  978. 

  979. <section id="examples-of-usage-date">

  980. <h3>Examples of Usage: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage-date" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  981. <p>Example of counting days to an event:</p>

  982. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span>

  983. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  984. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">today</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">today</span><span class="p">()</span>

  985. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">today</span>

  986. <span class="go">datetime.date(2007, 12, 5)</span>

  987. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">today</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromtimestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">())</span>

  988. <span class="go">True</span>

  989. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">my_birthday</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">today</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span>

  990. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">my_birthday</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">today</span><span class="p">:</span>

  991. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">my_birthday</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">my_birthday</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">today</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  992. <span class="gp">...</span>

  993. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">my_birthday</span>

  994. <span class="go">datetime.date(2008, 6, 24)</span>

  995. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time_to_birthday</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_birthday</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">today</span><span class="p">)</span>

  996. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time_to_birthday</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span>

  997. <span class="go">202</span>

  998. </pre></div>

  999. </div>

  1000. <p>More examples of working with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a>:</p>

  1001. <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">date</span>

  1002. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromordinal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">730920</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 730920th day after 1. 1. 0001</span>

  1003. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span>

  1004. <span class="go">datetime.date(2002, 3, 11)</span>

  1005. 

  1006. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Methods related to formatting string output</span>

  1007. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1008. <span class="go">&#39;2002-03-11&#39;</span>

  1009. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">/%m/%y&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1010. <span class="go">&#39;11/03/02&#39;</span>

  1011. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;%A </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">. %B %Y&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1012. <span class="go">&#39;Monday 11. March 2002&#39;</span>

  1013. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1014. <span class="go">&#39;Mon Mar 11 00:00:00 2002&#39;</span>

  1015. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="s1">&#39;The </span><span class="si">{1}</span><span class="s1"> is {0:</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">}, the </span><span class="si">{2}</span><span class="s1"> is {0:%B}.&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;day&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;month&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1016. <span class="go">&#39;The day is 11, the month is March.&#39;</span>

  1017. 

  1018. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Methods for to extracting &#39;components&#39; under different calendars</span>

  1019. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timetuple</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1020. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span>     

  1021. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1022. <span class="go">2002                # year</span>

  1023. <span class="go">3                   # month</span>

  1024. <span class="go">11                  # day</span>

  1025. <span class="go">0</span>

  1026. <span class="go">0</span>

  1027. <span class="go">0</span>

  1028. <span class="go">0                   # weekday (0 = Monday)</span>

  1029. <span class="go">70                  # 70th day in the year</span>

  1030. <span class="go">-1</span>

  1031. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isocalendar</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1032. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ic</span><span class="p">:</span>    

  1033. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1034. <span class="go">2002                # ISO year</span>

  1035. <span class="go">11                  # ISO week number</span>

  1036. <span class="go">1                   # ISO day number ( 1 = Monday )</span>

  1037. 

  1038. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># A date object is immutable; all operations produce a new object</span>

  1039. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2005</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1040. <span class="go">datetime.date(2005, 3, 11)</span>

  1041. </pre></div>

  1042. </div>

  1043. </section>

  1044. </section>

  1045. <section id="datetime-objects">

  1046. <span id="datetime-datetime"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  1047. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object is a single object containing all the information

  1048. from a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object and a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object.</p>

  1049. <p>Like a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> assumes the current Gregorian

  1050. calendar extended in both directions; like a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object,

  1051. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> assumes there are exactly 3600*24 seconds in every day.</p>

  1052. <p>Constructor:</p>

  1053. <dl class="py class">

  1054. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime">

  1055. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">datetime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">month</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hour</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">minute</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">second</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1056. <dd><p>The <em>year</em>, <em>month</em> and <em>day</em> arguments are required. <em>tzinfo</em> may be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, or an

  1057. instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass. The remaining arguments must be integers

  1058. in the following ranges:</p>

  1059. <ul class="simple">

  1060. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">year</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code>,</p></li>

  1061. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">month</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">12</span></code>,</p></li>

  1062. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">day</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">number</span> <span class="pre">of</span> <span class="pre">days</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">the</span> <span class="pre">given</span> <span class="pre">month</span> <span class="pre">and</span> <span class="pre">year</span></code>,</p></li>

  1063. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">hour</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">24</span></code>,</p></li>

  1064. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">minute</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">60</span></code>,</p></li>

  1065. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">second</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">60</span></code>,</p></li>

  1066. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">microsecond</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">1000000</span></code>,</p></li>

  1067. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">[0,</span> <span class="pre">1]</span></code>.</p></li>

  1068. </ul>

  1069. <p>If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>

  1070. <div class="versionchanged">

  1071. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added the <em>fold</em> parameter.</p>

  1072. </div>

  1073. </dd></dl>

  1074. 

  1075. <p>Other constructors, all class methods:</p>

  1076. <dl class="py method">

  1077. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.today">

  1078. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">today</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.today" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1079. <dd><p>Return the current local datetime, with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  1080. <p>Equivalent to:</p>

  1081. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromtimestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">())</span>

  1082. </pre></div>

  1083. </div>

  1084. <p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">now()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1085. <p>This method is functionally equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">now()</span></code></a>, but without a

  1086. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tz</span></code> parameter.</p>

  1087. </dd></dl>

  1088. 

  1089. <dl class="py method">

  1090. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.now">

  1091. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">now</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tz</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1092. <dd><p>Return the current local date and time.</p>

  1093. <p>If optional argument <em>tz</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>

  1094. or not specified, this is like <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.today" title="datetime.datetime.today"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">today()</span></code></a>, but, if possible, supplies more

  1095. precision than can be gotten from going through a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a> timestamp

  1096. (for example, this may be possible on platforms supplying the C

  1097. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gettimeofday()</span></code> function).</p>

  1098. <p>If <em>tz</em> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, it must be an instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass,

  1099. and the current date and time are converted to <em>tz</em>’s time zone.</p>

  1100. <p>This function is preferred over <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.today" title="datetime.datetime.today"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">today()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcnow" title="datetime.datetime.utcnow"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcnow()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1101. </dd></dl>

  1102. 

  1103. <dl class="py method">

  1104. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.utcnow">

  1105. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utcnow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utcnow" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1106. <dd><p>Return the current UTC date and time, with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  1107. <p>This is like <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">now()</span></code></a>, but returns the current UTC date and time, as a naive

  1108. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object. An aware current UTC datetime can be obtained by

  1109. calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.now(timezone.utc)</span></code>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">now()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1110. <div class="admonition warning">

  1111. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  1112. <p>Because naive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects are treated by many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> methods

  1113. as local times, it is preferred to use aware datetimes to represent times

  1114. in UTC. As such, the recommended way to create an object representing the

  1115. current time in UTC is by calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.now(timezone.utc)</span></code>.</p>

  1116. </div>

  1117. <div class="deprecated">

  1118. <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.12: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.now()</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.UTC" title="datetime.UTC"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UTC</span></code></a> instead.</p>

  1119. </div>

  1120. </dd></dl>

  1121. 

  1122. <dl class="py method">

  1123. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp">

  1124. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tz</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1125. <dd><p>Return the local date and time corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is

  1126. returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a>. If optional argument <em>tz</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or not

  1127. specified, the timestamp is converted to the platform’s local date and time, and

  1128. the returned <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object is naive.</p>

  1129. <p>If <em>tz</em> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, it must be an instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass, and the

  1130. timestamp is converted to <em>tz</em>’s time zone.</p>

  1131. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a> may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, if the timestamp is out of

  1132. the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> or

  1133. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> functions, and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> or

  1134. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> failure.

  1135. It’s common for this to be restricted to years in

  1136. 1970 through 2038. Note that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds in

  1137. their notion of a timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a>,

  1138. and then it’s possible to have two timestamps differing by a second that yield

  1139. identical <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> objects. This method is preferred over

  1140. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcfromtimestamp()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1141. <div class="versionchanged">

  1142. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the timestamp

  1143. is out of the range of values supported by the platform C

  1144. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> or <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> functions. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>

  1145. instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> or <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code>

  1146. failure.</p>

  1147. </div>

  1148. <div class="versionchanged">

  1149. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a> may return instances with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> set to 1.</p>

  1150. </div>

  1151. </dd></dl>

  1152. 

  1153. <dl class="py method">

  1154. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp">

  1155. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utcfromtimestamp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1156. <dd><p>Return the UTC <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, with

  1157. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.  (The resulting object is naive.)</p>

  1158. <p>This may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, if the timestamp is

  1159. out of the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> function,

  1160. and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> failure.

  1161. It’s common for this to be restricted to years in 1970 through 2038.</p>

  1162. <p>To get an aware <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object, call <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a>:</p>

  1163. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromtimestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1164. </pre></div>

  1165. </div>

  1166. <p>On the POSIX compliant platforms, it is equivalent to the following

  1167. expression:</p>

  1168. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1970</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timestamp</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1169. </pre></div>

  1170. </div>

  1171. <p>except the latter formula always supports the full years range: between

  1172. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a> inclusive.</p>

  1173. <div class="admonition warning">

  1174. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  1175. <p>Because naive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects are treated by many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> methods

  1176. as local times, it is preferred to use aware datetimes to represent times

  1177. in UTC. As such, the recommended way to create an object representing a

  1178. specific timestamp in UTC is by calling

  1179. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp,</span> <span class="pre">tz=timezone.utc)</span></code>.</p>

  1180. </div>

  1181. <div class="versionchanged">

  1182. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the timestamp

  1183. is out of the range of values supported by the platform C

  1184. <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> function. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> instead of

  1185. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gmtime()</span></code> failure.</p>

  1186. </div>

  1187. <div class="deprecated">

  1188. <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.12: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.fromtimestamp()</span></code></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.UTC" title="datetime.UTC"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UTC</span></code></a> instead.</p>

  1189. </div>

  1190. </dd></dl>

  1191. 

  1192. <dl class="py method">

  1193. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.fromordinal">

  1194. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromordinal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ordinal</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fromordinal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1195. <dd><p>Return the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal,

  1196. where January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised unless <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span>

  1197. <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">ordinal</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">datetime.max.toordinal()</span></code>. The hour, minute, second and

  1198. microsecond of the result are all 0, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  1199. </dd></dl>

  1200. 

  1201. <dl class="py method">

  1202. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.combine">

  1203. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">combine</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">date</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">time</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">time.tzinfo</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.combine" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1204. <dd><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object whose date components are equal to the

  1205. given <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object’s, and whose time components

  1206. are equal to the given <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object’s. If the <em>tzinfo</em>

  1207. argument is provided, its value is used to set the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attribute

  1208. of the result, otherwise the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attribute of the <em>time</em> argument

  1209. is used.  If the <em>date</em> argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object, its time components

  1210. and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attributes are ignored.</p>

  1211. <p>For any <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object <em>d</em>,

  1212. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">datetime.combine(d.date(),</span> <span class="pre">d.time(),</span> <span class="pre">d.tzinfo)</span></code>.</p>

  1213. <div class="versionchanged">

  1214. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added the <em>tzinfo</em> argument.</p>

  1215. </div>

  1216. </dd></dl>

  1217. 

  1218. <dl class="py method">

  1219. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.fromisoformat">

  1220. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">date_string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fromisoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1221. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> corresponding to a <em>date_string</em> in any valid

  1222. ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:</p>

  1223. <ol class="arabic simple">

  1224. <li><p>Time zone offsets may have fractional seconds.</p></li>

  1225. <li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T</span></code> separator may be replaced by any single unicode character.</p></li>

  1226. <li><p>Fractional hours and minutes are not supported.</p></li>

  1227. <li><p>Reduced precision dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM</span></code>,

  1228. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY</span></code>).</p></li>

  1229. <li><p>Extended date representations are not currently supported

  1230. (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±YYYYYY-MM-DD</span></code>).</p></li>

  1231. <li><p>Ordinal dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-OOO</span></code>).</p></li>

  1232. </ol>

  1233. <p>Examples:</p>

  1234. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>

  1235. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-11-04&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1236. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 0)</span>

  1237. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;20111104&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1238. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 0)</span>

  1239. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-11-04T00:05:23&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1240. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)</span>

  1241. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-11-04T00:05:23Z&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1242. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)</span>

  1243. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;20111104T000523&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1244. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)</span>

  1245. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-W01-2T00:05:23.283&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1246. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)</span>

  1247. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-11-04 00:05:23.283&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1248. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)</span>

  1249. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-11-04 00:05:23.283+00:00&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1250. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)</span>

  1251. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2011-11-04T00:05:23+04:00&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>   

  1252. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23,</span>

  1253. <span class="go">    tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=14400)))</span>

  1254. </pre></div>

  1255. </div>

  1256. <div class="versionadded">

  1257. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.7.</span></p>

  1258. </div>

  1259. <div class="versionchanged">

  1260. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Previously, this method only supported formats that could be emitted by

  1261. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoformat" title="datetime.date.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.isoformat()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isoformat" title="datetime.datetime.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1262. </div>

  1263. </dd></dl>

  1264. 

  1265. <dl class="py method">

  1266. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar">

  1267. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisocalendar</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">week</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1268. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> corresponding to the ISO calendar date specified

  1269. by year, week and day. The non-date components of the datetime are populated

  1270. with their normal default values. This is the inverse of the function

  1271. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isocalendar" title="datetime.datetime.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.isocalendar()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1272. <div class="versionadded">

  1273. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.8.</span></p>

  1274. </div>

  1275. </dd></dl>

  1276. 

  1277. <dl class="py method">

  1278. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.strptime">

  1279. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strptime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">date_string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1280. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> corresponding to <em>date_string</em>, parsed according to

  1281. <em>format</em>.</p>

  1282. <p>If <em>format</em> does not contain microseconds or timezone information, this is equivalent to:</p>

  1283. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]))</span>

  1284. </pre></div>

  1285. </div>

  1286. <p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised if the date_string and format

  1287. can’t be parsed by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.strptime()</span></code></a> or if it returns a value which isn’t a

  1288. time tuple.  See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and

  1289. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromisoformat" title="datetime.datetime.fromisoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.fromisoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1290. </dd></dl>

  1291. 

  1292. <p>Class attributes:</p>

  1293. <dl class="py attribute">

  1294. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.min">

  1295. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1296. <dd><p>The earliest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime(MINYEAR,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span>

  1297. <span class="pre">tzinfo=None)</span></code>.</p>

  1298. </dd></dl>

  1299. 

  1300. <dl class="py attribute">

  1301. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.max">

  1302. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.max" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1303. <dd><p>The latest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime(MAXYEAR,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">31,</span> <span class="pre">23,</span> <span class="pre">59,</span>

  1304. <span class="pre">59,</span> <span class="pre">999999,</span> <span class="pre">tzinfo=None)</span></code>.</p>

  1305. </dd></dl>

  1306. 

  1307. <dl class="py attribute">

  1308. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.resolution">

  1309. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resolution</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.resolution" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1310. <dd><p>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> objects,

  1311. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(microseconds=1)</span></code>.</p>

  1312. </dd></dl>

  1313. 

  1314. <p>Instance attributes (read-only):</p>

  1315. <dl class="py attribute">

  1316. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.year">

  1317. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">year</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.year" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1318. <dd><p>Between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a> inclusive.</p>

  1319. </dd></dl>

  1320. 

  1321. <dl class="py attribute">

  1322. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.month">

  1323. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">month</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.month" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1324. <dd><p>Between 1 and 12 inclusive.</p>

  1325. </dd></dl>

  1326. 

  1327. <dl class="py attribute">

  1328. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.day">

  1329. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">day</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.day" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1330. <dd><p>Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year.</p>

  1331. </dd></dl>

  1332. 

  1333. <dl class="py attribute">

  1334. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.hour">

  1335. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">hour</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1336. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(24)</span></code>.</p>

  1337. </dd></dl>

  1338. 

  1339. <dl class="py attribute">

  1340. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.minute">

  1341. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">minute</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1342. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(60)</span></code>.</p>

  1343. </dd></dl>

  1344. 

  1345. <dl class="py attribute">

  1346. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.second">

  1347. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">second</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.second" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1348. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(60)</span></code>.</p>

  1349. </dd></dl>

  1350. 

  1351. <dl class="py attribute">

  1352. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.microsecond">

  1353. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1354. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(1000000)</span></code>.</p>

  1355. </dd></dl>

  1356. 

  1357. <dl class="py attribute">

  1358. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.tzinfo">

  1359. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1360. <dd><p>The object passed as the <em>tzinfo</em> argument to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> constructor,

  1361. or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if none was passed.</p>

  1362. </dd></dl>

  1363. 

  1364. <dl class="py attribute">

  1365. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.fold">

  1366. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fold</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1367. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0,</span> <span class="pre">1]</span></code>. Used to disambiguate wall times during a repeated interval. (A

  1368. repeated interval occurs when clocks are rolled back at the end of daylight saving

  1369. time or when the UTC offset for the current zone is decreased for political reasons.)

  1370. The value 0 (1) represents the earlier (later) of the two moments with the same wall

  1371. time representation.</p>

  1372. <div class="versionadded">

  1373. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6.</span></p>

  1374. </div>

  1375. </dd></dl>

  1376. 

  1377. <p>Supported operations:</p>

  1378. <table class="docutils align-default">

  1379. <thead>

  1380. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Operation</p></th>

  1381. <th class="head"><p>Result</p></th>

  1382. </tr>

  1383. </thead>

  1384. <tbody>

  1385. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></p></td>

  1386. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  1387. </tr>

  1388. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></p></td>

  1389. <td><p>(2)</p></td>

  1390. </tr>

  1391. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></p></td>

  1392. <td><p>(3)</p></td>

  1393. </tr>

  1394. <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">

  1395. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></div>

  1396. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></div>

  1397. </div>

  1398. </td>

  1399. <td><p>Equality comparison. (4)</p></td>

  1400. </tr>

  1401. <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">

  1402. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></div>

  1403. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></div>

  1404. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></div>

  1405. <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">datetime2</span></code></div>

  1406. </div>

  1407. </td>

  1408. <td><p>Order comparison. (5)</p></td>

  1409. </tr>

  1410. </tbody>

  1411. </table>

  1412. <ol class="arabic">

  1413. <li><p>datetime2 is a duration of timedelta removed from datetime1, moving forward in

  1414. time if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span></code> &gt; 0, or backward if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span></code> &lt; 0. The

  1415. result has the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attribute as the input datetime, and

  1416. datetime2 - datetime1 == timedelta after. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> is raised if

  1417. datetime2.year would be smaller than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> or larger than

  1418. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a>. Note that no time zone adjustments are done even if the

  1419. input is an aware object.</p></li>

  1420. <li><p>Computes the datetime2 such that datetime2 + timedelta == datetime1. As for

  1421. addition, the result has the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attribute as the input

  1422. datetime, and no time zone adjustments are done even if the input is aware.</p></li>

  1423. <li><p>Subtraction of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> from a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> is defined only if

  1424. both operands are naive, or if both are aware. If one is aware and the other is

  1425. naive, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>

  1426. <p>If both are naive, or both are aware and have the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attribute,

  1427. the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attributes are ignored, and the result is a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>

  1428. object <em>t</em> such that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime2</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">t</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">datetime1</span></code>. No time zone adjustments

  1429. are done in this case.</p>

  1430. <p>If both are aware and have different <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attributes, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a-b</span></code> acts

  1431. as if <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> were first converted to naive UTC datetimes. The

  1432. result is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(a.replace(tzinfo=None)</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">a.utcoffset())</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">(b.replace(tzinfo=None)</span>

  1433. <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">b.utcoffset())</span></code> except that the implementation never overflows.</p>

  1434. </li>

  1435. <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> objects are equal if they represent the same date

  1436. and time, taking into account the time zone.</p>

  1437. <p>Naive and aware <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects are never equal.

  1438. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects are never equal to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects

  1439. that are not also <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> instances, even if they represent

  1440. the same date.</p>

  1441. <p>If both comparands are aware, and have the same <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> attribute,

  1442. the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> attributes are ignored and

  1443. the base datetimes are compared.

  1444. If both comparands are aware and have different <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>

  1445. attributes, the comparison acts as comparands were first converted to UTC

  1446. datetimes except that the implementation never overflows.

  1447. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> instances in a repeated interval are never equal to

  1448. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> instances in other time zone.</p>

  1449. </li>

  1450. <li><p><em>datetime1</em> is considered less than <em>datetime2</em> when <em>datetime1</em> precedes

  1451. <em>datetime2</em> in time, taking into account the time zone.</p>

  1452. <p>Order comparison between naive and aware <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> objects,

  1453. as well as a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> object and a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> object

  1454. that is not also a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> instance, raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>

  1455. <p>If both comparands are aware, and have the same <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> attribute,

  1456. the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> attributes are ignored and

  1457. the base datetimes are compared.

  1458. If both comparands are aware and have different <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>

  1459. attributes, the comparison acts as comparands were first converted to UTC

  1460. datetimes except that the implementation never overflows.</p>

  1461. </li>

  1462. </ol>

  1463. <div class="versionchanged">

  1464. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Equality comparisons between aware and naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>

  1465. instances don’t raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>

  1466. </div>

  1467. <p>Instance methods:</p>

  1468. <dl class="py method">

  1469. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.date">

  1470. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">date</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.date" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1471. <dd><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object with same year, month and day.</p>

  1472. </dd></dl>

  1473. 

  1474. <dl class="py method">

  1475. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.time">

  1476. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">time</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.time" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1477. <dd><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond and fold.

  1478. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. See also method <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.timetz" title="datetime.datetime.timetz"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timetz()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1479. <div class="versionchanged">

  1480. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>The fold value is copied to the returned <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object.</p>

  1481. </div>

  1482. </dd></dl>

  1483. 

  1484. <dl class="py method">

  1485. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.timetz">

  1486. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timetz</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.timetz" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1487. <dd><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold, and

  1488. tzinfo attributes. See also method <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1489. <div class="versionchanged">

  1490. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>The fold value is copied to the returned <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object.</p>

  1491. </div>

  1492. </dd></dl>

  1493. 

  1494. <dl class="py method">

  1495. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.replace">

  1496. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">replace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">month</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.month</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.day</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hour</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.hour</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">minute</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.minute</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">second</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.second</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.microsecond</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.replace" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1497. <dd><p>Return a datetime with the same attributes, except for those attributes given

  1498. new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. Note that

  1499. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo=None</span></code> can be specified to create a naive datetime from an aware

  1500. datetime with no conversion of date and time data.</p>

  1501. <div class="versionchanged">

  1502. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added the <em>fold</em> parameter.</p>

  1503. </div>

  1504. </dd></dl>

  1505. 

  1506. <dl class="py method">

  1507. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.astimezone">

  1508. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">astimezone</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tz</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1509. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object with new <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> attribute <em>tz</em>,

  1510. adjusting the date and time data so the result is the same UTC time as

  1511. <em>self</em>, but in <em>tz</em>’s local time.</p>

  1512. <p>If provided, <em>tz</em> must be an instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass, and its

  1513. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> methods must not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. If <em>self</em>

  1514. is naive, it is presumed to represent time in the system timezone.</p>

  1515. <p>If called without arguments (or with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tz=None</span></code>) the system local

  1516. timezone is assumed for the target timezone. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tzinfo</span></code> attribute of the converted

  1517. datetime instance will be set to an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a>

  1518. with the zone name and offset obtained from the OS.</p>

  1519. <p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo</span></code> is <em>tz</em>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.astimezone(tz)</span></code> is equal to <em>self</em>:  no

  1520. adjustment of date or time data is performed. Else the result is local

  1521. time in the timezone <em>tz</em>, representing the same UTC time as <em>self</em>:  after

  1522. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astz</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">dt.astimezone(tz)</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astz</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">astz.utcoffset()</span></code> will have

  1523. the same date and time data as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">dt.utcoffset()</span></code>.</p>

  1524. <p>If you merely want to attach a time zone object <em>tz</em> to a datetime <em>dt</em> without

  1525. adjustment of date and time data, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)</span></code>. If you

  1526. merely want to remove the time zone object from an aware datetime <em>dt</em> without

  1527. conversion of date and time data, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt.replace(tzinfo=None)</span></code>.</p>

  1528. <p>Note that the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo.fromutc()</span></code></a> method can be overridden in a

  1529. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass to affect the result returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone()</span></code></a>.

  1530. Ignoring error cases, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone()</span></code></a> acts like:</p>

  1531. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">astimezone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tz</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1532.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">tz</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1533.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span>

  1534.     <span class="c1"># Convert self to UTC, and attach the new time zone object.</span>

  1535.     <span class="n">utc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utcoffset</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">tz</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1536.     <span class="c1"># Convert from UTC to tz&#39;s local time.</span>

  1537.     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tz</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromutc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1538. </pre></div>

  1539. </div>

  1540. <div class="versionchanged">

  1541. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>tz</em> now can be omitted.</p>

  1542. </div>

  1543. <div class="versionchanged">

  1544. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone()</span></code></a> method can now be called on naive instances that

  1545. are presumed to represent system local time.</p>

  1546. </div>

  1547. </dd></dl>

  1548. 

  1549. <dl class="py method">

  1550. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.utcoffset">

  1551. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utcoffset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1552. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, else returns

  1553. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self)</span></code>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t

  1554. return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object with magnitude less than one day.</p>

  1555. <div class="versionchanged">

  1556. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  1557. </div>

  1558. </dd></dl>

  1559. 

  1560. <dl class="py method">

  1561. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.dst">

  1562. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dst</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1563. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, else returns

  1564. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo.dst(self)</span></code>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return

  1565. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object with magnitude less than one day.</p>

  1566. <div class="versionchanged">

  1567. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The DST offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  1568. </div>

  1569. </dd></dl>

  1570. 

  1571. <dl class="py method">

  1572. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.tzname">

  1573. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.tzname" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1574. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, else returns

  1575. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo.tzname(self)</span></code>, raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return

  1576. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or a string object,</p>

  1577. </dd></dl>

  1578. 

  1579. <dl class="py method">

  1580. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.timetuple">

  1581. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timetuple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.timetuple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1582. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.struct_time</span></code></a> such as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.localtime()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1583. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.timetuple()</span></code> is equivalent to:</p>

  1584. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">struct_time</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">month</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">,</span>

  1585.                   <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minute</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">,</span>

  1586.                   <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weekday</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">yday</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">))</span>

  1587. </pre></div>

  1588. </div>

  1589. <p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">yday</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">d.toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date(d.year,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1).toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>

  1590. is the day number within the current year starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> for January

  1591. 1st. The <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time.tm_isdst" title="time.struct_time.tm_isdst"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code></a> flag of the result is set according to the

  1592. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> method: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> returns

  1593. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>; else if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> returns a

  1594. non-zero value, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>; else <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code> is

  1595. set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p>

  1596. </dd></dl>

  1597. 

  1598. <dl class="py method">

  1599. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.utctimetuple">

  1600. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utctimetuple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utctimetuple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1601. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instance <em>d</em> is naive, this is the same as

  1602. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.timetuple()</span></code> except that <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time.tm_isdst" title="time.struct_time.tm_isdst"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code></a> is forced to 0 regardless of what

  1603. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.dst()</span></code> returns. DST is never in effect for a UTC time.</p>

  1604. <p>If <em>d</em> is aware, <em>d</em> is normalized to UTC time, by subtracting

  1605. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.utcoffset()</span></code>, and a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.struct_time</span></code></a> for the

  1606. normalized time is returned. <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code> is forced to 0. Note

  1607. that an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> may be raised if <em>d</em>.year was

  1608. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code> and UTC adjustment spills over a year

  1609. boundary.</p>

  1610. <div class="admonition warning">

  1611. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  1612. <p>Because naive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects are treated by many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> methods

  1613. as local times, it is preferred to use aware datetimes to represent times

  1614. in UTC; as a result, using <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utctimetuple" title="datetime.datetime.utctimetuple"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.utctimetuple()</span></code></a> may give misleading

  1615. results. If you have a naive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> representing UTC, use

  1616. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)</span></code> to make it aware, at which point

  1617. you can use <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.timetuple" title="datetime.datetime.timetuple"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timetuple()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1618. </div>

  1619. </dd></dl>

  1620. 

  1621. <dl class="py method">

  1622. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.toordinal">

  1623. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">toordinal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.toordinal" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1624. <dd><p>Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date. The same as

  1625. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.date().toordinal()</span></code>.</p>

  1626. </dd></dl>

  1627. 

  1628. <dl class="py method">

  1629. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.timestamp">

  1630. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.timestamp" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1631. <dd><p>Return POSIX timestamp corresponding to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>

  1632. instance. The return value is a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> similar to that

  1633. returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1634. <p>Naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instances are assumed to represent local

  1635. time and this method relies on the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mktime()</span></code>

  1636. function to perform the conversion. Since <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>

  1637. supports wider range of values than <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mktime()</span></code> on many

  1638. platforms, this method may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>

  1639. for times far in the past or far in the future.</p>

  1640. <p>For aware <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instances, the return value is computed

  1641. as:</p>

  1642. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1970</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">total_seconds</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1643. </pre></div>

  1644. </div>

  1645. <div class="versionadded">

  1646. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.3.</span></p>

  1647. </div>

  1648. <div class="versionchanged">

  1649. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.timestamp" title="datetime.datetime.timestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp()</span></code></a> method uses the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> attribute to

  1650. disambiguate the times during a repeated interval.</p>

  1651. </div>

  1652. <div class="admonition note">

  1653. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1654. <p>There is no method to obtain the POSIX timestamp directly from a

  1655. naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instance representing UTC time. If your

  1656. application uses this convention and your system timezone is not

  1657. set to UTC, you can obtain the POSIX timestamp by supplying

  1658. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo=timezone.utc</span></code>:</p>

  1659. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">timestamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timestamp</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1660. </pre></div>

  1661. </div>

  1662. <p>or by calculating the timestamp directly:</p>

  1663. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">timestamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1970</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1664. </pre></div>

  1665. </div>

  1666. </div>

  1667. </dd></dl>

  1668. 

  1669. <dl class="py method">

  1670. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.weekday">

  1671. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">weekday</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.weekday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1672. <dd><p>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6.

  1673. The same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.date().weekday()</span></code>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isoweekday" title="datetime.datetime.isoweekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isoweekday()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1674. </dd></dl>

  1675. 

  1676. <dl class="py method">

  1677. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.isoweekday">

  1678. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isoweekday</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.isoweekday" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1679. <dd><p>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7.

  1680. The same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.date().isoweekday()</span></code>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.weekday" title="datetime.datetime.weekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weekday()</span></code></a>,

  1681. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isocalendar" title="datetime.datetime.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isocalendar()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1682. </dd></dl>

  1683. 

  1684. <dl class="py method">

  1685. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.isocalendar">

  1686. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isocalendar</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.isocalendar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1687. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> with three components: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">week</span></code>

  1688. and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weekday</span></code>. The same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.date().isocalendar()</span></code>.</p>

  1689. </dd></dl>

  1690. 

  1691. <dl class="py method">

  1692. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.isoformat">

  1693. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sep</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'T'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timespec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'auto'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.isoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1694. <dd><p>Return a string representing the date and time in ISO 8601 format:</p>

  1695. <ul class="simple">

  1696. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is not 0</p></li>

  1697. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is 0</p></li>

  1698. </ul>

  1699. <p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, a string is

  1700. appended, giving the UTC offset:</p>

  1701. <ul class="simple">

  1702. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a>

  1703. is not 0</p></li>

  1704. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]</span></code>,  if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is 0</p></li>

  1705. </ul>

  1706. <p>Examples:</p>

  1707. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>

  1708. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">132263</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1709. <span class="go">&#39;2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263&#39;</span>

  1710. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2019</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1711. <span class="go">&#39;2019-05-18T15:17:00+00:00&#39;</span>

  1712. </pre></div>

  1713. </div>

  1714. <p>The optional argument <em>sep</em> (default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'T'</span></code>) is a one-character separator,

  1715. placed between the date and time portions of the result. For example:</p>

  1716. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>

  1717. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TZ</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1718. <span class="gp">... </span><span class="w">    </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;A time zone with an arbitrary, constant -06:39 offset.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

  1719. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">utcoffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1720. <span class="gp">... </span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1721. <span class="gp">...</span>

  1722. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TZ</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1723. <span class="go">&#39;2002-12-25 00:00:00-06:39&#39;</span>

  1724. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2009</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TZ</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1725. <span class="go">&#39;2009-11-27T00:00:00.000100-06:39&#39;</span>

  1726. </pre></div>

  1727. </div>

  1728. <p>The optional argument <em>timespec</em> specifies the number of additional

  1729. components of the time to include (the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'auto'</span></code>).

  1730. It can be one of the following:</p>

  1731. <ul class="simple">

  1732. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'auto'</span></code>: Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'seconds'</span></code> if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is 0,

  1733. same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'microseconds'</span></code> otherwise.</p></li>

  1734. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'hours'</span></code>: Include the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="datetime.datetime.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a> in the two-digit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH</span></code> format.</p></li>

  1735. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'minutes'</span></code>: Include <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="datetime.datetime.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="datetime.datetime.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM</span></code> format.</p></li>

  1736. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'seconds'</span></code>: Include <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="datetime.datetime.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="datetime.datetime.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.second" title="datetime.datetime.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">second</span></code></a>

  1737. in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS</span></code> format.</p></li>

  1738. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'milliseconds'</span></code>: Include full time, but truncate fractional second

  1739. part to milliseconds. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.sss</span></code> format.</p></li>

  1740. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'microseconds'</span></code>: Include full time in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.ffffff</span></code> format.</p></li>

  1741. </ul>

  1742. <div class="admonition note">

  1743. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1744. <p>Excluded time components are truncated, not rounded.</p>

  1745. </div>

  1746. <p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised on an invalid <em>timespec</em> argument:</p>

  1747. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>

  1748. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timespec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;minutes&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>   

  1749. <span class="go">&#39;2002-12-25T00:00&#39;</span>

  1750. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2015</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">59</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1751. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timespec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;microseconds&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1752. <span class="go">&#39;2015-01-01T12:30:59.000000&#39;</span>

  1753. </pre></div>

  1754. </div>

  1755. <div class="versionchanged">

  1756. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added the <em>timespec</em> parameter.</p>

  1757. </div>

  1758. </dd></dl>

  1759. 

  1760. <dl class="py method">

  1761. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.__str__">

  1762. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__str__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.__str__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1763. <dd><p>For a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instance <em>d</em>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(d)</span></code> is equivalent to

  1764. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.isoformat('</span> <span class="pre">')</span></code>.</p>

  1765. </dd></dl>

  1766. 

  1767. <dl class="py method">

  1768. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.ctime">

  1769. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ctime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.ctime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1770. <dd><p>Return a string representing the date and time:</p>

  1771. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>

  1772. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1773. <span class="go">&#39;Wed Dec  4 20:30:40 2002&#39;</span>

  1774. </pre></div>

  1775. </div>

  1776. <p>The output string will <em>not</em> include time zone information, regardless

  1777. of whether the input is aware or naive.</p>

  1778. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.ctime()</span></code> is equivalent to:</p>

  1779. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mktime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timetuple</span><span class="p">()))</span>

  1780. </pre></div>

  1781. </div>

  1782. <p>on platforms where the native C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctime()</span></code> function

  1783. (which <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.ctime()</span></code></a> invokes, but which

  1784. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.ctime" title="datetime.datetime.ctime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.ctime()</span></code></a> does not invoke) conforms to the C standard.</p>

  1785. </dd></dl>

  1786. 

  1787. <dl class="py method">

  1788. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.strftime">

  1789. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strftime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1790. <dd><p>Return a string representing the date and time,

  1791. controlled by an explicit format string.

  1792. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isoformat" title="datetime.datetime.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1793. </dd></dl>

  1794. 

  1795. <dl class="py method">

  1796. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.datetime.__format__">

  1797. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__format__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.__format__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1798. <dd><p>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.strftime()</span></code></a>. This makes it possible to specify a format

  1799. string for a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object in <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#f-strings"><span class="std std-ref">formatted string

  1800. literals</span></a> and when using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.format" title="str.format"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.format()</span></code></a>.

  1801. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isoformat" title="datetime.datetime.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  1802. </dd></dl>

  1803. 

  1804. <section id="examples-of-usage-datetime">

  1805. <h3>Examples of Usage: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage-datetime" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  1806. <p>Examples of working with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> objects:</p>

  1807. <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>

  1808. 

  1809. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Using datetime.combine()</span>

  1810. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2005</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1811. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1812. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">combine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1813. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 14, 12, 30)</span>

  1814. 

  1815. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Using datetime.now()</span>

  1816. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span>   

  1817. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 16, 29, 43, 79043)   # GMT +1</span>

  1818. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>   

  1819. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 15, 29, 43, 79060, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)</span>

  1820. 

  1821. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Using datetime.strptime()</span>

  1822. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;21/11/06 16:30&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">/%m/%y %H:%M&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1823. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span>

  1824. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2006, 11, 21, 16, 30)</span>

  1825. 

  1826. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Using datetime.timetuple() to get tuple of all attributes</span>

  1827. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">tt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timetuple</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1828. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">it</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tt</span><span class="p">:</span>   

  1829. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1830. <span class="gp">...</span>

  1831. <span class="go">2006    # year</span>

  1832. <span class="go">11      # month</span>

  1833. <span class="go">21      # day</span>

  1834. <span class="go">16      # hour</span>

  1835. <span class="go">30      # minute</span>

  1836. <span class="go">0       # second</span>

  1837. <span class="go">1       # weekday (0 = Monday)</span>

  1838. <span class="go">325     # number of days since 1st January</span>

  1839. <span class="go">-1      # dst - method tzinfo.dst() returned None</span>

  1840. 

  1841. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Date in ISO format</span>

  1842. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isocalendar</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1843. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">it</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ic</span><span class="p">:</span>   

  1844. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1845. <span class="gp">...</span>

  1846. <span class="go">2006    # ISO year</span>

  1847. <span class="go">47      # ISO week</span>

  1848. <span class="go">2       # ISO weekday</span>

  1849. 

  1850. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Formatting a datetime</span>

  1851. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;%A, </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">. %B %Y %I:%M%p&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1852. <span class="go">&#39;Tuesday, 21. November 2006 04:30PM&#39;</span>

  1853. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="s1">&#39;The </span><span class="si">{1}</span><span class="s1"> is {0:</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">}, the </span><span class="si">{2}</span><span class="s1"> is {0:%B}, the </span><span class="si">{3}</span><span class="s1"> is {0:%I:%M%p}.&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;day&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;month&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;time&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1854. <span class="go">&#39;The day is 21, the month is November, the time is 04:30PM.&#39;</span>

  1855. </pre></div>

  1856. </div>

  1857. <p>The example below defines a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass capturing time zone

  1858. information for Kabul, Afghanistan, which used +4 UTC until 1945

  1859. and then +4:30 UTC thereafter:</p>

  1860. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>

  1861. 

  1862. <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">KabulTz</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1863.     <span class="c1"># Kabul used +4 until 1945, when they moved to +4:30</span>

  1864.     <span class="n">UTC_MOVE_DATE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1944</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1865. 

  1866.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">utcoffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1867.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1945</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1868.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1869.         <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1945</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timetuple</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1945</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1870.             <span class="c1"># An ambiguous (&quot;imaginary&quot;) half-hour range representing</span>

  1871.             <span class="c1"># a &#39;fold&#39; in time due to the shift from +4 to +4:30.</span>

  1872.             <span class="c1"># If dt falls in the imaginary range, use fold to decide how</span>

  1873.             <span class="c1"># to resolve. See PEP495.</span>

  1874.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fold</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>

  1875.         <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1876.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1877. 

  1878.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fromutc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1879.         <span class="c1"># Follow same validations as in datetime.tzinfo</span>

  1880.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1881.             <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;fromutc() requires a datetime argument&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1882.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1883.             <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dt.tzinfo is not self&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1884. 

  1885.         <span class="c1"># A custom implementation is required for fromutc as</span>

  1886.         <span class="c1"># the input to this function is a datetime with utc values</span>

  1887.         <span class="c1"># but with a tzinfo set to self.</span>

  1888.         <span class="c1"># See datetime.astimezone or fromtimestamp.</span>

  1889.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">UTC_MOVE_DATE</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1890.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1891.         <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1892.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1893. 

  1894.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1895.         <span class="c1"># Kabul does not observe daylight saving time.</span>

  1896.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1897. 

  1898.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tzname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  1899.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">UTC_MOVE_DATE</span><span class="p">:</span>

  1900.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;+04:30&quot;</span>

  1901.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;+04&quot;</span>

  1902. </pre></div>

  1903. </div>

  1904. <p>Usage of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KabulTz</span></code> from above:</p>

  1905. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">tz1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">KabulTz</span><span class="p">()</span>

  1906. 

  1907. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Datetime before the change</span>

  1908. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1900</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">tz1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1909. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utcoffset</span><span class="p">())</span>

  1910. <span class="go">4:00:00</span>

  1911. 

  1912. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Datetime after the change</span>

  1913. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2006</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">tz1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1914. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utcoffset</span><span class="p">())</span>

  1915. <span class="go">4:30:00</span>

  1916. 

  1917. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># Convert datetime to another time zone</span>

  1918. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astimezone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1919. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt3</span>

  1920. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 8, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)</span>

  1921. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt2</span>

  1922. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=KabulTz())</span>

  1923. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dt3</span>

  1924. <span class="go">True</span>

  1925. </pre></div>

  1926. </div>

  1927. </section>

  1928. </section>

  1929. <section id="time-objects">

  1930. <span id="datetime-time"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#time-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  1931. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object represents a (local) time of day, independent of any particular

  1932. day, and subject to adjustment via a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> object.</p>

  1933. <dl class="py class">

  1934. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time">

  1935. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">time</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hour</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">minute</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">second</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1936. <dd><p>All arguments are optional. <em>tzinfo</em> may be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, or an instance of a

  1937. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass. The remaining arguments must be integers in the

  1938. following ranges:</p>

  1939. <ul class="simple">

  1940. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">hour</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">24</span></code>,</p></li>

  1941. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">minute</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">60</span></code>,</p></li>

  1942. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">second</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">60</span></code>,</p></li>

  1943. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">microsecond</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">1000000</span></code>,</p></li>

  1944. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">[0,</span> <span class="pre">1]</span></code>.</p></li>

  1945. </ul>

  1946. <p>If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised. All

  1947. default to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> except <em>tzinfo</em>, which defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>.</p>

  1948. </dd></dl>

  1949. 

  1950. <p>Class attributes:</p>

  1951. <dl class="py attribute">

  1952. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.min">

  1953. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.min" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1954. <dd><p>The earliest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time(0,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0)</span></code>.</p>

  1955. </dd></dl>

  1956. 

  1957. <dl class="py attribute">

  1958. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.max">

  1959. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.max" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1960. <dd><p>The latest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time(23,</span> <span class="pre">59,</span> <span class="pre">59,</span> <span class="pre">999999)</span></code>.</p>

  1961. </dd></dl>

  1962. 

  1963. <dl class="py attribute">

  1964. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.resolution">

  1965. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resolution</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.resolution" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1966. <dd><p>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> objects,

  1967. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(microseconds=1)</span></code>, although note that arithmetic on

  1968. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> objects is not supported.</p>

  1969. </dd></dl>

  1970. 

  1971. <p>Instance attributes (read-only):</p>

  1972. <dl class="py attribute">

  1973. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.hour">

  1974. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">hour</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1975. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(24)</span></code>.</p>

  1976. </dd></dl>

  1977. 

  1978. <dl class="py attribute">

  1979. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.minute">

  1980. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">minute</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1981. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(60)</span></code>.</p>

  1982. </dd></dl>

  1983. 

  1984. <dl class="py attribute">

  1985. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.second">

  1986. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">second</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.second" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1987. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(60)</span></code>.</p>

  1988. </dd></dl>

  1989. 

  1990. <dl class="py attribute">

  1991. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.microsecond">

  1992. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1993. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range(1000000)</span></code>.</p>

  1994. </dd></dl>

  1995. 

  1996. <dl class="py attribute">

  1997. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.tzinfo">

  1998. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  1999. <dd><p>The object passed as the tzinfo argument to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> constructor, or

  2000. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if none was passed.</p>

  2001. </dd></dl>

  2002. 

  2003. <dl class="py attribute">

  2004. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.fold">

  2005. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fold</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.fold" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2006. <dd><p>In <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0,</span> <span class="pre">1]</span></code>. Used to disambiguate wall times during a repeated interval. (A

  2007. repeated interval occurs when clocks are rolled back at the end of daylight saving

  2008. time or when the UTC offset for the current zone is decreased for political reasons.)

  2009. The value 0 (1) represents the earlier (later) of the two moments with the same wall

  2010. time representation.</p>

  2011. <div class="versionadded">

  2012. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6.</span></p>

  2013. </div>

  2014. </dd></dl>

  2015. 

  2016. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> objects support equality and order comparisons,

  2017. where <em>a</em> is considered less than <em>b</em> when <em>a</em> precedes <em>b</em> in time.</p>

  2018. <p>Naive and aware <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> objects are never equal.

  2019. Order comparison between naive and aware <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> objects raises

  2020. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>

  2021. <p>If both comparands are aware, and have the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>

  2022. attribute, the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code> attributes are

  2023. ignored and the base times are compared. If both comparands are aware and

  2024. have different <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> attributes, the comparands are first adjusted by

  2025. subtracting their UTC offsets (obtained from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.utcoffset()</span></code>).</p>

  2026. <div class="versionchanged">

  2027. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Equality comparisons between aware and naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> instances

  2028. don’t raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>

  2029. </div>

  2030. <p>In Boolean contexts, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object is always considered to be true.</p>

  2031. <div class="versionchanged">

  2032. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Before Python 3.5, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object was considered to be false if it

  2033. represented midnight in UTC. This behavior was considered obscure and

  2034. error-prone and has been removed in Python 3.5. See <a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org/issue?&#64;action=redirect&amp;bpo=13936">bpo-13936</a> for full

  2035. details.</p>

  2036. </div>

  2037. <p>Other constructor:</p>

  2038. <dl class="py method">

  2039. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.fromisoformat">

  2040. <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">time_string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.fromisoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2041. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> corresponding to a <em>time_string</em> in any valid

  2042. ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:</p>

  2043. <ol class="arabic simple">

  2044. <li><p>Time zone offsets may have fractional seconds.</p></li>

  2045. <li><p>The leading <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T</span></code>, normally required in cases where there may be ambiguity between

  2046. a date and a time, is not required.</p></li>

  2047. <li><p>Fractional seconds may have any number of digits (anything beyond 6 will

  2048. be truncated).</p></li>

  2049. <li><p>Fractional hours and minutes are not supported.</p></li>

  2050. </ol>

  2051. <p>Examples:</p>

  2052. <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">time</span>

  2053. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;04:23:01&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2054. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1)</span>

  2055. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;T04:23:01&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2056. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1)</span>

  2057. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;T042301&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2058. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1)</span>

  2059. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;04:23:01.000384&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2060. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1, 384)</span>

  2061. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;04:23:01,000384&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2062. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1, 384)</span>

  2063. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;04:23:01+04:00&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2064. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=14400)))</span>

  2065. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;04:23:01Z&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2066. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)</span>

  2067. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;04:23:01+00:00&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2068. <span class="go">datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)</span>

  2069. </pre></div>

  2070. </div>

  2071. <div class="versionadded">

  2072. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.7.</span></p>

  2073. </div>

  2074. <div class="versionchanged">

  2075. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Previously, this method only supported formats that could be emitted by

  2076. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.isoformat" title="datetime.time.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  2077. </div>

  2078. </dd></dl>

  2079. 

  2080. <p>Instance methods:</p>

  2081. <dl class="py method">

  2082. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.replace">

  2083. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">replace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hour</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.hour</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">minute</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.minute</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">second</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.second</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.microsecond</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fold</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.replace" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2084. <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> with the same value, except for those attributes given

  2085. new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. Note that

  2086. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo=None</span></code> can be specified to create a naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> from an

  2087. aware <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>, without conversion of the time data.</p>

  2088. <div class="versionchanged">

  2089. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added the <em>fold</em> parameter.</p>

  2090. </div>

  2091. </dd></dl>

  2092. 

  2093. <dl class="py method">

  2094. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.isoformat">

  2095. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timespec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'auto'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.isoformat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2096. <dd><p>Return a string representing the time in ISO 8601 format, one of:</p>

  2097. <ul class="simple">

  2098. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.ffffff</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is not 0</p></li>

  2099. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is 0</p></li>

  2100. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.utcoffset" title="datetime.time.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>

  2101. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]</span></code>, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is 0 and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.utcoffset" title="datetime.time.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>

  2102. </ul>

  2103. <p>The optional argument <em>timespec</em> specifies the number of additional

  2104. components of the time to include (the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'auto'</span></code>).

  2105. It can be one of the following:</p>

  2106. <ul class="simple">

  2107. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'auto'</span></code>: Same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'seconds'</span></code> if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a> is 0,

  2108. same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'microseconds'</span></code> otherwise.</p></li>

  2109. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'hours'</span></code>: Include the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="datetime.time.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a> in the two-digit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH</span></code> format.</p></li>

  2110. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'minutes'</span></code>: Include <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="datetime.time.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="datetime.time.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM</span></code> format.</p></li>

  2111. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'seconds'</span></code>: Include <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="datetime.time.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="datetime.time.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.second" title="datetime.time.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">second</span></code></a>

  2112. in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS</span></code> format.</p></li>

  2113. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'milliseconds'</span></code>: Include full time, but truncate fractional second

  2114. part to milliseconds. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.sss</span></code> format.</p></li>

  2115. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'microseconds'</span></code>: Include full time in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.ffffff</span></code> format.</p></li>

  2116. </ul>

  2117. <div class="admonition note">

  2118. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  2119. <p>Excluded time components are truncated, not rounded.</p>

  2120. </div>

  2121. <p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised on an invalid <em>timespec</em> argument.</p>

  2122. <p>Example:</p>

  2123. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">time</span>

  2124. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minute</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">second</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">56</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">123456</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timespec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;minutes&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2125. <span class="go">&#39;12:34&#39;</span>

  2126. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minute</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">34</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">second</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">56</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2127. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timespec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;microseconds&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2128. <span class="go">&#39;12:34:56.000000&#39;</span>

  2129. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timespec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;auto&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2130. <span class="go">&#39;12:34:56&#39;</span>

  2131. </pre></div>

  2132. </div>

  2133. <div class="versionchanged">

  2134. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Added the <em>timespec</em> parameter.</p>

  2135. </div>

  2136. </dd></dl>

  2137. 

  2138. <dl class="py method">

  2139. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.__str__">

  2140. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__str__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.__str__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2141. <dd><p>For a time <em>t</em>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(t)</span></code> is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.isoformat()</span></code>.</p>

  2142. </dd></dl>

  2143. 

  2144. <dl class="py method">

  2145. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.strftime">

  2146. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strftime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.strftime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2147. <dd><p>Return a string representing the time, controlled by an explicit format

  2148. string.  See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.isoformat" title="datetime.time.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  2149. </dd></dl>

  2150. 

  2151. <dl class="py method">

  2152. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.__format__">

  2153. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__format__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.__format__" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2154. <dd><p>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.strftime" title="datetime.time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.strftime()</span></code></a>. This makes it possible to specify

  2155. a format string for a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object in <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#f-strings"><span class="std std-ref">formatted string

  2156. literals</span></a> and when using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.format" title="str.format"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str.format()</span></code></a>.

  2157. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.isoformat" title="datetime.time.isoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.isoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  2158. </dd></dl>

  2159. 

  2160. <dl class="py method">

  2161. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.utcoffset">

  2162. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utcoffset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.utcoffset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2163. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, else returns

  2164. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)</span></code>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t

  2165. return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object with magnitude less than one day.</p>

  2166. <div class="versionchanged">

  2167. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  2168. </div>

  2169. </dd></dl>

  2170. 

  2171. <dl class="py method">

  2172. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.dst">

  2173. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dst</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.dst" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2174. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, else returns

  2175. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo.dst(None)</span></code>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return

  2176. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object with magnitude less than one day.</p>

  2177. <div class="versionchanged">

  2178. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The DST offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  2179. </div>

  2180. </dd></dl>

  2181. 

  2182. <dl class="py method">

  2183. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.time.tzname">

  2184. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">time.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.tzname" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2185. <dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, else returns

  2186. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.tzinfo.tzname(None)</span></code>, or raises an exception if the latter doesn’t

  2187. return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or a string object.</p>

  2188. </dd></dl>

  2189. 

  2190. <section id="examples-of-usage-time">

  2191. <h3>Examples of Usage: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage-time" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  2192. <p>Examples of working with a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object:</p>

  2193. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span>

  2194. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TZ1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2195. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">utcoffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2196. <span class="gp">... </span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2197. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2198. <span class="gp">... </span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2199. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tzname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2200. <span class="gp">... </span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;+01:00&quot;</span>

  2201. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="k">def</span>  <span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2202. <span class="gp">... </span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">()&quot;</span>

  2203. <span class="gp">...</span>

  2204. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TZ1</span><span class="p">())</span>

  2205. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span>

  2206. <span class="go">datetime.time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=TZ1())</span>

  2207. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2208. <span class="go">&#39;12:10:30+01:00&#39;</span>

  2209. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2210. <span class="go">datetime.timedelta(0)</span>

  2211. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzname</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2212. <span class="go">&#39;+01:00&#39;</span>

  2213. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;%H:%M:%S %Z&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2214. <span class="go">&#39;12:10:30 +01:00&#39;</span>

  2215. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="s1">&#39;The </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1"> is {:%H:%M}.&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;time&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2216. <span class="go">&#39;The time is 12:10.&#39;</span>

  2217. </pre></div>

  2218. </div>

  2219. </section>

  2220. </section>

  2221. <section id="tzinfo-objects">

  2222. <span id="datetime-tzinfo"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#tzinfo-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  2223. <dl class="py class">

  2224. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.tzinfo">

  2225. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2226. <dd><p>This is an abstract base class, meaning that this class should not be

  2227. instantiated directly.  Define a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> to capture

  2228. information about a particular time zone.</p>

  2229. <p>An instance of (a concrete subclass of) <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> can be passed to the

  2230. constructors for <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> objects. The latter objects

  2231. view their attributes as being in local time, and the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> object

  2232. supports methods revealing offset of local time from UTC, the name of the time

  2233. zone, and DST offset, all relative to a date or time object passed to them.</p>

  2234. <p>You need to derive a concrete subclass, and (at least)

  2235. supply implementations of the standard <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> methods needed by the

  2236. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> methods you use. The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module provides

  2237. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a>, a simple concrete subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> which can

  2238. represent timezones with fixed offset from UTC such as UTC itself or North

  2239. American EST and EDT.</p>

  2240. <p>Special requirement for pickling:  A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass must have an

  2241. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__" title="object.__init__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__()</span></code></a> method that can be called with no arguments,

  2242. otherwise it can be

  2243. pickled but possibly not unpickled again. This is a technical requirement that

  2244. may be relaxed in the future.</p>

  2245. <p>A concrete subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> may need to implement the following

  2246. methods. Exactly which methods are needed depends on the uses made of aware

  2247. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects. If in doubt, simply implement all of them.</p>

  2248. </dd></dl>

  2249. 

  2250. <dl class="py method">

  2251. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset">

  2252. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tzinfo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utcoffset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2253. <dd><p>Return offset of local time from UTC, as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object that is

  2254. positive east of UTC. If local time is west of UTC, this should be negative.</p>

  2255. <p>This represents the <em>total</em> offset from UTC; for example, if a

  2256. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> object represents both time zone and DST adjustments,

  2257. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> should return their sum. If the UTC offset isn’t known,

  2258. return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. Else the value returned must be a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object

  2259. strictly between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta(hours=24)</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(hours=24)</span></code>

  2260. (the magnitude of the offset must be less than one day). Most implementations

  2261. of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> will probably look like one of these two:</p>

  2262. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">CONSTANT</span>                 <span class="c1"># fixed-offset class</span>

  2263. <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">CONSTANT</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># daylight-aware class</span>

  2264. </pre></div>

  2265. </div>

  2266. <p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> does not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> should not return

  2267. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> either.</p>

  2268. <p>The default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> raises

  2269. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a>.</p>

  2270. <div class="versionchanged">

  2271. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  2272. </div>

  2273. </dd></dl>

  2274. 

  2275. <dl class="py method">

  2276. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.tzinfo.dst">

  2277. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tzinfo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dst</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2278. <dd><p>Return the daylight saving time (DST) adjustment, as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>

  2279. object or

  2280. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if DST information isn’t known.</p>

  2281. <p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(0)</span></code> if DST is not in effect.

  2282. If DST is in effect, return the offset as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object

  2283. (see <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> for details). Note that DST offset, if applicable, has

  2284. already been added to the UTC offset returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a>, so there’s

  2285. no need to consult <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> unless you’re interested in obtaining DST info

  2286. separately. For example, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.timetuple" title="datetime.datetime.timetuple"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timetuple()</span></code></a> calls its <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>

  2287. attribute’s <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> method to determine how the <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time.tm_isdst" title="time.struct_time.tm_isdst"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tm_isdst</span></code></a> flag

  2288. should be set, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo.fromutc()</span></code></a> calls <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> to account for

  2289. DST changes when crossing time zones.</p>

  2290. <p>An instance <em>tz</em> of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass that models both standard and

  2291. daylight times must be consistent in this sense:</p>

  2292. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tz.utcoffset(dt)</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">tz.dst(dt)</span></code></p>

  2293. <p>must return the same result for every <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> <em>dt</em> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt.tzinfo</span> <span class="pre">==</span>

  2294. <span class="pre">tz</span></code>  For sane <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclasses, this expression yields the time

  2295. zone’s “standard offset”, which should not depend on the date or the time, but

  2296. only on geographic location. The implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.astimezone()</span></code></a>

  2297. relies on this, but cannot detect violations; it’s the programmer’s

  2298. responsibility to ensure it. If a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass cannot guarantee

  2299. this, it may be able to override the default implementation of

  2300. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo.fromutc()</span></code></a> to work correctly with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone()</span></code></a> regardless.</p>

  2301. <p>Most implementations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> will probably look like one of these two:</p>

  2302. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2303.     <span class="c1"># a fixed-offset class:  doesn&#39;t account for DST</span>

  2304.     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2305. </pre></div>

  2306. </div>

  2307. <p>or:</p>

  2308. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2309.     <span class="c1"># Code to set dston and dstoff to the time zone&#39;s DST</span>

  2310.     <span class="c1"># transition times based on the input dt.year, and expressed</span>

  2311.     <span class="c1"># in standard local time.</span>

  2312. 

  2313.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dston</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">dstoff</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2314.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2315.     <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2316.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2317. </pre></div>

  2318. </div>

  2319. <p>The default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dst()</span></code></a> raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a>.</p>

  2320. <div class="versionchanged">

  2321. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The DST offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  2322. </div>

  2323. </dd></dl>

  2324. 

  2325. <dl class="py method">

  2326. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.tzinfo.tzname">

  2327. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tzinfo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.tzname" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2328. <dd><p>Return the time zone name corresponding to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object <em>dt</em>, as

  2329. a string. Nothing about string names is defined by the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module,

  2330. and there’s no requirement that it mean anything in particular. For example,

  2331. “GMT”, “UTC”, “-500”, “-5:00”, “EDT”, “US/Eastern”, “America/New York” are all

  2332. valid replies. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if a string name isn’t known. Note that this is

  2333. a method rather than a fixed string primarily because some <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>

  2334. subclasses will wish to return different names depending on the specific value

  2335. of <em>dt</em> passed, especially if the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> class is accounting for

  2336. daylight time.</p>

  2337. <p>The default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.tzname" title="datetime.tzinfo.tzname"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzname()</span></code></a> raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a>.</p>

  2338. </dd></dl>

  2339. 

  2340. <p>These methods are called by a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object, in

  2341. response to their methods of the same names. A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object passes

  2342. itself as the argument, and a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object passes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> as the

  2343. argument. A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass’s methods should therefore be prepared to

  2344. accept a <em>dt</em> argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, or of class <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>.</p>

  2345. <p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is passed, it’s up to the class designer to decide the best

  2346. response. For example, returning <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is appropriate if the class wishes to

  2347. say that time objects don’t participate in the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> protocols. It

  2348. may be more useful for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset(None)</span></code> to return the standard UTC offset, as

  2349. there is no other convention for discovering the standard offset.</p>

  2350. <p>When a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object is passed in response to a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>

  2351. method, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt.tzinfo</span></code> is the same object as <em>self</em>. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> methods can

  2352. rely on this, unless user code calls <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> methods directly. The

  2353. intent is that the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> methods interpret <em>dt</em> as being in local

  2354. time, and not need worry about objects in other timezones.</p>

  2355. <p>There is one more <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> method that a subclass may wish to override:</p>

  2356. <dl class="py method">

  2357. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc">

  2358. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tzinfo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromutc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2359. <dd><p>This is called from the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.astimezone()</span></code></a>

  2360. implementation. When called from that, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt.tzinfo</span></code> is <em>self</em>, and <em>dt</em>’s

  2361. date and time data are to be viewed as expressing a UTC time. The purpose

  2362. of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromutc()</span></code></a> is to adjust the date and time data, returning an

  2363. equivalent datetime in <em>self</em>’s local time.</p>

  2364. <p>Most <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclasses should be able to inherit the default

  2365. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromutc()</span></code></a> implementation without problems. It’s strong enough to handle

  2366. fixed-offset time zones, and time zones accounting for both standard and

  2367. daylight time, and the latter even if the DST transition times differ in

  2368. different years. An example of a time zone the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromutc()</span></code></a>

  2369. implementation may not handle correctly in all cases is one where the standard

  2370. offset (from UTC) depends on the specific date and time passed, which can happen

  2371. for political reasons. The default implementations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone()</span></code></a> and

  2372. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromutc()</span></code></a> may not produce the result you want if the result is one of the

  2373. hours straddling the moment the standard offset changes.</p>

  2374. <p>Skipping code for error cases, the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromutc()</span></code></a> implementation acts

  2375. like:</p>

  2376. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fromutc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2377.     <span class="c1"># raise ValueError error if dt.tzinfo is not self</span>

  2378.     <span class="n">dtoff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utcoffset</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2379.     <span class="n">dtdst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2380.     <span class="c1"># raise ValueError if dtoff is None or dtdst is None</span>

  2381.     <span class="n">delta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dtoff</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">dtdst</span>  <span class="c1"># this is self&#39;s standard offset</span>

  2382.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2383.         <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">delta</span>   <span class="c1"># convert to standard local time</span>

  2384.         <span class="n">dtdst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2385.         <span class="c1"># raise ValueError if dtdst is None</span>

  2386.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dtdst</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2387.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">dtdst</span>

  2388.     <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2389.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dt</span>

  2390. </pre></div>

  2391. </div>

  2392. </dd></dl>

  2393. 

  2394. <p>In the following <a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../_downloads/6dc1f3f4f0e6ca13cb42ddf4d6cbc8af/tzinfo_examples.py"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo_examples.py</span></code></a> file there are some examples of

  2395. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> classes:</p>

  2396. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>

  2397. 

  2398. <span class="n">ZERO</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2399. <span class="n">HOUR</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2400. <span class="n">SECOND</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2401. 

  2402. <span class="c1"># A class capturing the platform&#39;s idea of local time.</span>

  2403. <span class="c1"># (May result in wrong values on historical times in</span>

  2404. <span class="c1">#  timezones where UTC offset and/or the DST rules had</span>

  2405. <span class="c1">#  changed in the past.)</span>

  2406. <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">_time</span>

  2407. 

  2408. <span class="n">STDOFFSET</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2409. <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">daylight</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2410.     <span class="n">DSTOFFSET</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">altzone</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2411. <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2412.     <span class="n">DSTOFFSET</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">STDOFFSET</span>

  2413. 

  2414. <span class="n">DSTDIFF</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DSTOFFSET</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">STDOFFSET</span>

  2415. 

  2416. <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LocalTimezone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2417. 

  2418.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fromutc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2419.         <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="bp">self</span>

  2420.         <span class="n">stamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1970</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">SECOND</span>

  2421.         <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">localtime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stamp</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span>

  2422.         <span class="n">dst_diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DSTDIFF</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">SECOND</span>

  2423.         <span class="c1"># Detect fold</span>

  2424.         <span class="n">fold</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">localtime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stamp</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">dst_diff</span><span class="p">))</span>

  2425.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="p">,</span>

  2426.                         <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fold</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2427. 

  2428.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">utcoffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2429.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_isdst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2430.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DSTOFFSET</span>

  2431.         <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2432.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">STDOFFSET</span>

  2433. 

  2434.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2435.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_isdst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2436.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DSTDIFF</span>

  2437.         <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2438.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ZERO</span>

  2439. 

  2440.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tzname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2441.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzname</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_isdst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">)]</span>

  2442. 

  2443.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_isdst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2444.         <span class="n">tt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">month</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">,</span>

  2445.               <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hour</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minute</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">,</span>

  2446.               <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weekday</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2447.         <span class="n">stamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mktime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tt</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2448.         <span class="n">tt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">localtime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stamp</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2449.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tm_isdst</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span>

  2450. 

  2451. <span class="n">Local</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LocalTimezone</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2452. 

  2453. 

  2454. <span class="c1"># A complete implementation of current DST rules for major US time zones.</span>

  2455. 

  2456. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">first_sunday_on_or_after</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2457.     <span class="n">days_to_go</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weekday</span><span class="p">()</span>

  2458.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">days_to_go</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2459.         <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days_to_go</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2460.     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dt</span>

  2461. 

  2462. 

  2463. <span class="c1"># US DST Rules</span>

  2464. <span class="c1">#</span>

  2465. <span class="c1"># This is a simplified (i.e., wrong for a few cases) set of rules for US</span>

  2466. <span class="c1"># DST start and end times. For a complete and up-to-date set of DST rules</span>

  2467. <span class="c1"># and timezone definitions, visit the Olson Database (or try pytz):</span>

  2468. <span class="c1"># http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm</span>

  2469. <span class="c1"># https://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/ (might not be up-to-date)</span>

  2470. <span class="c1">#</span>

  2471. <span class="c1"># In the US, since 2007, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the second</span>

  2472. <span class="c1"># Sunday in March, which is the first Sunday on or after Mar 8.</span>

  2473. <span class="n">DSTSTART_2007</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2474. <span class="c1"># and ends at 2am (DST time) on the first Sunday of Nov.</span>

  2475. <span class="n">DSTEND_2007</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2476. <span class="c1"># From 1987 to 2006, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the first</span>

  2477. <span class="c1"># Sunday in April and to end at 2am (DST time) on the last</span>

  2478. <span class="c1"># Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25.</span>

  2479. <span class="n">DSTSTART_1987_2006</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2480. <span class="n">DSTEND_1987_2006</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2481. <span class="c1"># From 1967 to 1986, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the last</span>

  2482. <span class="c1"># Sunday in April (the one on or after April 24) and to end at 2am (DST time)</span>

  2483. <span class="c1"># on the last Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday</span>

  2484. <span class="c1"># on or after Oct 25.</span>

  2485. <span class="n">DSTSTART_1967_1986</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2486. <span class="n">DSTEND_1967_1986</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DSTEND_1987_2006</span>

  2487. 

  2488. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">us_dst_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2489.     <span class="c1"># Find start and end times for US DST. For years before 1967, return</span>

  2490.     <span class="c1"># start = end for no DST.</span>

  2491.     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">2006</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">year</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2492.         <span class="n">dststart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dstend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DSTSTART_2007</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DSTEND_2007</span>

  2493.     <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="mi">1986</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">2007</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2494.         <span class="n">dststart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dstend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DSTSTART_1987_2006</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DSTEND_1987_2006</span>

  2495.     <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="mi">1966</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1987</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2496.         <span class="n">dststart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dstend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DSTSTART_1967_1986</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DSTEND_1967_1986</span>

  2497.     <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2498.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span>

  2499. 

  2500.     <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">first_sunday_on_or_after</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dststart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">))</span>

  2501.     <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">first_sunday_on_or_after</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dstend</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">))</span>

  2502.     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span>

  2503. 

  2504. 

  2505. <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">USTimeZone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2506. 

  2507.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hours</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reprname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stdname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dstname</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2508.         <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdoffset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2509.         <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reprname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">reprname</span>

  2510.         <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stdname</span>

  2511.         <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dstname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dstname</span>

  2512. 

  2513.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2514.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reprname</span>

  2515. 

  2516.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tzname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2517.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2518.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dstname</span>

  2519.         <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2520.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdname</span>

  2521. 

  2522.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">utcoffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2523.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdoffset</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2524. 

  2525.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2526.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2527.             <span class="c1"># An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.</span>

  2528.             <span class="c1"># It depends on how you want to treat them.  The default</span>

  2529.             <span class="c1"># fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()</span>

  2530.             <span class="c1"># implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.</span>

  2531.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ZERO</span>

  2532.         <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="bp">self</span>

  2533.         <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">us_dst_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2534.         <span class="c1"># Can&#39;t compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from</span>

  2535.         <span class="c1"># dt first.</span>

  2536.         <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2537.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2538.             <span class="c1"># DST is in effect.</span>

  2539.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span>

  2540.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2541.             <span class="c1"># Fold (an ambiguous hour): use dt.fold to disambiguate.</span>

  2542.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ZERO</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fold</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span>

  2543.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2544.             <span class="c1"># Gap (a non-existent hour): reverse the fold rule.</span>

  2545.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fold</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">ZERO</span>

  2546.         <span class="c1"># DST is off.</span>

  2547.         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ZERO</span>

  2548. 

  2549.     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fromutc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2550.         <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="bp">self</span>

  2551.         <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">us_dst_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2552.         <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">start</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2553.         <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2554.         <span class="n">std_time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdoffset</span>

  2555.         <span class="n">dst_time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">std_time</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span>

  2556.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">dst_time</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2557.             <span class="c1"># Repeated hour</span>

  2558.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">std_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2559.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">std_time</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">dst_time</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2560.             <span class="c1"># Standard time</span>

  2561.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">std_time</span>

  2562.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="n">std_time</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">:</span>

  2563.             <span class="c1"># Daylight saving time</span>

  2564.             <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dst_time</span>

  2565. 

  2566. 

  2567. <span class="n">Eastern</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">USTimeZone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Eastern&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="s2">&quot;EST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;EDT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2568. <span class="n">Central</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">USTimeZone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Central&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="s2">&quot;CST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;CDT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2569. <span class="n">Mountain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">USTimeZone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Mountain&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;MST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;MDT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2570. <span class="n">Pacific</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">USTimeZone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Pacific&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="s2">&quot;PST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PDT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2571. </pre></div>

  2572. </div>

  2573. <p>Note that there are unavoidable subtleties twice per year in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>

  2574. subclass accounting for both standard and daylight time, at the DST transition

  2575. points. For concreteness, consider US Eastern (UTC -0500), where EDT begins the

  2576. minute after 1:59 (EST) on the second Sunday in March, and ends the minute after

  2577. 1:59 (EDT) on the first Sunday in November:</p>

  2578. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>  <span class="n">UTC</span>   <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>

  2579.   <span class="n">EST</span>  <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>

  2580.   <span class="n">EDT</span>  <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>

  2581. 

  2582. <span class="n">start</span>  <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>

  2583. 

  2584.   <span class="n">end</span>  <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>  <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">MM</span>

  2585. </pre></div>

  2586. </div>

  2587. <p>When DST starts (the “start” line), the local wall clock leaps from 1:59 to

  2588. 3:00. A wall time of the form 2:MM doesn’t really make sense on that day, so

  2589. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone(Eastern)</span></code> won’t deliver a result with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code> on the day DST

  2590. begins. For example, at the Spring forward transition of 2016, we get:</p>

  2591. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timezone</span>

  2592. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tzinfo_examples</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Eastern</span>

  2593. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">u0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2016</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2594. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2595. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">u0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">HOUR</span>

  2596. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astimezone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Eastern</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2597. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;UTC =&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzname</span><span class="p">())</span>

  2598. <span class="gp">...</span>

  2599. <span class="go">05:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EST</span>

  2600. <span class="go">06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST</span>

  2601. <span class="go">07:00:00 UTC = 03:00:00 EDT</span>

  2602. <span class="go">08:00:00 UTC = 04:00:00 EDT</span>

  2603. </pre></div>

  2604. </div>

  2605. <p>When DST ends (the “end” line), there’s a potentially worse problem: there’s an

  2606. hour that can’t be spelled unambiguously in local wall time: the last hour of

  2607. daylight time. In Eastern, that’s times of the form 5:MM UTC on the day

  2608. daylight time ends. The local wall clock leaps from 1:59 (daylight time) back

  2609. to 1:00 (standard time) again. Local times of the form 1:MM are ambiguous.

  2610. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">astimezone()</span></code></a> mimics the local clock’s behavior by mapping two adjacent UTC

  2611. hours into the same local hour then. In the Eastern example, UTC times of the

  2612. form 5:MM and 6:MM both map to 1:MM when converted to Eastern, but earlier times

  2613. have the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> attribute set to 0 and the later times have it set to 1.

  2614. For example, at the Fall back transition of 2016, we get:</p>

  2615. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">u0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2016</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tzinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timezone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2616. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">):</span>

  2617. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">u0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">HOUR</span>

  2618. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astimezone</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Eastern</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2619. <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;UTC =&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tzname</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fold</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2620. <span class="gp">...</span>

  2621. <span class="go">04:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EDT 0</span>

  2622. <span class="go">05:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EDT 0</span>

  2623. <span class="go">06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST 1</span>

  2624. <span class="go">07:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EST 0</span>

  2625. </pre></div>

  2626. </div>

  2627. <p>Note that the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instances that differ only by the value of the

  2628. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> attribute are considered equal in comparisons.</p>

  2629. <p>Applications that can’t bear wall-time ambiguities should explicitly check the

  2630. value of the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fold" title="datetime.datetime.fold"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fold</span></code></a> attribute or avoid using hybrid

  2631. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclasses; there are no ambiguities when using <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a>,

  2632. or any other fixed-offset <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> subclass (such as a class representing

  2633. only EST (fixed offset -5 hours), or only EDT (fixed offset -4 hours)).</p>

  2634. <div class="admonition seealso">

  2635. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  2636. <blockquote>

  2637. <div><dl>

  2638. <dt><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#module-zoneinfo" title="zoneinfo: IANA time zone support"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zoneinfo</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module has a basic <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> class (for

  2639. handling arbitrary fixed offsets from UTC) and its <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone.utc" title="datetime.timezone.utc"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone.utc</span></code></a>

  2640. attribute (a UTC timezone instance).</p>

  2641. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zoneinfo</span></code> brings the <em>IANA timezone database</em> (also known as the Olson

  2642. database) to Python, and its usage is recommended.</p>

  2643. </dd>

  2644. </dl>

  2645. </div></blockquote>

  2646. <dl class="simple">

  2647. <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/time-zones">IANA timezone database</a></dt><dd><p>The Time Zone Database (often called tz, tzdata or zoneinfo) contains code

  2648. and data that represent the history of local time for many representative

  2649. locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes

  2650. made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets, and

  2651. daylight-saving rules.</p>

  2652. </dd>

  2653. </dl>

  2654. </div>

  2655. </section>

  2656. <section id="timezone-objects">

  2657. <span id="datetime-timezone"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#timezone-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  2658. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> class is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>, each

  2659. instance of which represents a timezone defined by a fixed offset from

  2660. UTC.</p>

  2661. <p>Objects of this class cannot be used to represent timezone information in the

  2662. locations where different offsets are used in different days of the year or

  2663. where historical changes have been made to civil time.</p>

  2664. <dl class="py class">

  2665. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timezone">

  2666. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timezone</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timezone" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2667. <dd><p>The <em>offset</em> argument must be specified as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>

  2668. object representing the difference between the local time and UTC. It must

  2669. be strictly between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta(hours=24)</span></code> and

  2670. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(hours=24)</span></code>, otherwise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>

  2671. <p>The <em>name</em> argument is optional. If specified it must be a string that

  2672. will be used as the value returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzname" title="datetime.datetime.tzname"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.tzname()</span></code></a> method.</p>

  2673. <div class="versionadded">

  2674. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  2675. </div>

  2676. <div class="versionchanged">

  2677. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  2678. </div>

  2679. </dd></dl>

  2680. 

  2681. <dl class="py method">

  2682. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timezone.utcoffset">

  2683. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timezone.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utcoffset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timezone.utcoffset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2684. <dd><p>Return the fixed value specified when the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> instance is

  2685. constructed.</p>

  2686. <p>The <em>dt</em> argument is ignored. The return value is a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>

  2687. instance equal to the difference between the local time and UTC.</p>

  2688. <div class="versionchanged">

  2689. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  2690. </div>

  2691. </dd></dl>

  2692. 

  2693. <dl class="py method">

  2694. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timezone.tzname">

  2695. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timezone.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timezone.tzname" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2696. <dd><p>Return the fixed value specified when the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> instance

  2697. is constructed.</p>

  2698. <p>If <em>name</em> is not provided in the constructor, the name returned by

  2699. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzname(dt)</span></code> is generated from the value of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code> as follows. If

  2700. <em>offset</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(0)</span></code>, the name is “UTC”, otherwise it is a string in

  2701. the format <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UTC±HH:MM</span></code>, where ± is the sign of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code>, HH and MM are

  2702. two digits of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset.hours</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset.minutes</span></code> respectively.</p>

  2703. <div class="versionchanged">

  2704. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Name generated from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset=timedelta(0)</span></code> is now plain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'UTC'</span></code>, not

  2705. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'UTC+00:00'</span></code>.</p>

  2706. </div>

  2707. </dd></dl>

  2708. 

  2709. <dl class="py method">

  2710. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timezone.dst">

  2711. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timezone.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dst</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timezone.dst" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2712. <dd><p>Always returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  2713. </dd></dl>

  2714. 

  2715. <dl class="py method">

  2716. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timezone.fromutc">

  2717. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timezone.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromutc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timezone.fromutc" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2718. <dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dt</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">offset</span></code>. The <em>dt</em> argument must be an aware

  2719. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instance, with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self</span></code>.</p>

  2720. </dd></dl>

  2721. 

  2722. <p>Class attributes:</p>

  2723. <dl class="py attribute">

  2724. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timezone.utc">

  2725. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timezone.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utc</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timezone.utc" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  2726. <dd><p>The UTC timezone, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone(timedelta(0))</span></code>.</p>

  2727. </dd></dl>

  2728. 

  2729. </section>

  2730. <section id="strftime-and-strptime-behavior">

  2731. <span id="strftime-strptime-behavior"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h2><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> Behavior<a class="headerlink" href="#strftime-and-strptime-behavior" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  2732. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> objects all support a

  2733. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime(format)</span></code> method, to create a string representing the time under the

  2734. control of an explicit format string.</p>

  2735. <p>Conversely, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.strptime()</span></code></a> class method creates a

  2736. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object from a string representing a date and time and a

  2737. corresponding format string.</p>

  2738. <p>The table below provides a high-level comparison of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a>

  2739. versus <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a>:</p>

  2740. <table class="docutils align-default">

  2741. <thead>

  2742. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"></th>

  2743. <th class="head"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime</span></code></p></th>

  2744. <th class="head"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime</span></code></p></th>

  2745. </tr>

  2746. </thead>

  2747. <tbody>

  2748. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Usage</p></td>

  2749. <td><p>Convert object to a string according to a given format</p></td>

  2750. <td><p>Parse a string into a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object given a corresponding format</p></td>

  2751. </tr>

  2752. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Type of method</p></td>

  2753. <td><p>Instance method</p></td>

  2754. <td><p>Class method</p></td>

  2755. </tr>

  2756. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Method of</p></td>

  2757. <td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a>; <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>; <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></p></td>

  2758. <td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></p></td>

  2759. </tr>

  2760. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Signature</p></td>

  2761. <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime(format)</span></code></p></td>

  2762. <td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime(date_string,</span> <span class="pre">format)</span></code></p></td>

  2763. </tr>

  2764. </tbody>

  2765. </table>

  2766. <blockquote>

  2767. <div></div></blockquote>

  2768. <section id="strftime-and-strptime-format-codes">

  2769. <span id="format-codes"></span><h3><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> Format Codes<a class="headerlink" href="#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  2770. <p>These methods accept format codes that can be used to parse and format dates:</p>

  2771. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;31/01/22 23:59:59.999999&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>

  2772. <span class="gp">... </span>                  <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">/%m/%y %H:%M:%S.</span><span class="si">%f</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2773. <span class="go">datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)</span>

  2774. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%a</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1"> %b %Y, %I:%M%p&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  2775. <span class="go">&#39;Mon 31 Jan 2022, 11:59PM&#39;</span>

  2776. </pre></div>

  2777. </div>

  2778. <p>The following is a list of all the format codes that the 1989 C standard

  2779. requires, and these work on all platforms with a standard C implementation.</p>

  2780. <table class="docutils align-default">

  2781. <thead>

  2782. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Directive</p></th>

  2783. <th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>

  2784. <th class="head"><p>Example</p></th>

  2785. <th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>

  2786. </tr>

  2787. </thead>

  2788. <tbody>

  2789. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%a</span></code></p></td>

  2790. <td><p>Weekday as locale’s

  2791. abbreviated name.</p></td>

  2792. <td><div class="line-block">

  2793. <div class="line">Sun, Mon, …, Sat

  2794. (en_US);</div>

  2795. <div class="line">So, Mo, …, Sa

  2796. (de_DE)</div>

  2797. </div>

  2798. </td>

  2799. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2800. </tr>

  2801. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%A</span></code></p></td>

  2802. <td><p>Weekday as locale’s full name.</p></td>

  2803. <td><div class="line-block">

  2804. <div class="line">Sunday, Monday, …,

  2805. Saturday (en_US);</div>

  2806. <div class="line">Sonntag, Montag, …,

  2807. Samstag (de_DE)</div>

  2808. </div>

  2809. </td>

  2810. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2811. </tr>

  2812. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%w</span></code></p></td>

  2813. <td><p>Weekday as a decimal number,

  2814. where 0 is Sunday and 6 is

  2815. Saturday.</p></td>

  2816. <td><p>0, 1, …, 6</p></td>

  2817. <td></td>

  2818. </tr>

  2819. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%d</span></code></p></td>

  2820. <td><p>Day of the month as a

  2821. zero-padded decimal number.</p></td>

  2822. <td><p>01, 02, …, 31</p></td>

  2823. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2824. </tr>

  2825. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%b</span></code></p></td>

  2826. <td><p>Month as locale’s abbreviated

  2827. name.</p></td>

  2828. <td><div class="line-block">

  2829. <div class="line">Jan, Feb, …, Dec

  2830. (en_US);</div>

  2831. <div class="line">Jan, Feb, …, Dez

  2832. (de_DE)</div>

  2833. </div>

  2834. </td>

  2835. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2836. </tr>

  2837. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%B</span></code></p></td>

  2838. <td><p>Month as locale’s full name.</p></td>

  2839. <td><div class="line-block">

  2840. <div class="line">January, February,

  2841. …, December (en_US);</div>

  2842. <div class="line">Januar, Februar, …,

  2843. Dezember (de_DE)</div>

  2844. </div>

  2845. </td>

  2846. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2847. </tr>

  2848. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%m</span></code></p></td>

  2849. <td><p>Month as a zero-padded

  2850. decimal number.</p></td>

  2851. <td><p>01, 02, …, 12</p></td>

  2852. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2853. </tr>

  2854. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%y</span></code></p></td>

  2855. <td><p>Year without century as a

  2856. zero-padded decimal number.</p></td>

  2857. <td><p>00, 01, …, 99</p></td>

  2858. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2859. </tr>

  2860. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Y</span></code></p></td>

  2861. <td><p>Year with century as a decimal

  2862. number.</p></td>

  2863. <td><p>0001, 0002, …, 2013,

  2864. 2014, …, 9998, 9999</p></td>

  2865. <td><p>(2)</p></td>

  2866. </tr>

  2867. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%H</span></code></p></td>

  2868. <td><p>Hour (24-hour clock) as a

  2869. zero-padded decimal number.</p></td>

  2870. <td><p>00, 01, …, 23</p></td>

  2871. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2872. </tr>

  2873. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%I</span></code></p></td>

  2874. <td><p>Hour (12-hour clock) as a

  2875. zero-padded decimal number.</p></td>

  2876. <td><p>01, 02, …, 12</p></td>

  2877. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2878. </tr>

  2879. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%p</span></code></p></td>

  2880. <td><p>Locale’s equivalent of either

  2881. AM or PM.</p></td>

  2882. <td><div class="line-block">

  2883. <div class="line">AM, PM (en_US);</div>

  2884. <div class="line">am, pm (de_DE)</div>

  2885. </div>

  2886. </td>

  2887. <td><p>(1),

  2888. (3)</p></td>

  2889. </tr>

  2890. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%M</span></code></p></td>

  2891. <td><p>Minute as a zero-padded

  2892. decimal number.</p></td>

  2893. <td><p>00, 01, …, 59</p></td>

  2894. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2895. </tr>

  2896. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%S</span></code></p></td>

  2897. <td><p>Second as a zero-padded

  2898. decimal number.</p></td>

  2899. <td><p>00, 01, …, 59</p></td>

  2900. <td><p>(4),

  2901. (9)</p></td>

  2902. </tr>

  2903. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%f</span></code></p></td>

  2904. <td><p>Microsecond as a decimal

  2905. number, zero-padded to 6

  2906. digits.</p></td>

  2907. <td><p>000000, 000001, …,

  2908. 999999</p></td>

  2909. <td><p>(5)</p></td>

  2910. </tr>

  2911. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code></p></td>

  2912. <td><p>UTC offset in the form

  2913. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]]</span></code> (empty

  2914. string if the object is

  2915. naive).</p></td>

  2916. <td><p>(empty), +0000,

  2917. -0400, +1030,

  2918. +063415,

  2919. -030712.345216</p></td>

  2920. <td><p>(6)</p></td>

  2921. </tr>

  2922. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code></p></td>

  2923. <td><p>Time zone name (empty string

  2924. if the object is naive).</p></td>

  2925. <td><p>(empty), UTC, GMT</p></td>

  2926. <td><p>(6)</p></td>

  2927. </tr>

  2928. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%j</span></code></p></td>

  2929. <td><p>Day of the year as a

  2930. zero-padded decimal number.</p></td>

  2931. <td><p>001, 002, …, 366</p></td>

  2932. <td><p>(9)</p></td>

  2933. </tr>

  2934. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%U</span></code></p></td>

  2935. <td><p>Week number of the year

  2936. (Sunday as the first day of

  2937. the week) as a zero-padded

  2938. decimal number. All days in a

  2939. new year preceding the first

  2940. Sunday are considered to be in

  2941. week 0.</p></td>

  2942. <td><p>00, 01, …, 53</p></td>

  2943. <td><p>(7),

  2944. (9)</p></td>

  2945. </tr>

  2946. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%W</span></code></p></td>

  2947. <td><p>Week number of the year

  2948. (Monday as the first day of

  2949. the week) as a zero-padded

  2950. decimal number. All days in a

  2951. new year preceding the first

  2952. Monday are considered to be in

  2953. week 0.</p></td>

  2954. <td><p>00, 01, …, 53</p></td>

  2955. <td><p>(7),

  2956. (9)</p></td>

  2957. </tr>

  2958. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%c</span></code></p></td>

  2959. <td><p>Locale’s appropriate date and

  2960. time representation.</p></td>

  2961. <td><div class="line-block">

  2962. <div class="line">Tue Aug 16 21:30:00

  2963. 1988 (en_US);</div>

  2964. <div class="line">Di 16 Aug 21:30:00

  2965. 1988 (de_DE)</div>

  2966. </div>

  2967. </td>

  2968. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2969. </tr>

  2970. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%x</span></code></p></td>

  2971. <td><p>Locale’s appropriate date

  2972. representation.</p></td>

  2973. <td><div class="line-block">

  2974. <div class="line">08/16/88 (None);</div>

  2975. <div class="line">08/16/1988 (en_US);</div>

  2976. <div class="line">16.08.1988 (de_DE)</div>

  2977. </div>

  2978. </td>

  2979. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2980. </tr>

  2981. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%X</span></code></p></td>

  2982. <td><p>Locale’s appropriate time

  2983. representation.</p></td>

  2984. <td><div class="line-block">

  2985. <div class="line">21:30:00 (en_US);</div>

  2986. <div class="line">21:30:00 (de_DE)</div>

  2987. </div>

  2988. </td>

  2989. <td><p>(1)</p></td>

  2990. </tr>

  2991. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%%</span></code></p></td>

  2992. <td><p>A literal <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'%'</span></code> character.</p></td>

  2993. <td><p>%</p></td>

  2994. <td></td>

  2995. </tr>

  2996. </tbody>

  2997. </table>

  2998. <p>Several additional directives not required by the C89 standard are included for

  2999. convenience. These parameters all correspond to ISO 8601 date values.</p>

  3000. <table class="docutils align-default">

  3001. <thead>

  3002. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Directive</p></th>

  3003. <th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>

  3004. <th class="head"><p>Example</p></th>

  3005. <th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>

  3006. </tr>

  3007. </thead>

  3008. <tbody>

  3009. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%G</span></code></p></td>

  3010. <td><p>ISO 8601 year with century

  3011. representing the year that

  3012. contains the greater part of

  3013. the ISO week (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%V</span></code>).</p></td>

  3014. <td><p>0001, 0002, …, 2013,

  3015. 2014, …, 9998, 9999</p></td>

  3016. <td><p>(8)</p></td>

  3017. </tr>

  3018. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%u</span></code></p></td>

  3019. <td><p>ISO 8601 weekday as a decimal

  3020. number where 1 is Monday.</p></td>

  3021. <td><p>1, 2, …, 7</p></td>

  3022. <td></td>

  3023. </tr>

  3024. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%V</span></code></p></td>

  3025. <td><p>ISO 8601 week as a decimal

  3026. number with Monday as

  3027. the first day of the week.

  3028. Week 01 is the week containing

  3029. Jan 4.</p></td>

  3030. <td><p>01, 02, …, 53</p></td>

  3031. <td><p>(8),

  3032. (9)</p></td>

  3033. </tr>

  3034. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%:z</span></code></p></td>

  3035. <td><p>UTC offset in the form

  3036. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]</span></code>

  3037. (empty string if the object is

  3038. naive).</p></td>

  3039. <td><p>(empty), +00:00,

  3040. -04:00, +10:30,

  3041. +06:34:15,

  3042. -03:07:12.345216</p></td>

  3043. <td><p>(6)</p></td>

  3044. </tr>

  3045. </tbody>

  3046. </table>

  3047. <p>These may not be available on all platforms when used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a>

  3048. method. The ISO 8601 year and ISO 8601 week directives are not interchangeable

  3049. with the year and week number directives above. Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> with

  3050. incomplete or ambiguous ISO 8601 directives will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>

  3051. <p>The full set of format codes supported varies across platforms, because Python

  3052. calls the platform C library’s <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> function, and platform

  3053. variations are common. To see the full set of format codes supported on your

  3054. platform, consult the <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/strftime(3)">strftime(3)</a></em> documentation. There are also

  3055. differences between platforms in handling of unsupported format specifiers.</p>

  3056. <div class="versionadded">

  3057. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%G</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%u</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%V</span></code> were added.</p>

  3058. </div>

  3059. <div class="versionadded">

  3060. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.12: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%:z</span></code> was added.</p>

  3061. </div>

  3062. </section>

  3063. <section id="technical-detail">

  3064. <h3>Technical Detail<a class="headerlink" href="#technical-detail" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  3065. <p>Broadly speaking, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.strftime(fmt)</span></code> acts like the <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> module’s

  3066. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.strftime(fmt,</span> <span class="pre">d.timetuple())</span></code> although not all objects support a

  3067. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.timetuple" title="datetime.date.timetuple"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timetuple()</span></code></a> method.</p>

  3068. <p>For the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.strptime()</span></code></a> class method, the default value is

  3069. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1900-01-01T00:00:00.000</span></code>: any components not specified in the format string

  3070. will be pulled from the default value. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id8" id="id4" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>4<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>

  3071. <p>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.strptime(date_string,</span> <span class="pre">format)</span></code> is equivalent to:</p>

  3072. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]))</span>

  3073. </pre></div>

  3074. </div>

  3075. <p>except when the format includes sub-second components or timezone offset

  3076. information, which are supported in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.strptime</span></code> but are discarded by

  3077. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.strptime</span></code>.</p>

  3078. <p>For <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> objects, the format codes for year, month, and day should not

  3079. be used, as <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> objects have no such values. If they’re used anyway,

  3080. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1900</span></code> is substituted for the year, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> for the month and day.</p>

  3081. <p>For <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects, the format codes for hours, minutes, seconds, and

  3082. microseconds should not be used, as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects have no such

  3083. values. If they’re used anyway, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is substituted for them.</p>

  3084. <p>For the same reason, handling of format strings containing Unicode code points

  3085. that can’t be represented in the charset of the current locale is also

  3086. platform-dependent. On some platforms such code points are preserved intact in

  3087. the output, while on others <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime</span></code> may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a> or return

  3088. an empty string instead.</p>

  3089. <p>Notes:</p>

  3090. <ol class="arabic">

  3091. <li><p>Because the format depends on the current locale, care should be taken when

  3092. making assumptions about the output value. Field orderings will vary (for

  3093. example, “month/day/year” versus “day/month/year”), and the output may

  3094. contain non-ASCII characters.</p></li>

  3095. <li><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method can parse years in the full [1, 9999] range, but

  3096. years &lt; 1000 must be zero-filled to 4-digit width.</p>

  3097. <div class="versionchanged">

  3098. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>In previous versions, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a> method was restricted to

  3099. years &gt;= 1900.</p>

  3100. </div>

  3101. <div class="versionchanged">

  3102. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>In version 3.2, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a> method was restricted to

  3103. years &gt;= 1000.</p>

  3104. </div>

  3105. </li>

  3106. <li><p>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%p</span></code> directive only affects

  3107. the output hour field if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%I</span></code> directive is used to parse the hour.</p></li>

  3108. <li><p>Unlike the <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> module, the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module does not support

  3109. leap seconds.</p></li>

  3110. <li><p>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%f</span></code> directive

  3111. accepts from one to six digits and zero pads on the right. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%f</span></code> is

  3112. an extension to the set of format characters in the C standard (but

  3113. implemented separately in datetime objects, and therefore always

  3114. available).</p></li>

  3115. <li><p>For a naive object, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%:z</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code> format codes are replaced

  3116. by empty strings.</p>

  3117. <p>For an aware object:</p>

  3118. <dl class="simple">

  3119. <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code></dt><dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> is transformed into a string of the form

  3120. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]]</span></code>, where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HH</span></code> is a 2-digit string giving the number

  3121. of UTC offset hours, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MM</span></code> is a 2-digit string giving the number of UTC

  3122. offset minutes, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SS</span></code> is a 2-digit string giving the number of UTC offset

  3123. seconds and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ffffff</span></code> is a 6-digit string giving the number of UTC

  3124. offset microseconds. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ffffff</span></code> part is omitted when the offset is a

  3125. whole number of seconds and both the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ffffff</span></code> and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SS</span></code> part is

  3126. omitted when the offset is a whole number of minutes. For example, if

  3127. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcoffset()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(hours=-3,</span> <span class="pre">minutes=-30)</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code> is

  3128. replaced with the string <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-0330'</span></code>.</p>

  3129. </dd>

  3130. </dl>

  3131. <div class="versionchanged">

  3132. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes.</p>

  3133. </div>

  3134. <div class="versionchanged">

  3135. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>When the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code> directive is provided to the  <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method,

  3136. the UTC offsets can have a colon as a separator between hours, minutes

  3137. and seconds.

  3138. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'+01:00:00'</span></code> will be parsed as an offset of one hour.

  3139. In addition, providing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Z'</span></code> is identical to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'+00:00'</span></code>.</p>

  3140. </div>

  3141. <dl>

  3142. <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%:z</span></code></dt><dd><p>Behaves exactly as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code>, but has a colon separator added between

  3143. hours, minutes and seconds.</p>

  3144. </dd>

  3145. <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code></dt><dd><p>In <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code></a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code> is replaced by an empty string if

  3146. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzname" title="datetime.datetime.tzname"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzname()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>; otherwise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code> is replaced by the

  3147. returned value, which must be a string.</p>

  3148. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> only accepts certain values for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Z</span></code>:</p>

  3149. <ol class="arabic simple">

  3150. <li><p>any value in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.tzname</span></code> for your machine’s locale</p></li>

  3151. <li><p>the hard-coded values <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UTC</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GMT</span></code></p></li>

  3152. </ol>

  3153. <p>So someone living in Japan may have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JST</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UTC</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GMT</span></code> as

  3154. valid values, but probably not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EST</span></code>. It will raise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> for

  3155. invalid values.</p>

  3156. </dd>

  3157. </dl>

  3158. <div class="versionchanged">

  3159. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>When the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%z</span></code> directive is provided to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method, an

  3160. aware <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object will be produced. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> of the

  3161. result will be set to a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> instance.</p>

  3162. </div>

  3163. </li>

  3164. <li><p>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%U</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%W</span></code> are only used

  3165. in calculations when the day of the week and the calendar year (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Y</span></code>)

  3166. are specified.</p></li>

  3167. <li><p>Similar to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%U</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%W</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%V</span></code> is only used in calculations when the

  3168. day of the week and the ISO year (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%G</span></code>) are specified in a

  3169. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> format string. Also note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%G</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%Y</span></code> are not

  3170. interchangeable.</p></li>

  3171. <li><p>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> method, the leading zero is optional

  3172. for  formats <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%d</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%m</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%H</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%I</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%M</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%S</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%j</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%U</span></code>,

  3173. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%W</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%V</span></code>. Format <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%y</span></code> does require a leading zero.</p></li>

  3174. </ol>

  3175. <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>

  3176. <aside class="footnote-list brackets">

  3177. <aside class="footnote brackets" id="id5" role="doc-footnote">

  3178. <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>

  3179. <p>If, that is, we ignore the effects of Relativity</p>

  3180. </aside>

  3181. <aside class="footnote brackets" id="id6" role="doc-footnote">

  3182. <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>

  3183. <p>This matches the definition of the “proleptic Gregorian” calendar in

  3184. Dershowitz and Reingold’s book <em>Calendrical Calculations</em>,

  3185. where it’s the base calendar for all computations. See the book for

  3186. algorithms for converting between proleptic Gregorian ordinals and

  3187. many other calendar systems.</p>

  3188. </aside>

  3189. <aside class="footnote brackets" id="id7" role="doc-footnote">

  3190. <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id3">3</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>

  3191. <p>See R. H. van Gent’s <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531051136/https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/calendar/isocalendar.htm">guide to the mathematics of the ISO 8601 calendar</a>

  3192. for a good explanation.</p>

  3193. </aside>

  3194. <aside class="footnote brackets" id="id8" role="doc-footnote">

  3195. <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id4">4</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>

  3196. <p>Passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.strptime('Feb</span> <span class="pre">29',</span> <span class="pre">'%b</span> <span class="pre">%d')</span></code> will fail since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1900</span></code> is not a leap year.</p>

  3197. </aside>

  3198. </aside>

  3199. </section>

  3200. </section>

  3201. </section>

  3202. 

  3203. 

  3204.             <div class="clearer"></div>

  3205.           </div>

  3206.         </div>

  3207.       </div>

  3208.       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">

  3209.         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">

  3210.   <div>

  3211.     <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>

  3212.     <ul>

  3213. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> — Basic date and time types</a><ul>

  3214. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#aware-and-naive-objects">Aware and Naive Objects</a></li>

  3215. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#constants">Constants</a></li>

  3216. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-types">Available Types</a><ul>

  3217. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#common-properties">Common Properties</a></li>

  3218. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive</a></li>

  3219. </ul>

  3220. </li>

  3221. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#timedelta-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  3222. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-timedelta">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a></li>

  3223. </ul>

  3224. </li>

  3225. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#date-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  3226. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-date">Examples of Usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a></li>

  3227. </ul>

  3228. </li>

  3229. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  3230. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-datetime">Examples of Usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></li>

  3231. </ul>

  3232. </li>

  3233. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> Objects</a><ul>

  3234. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-time">Examples of Usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></li>

  3235. </ul>

  3236. </li>

  3237. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tzinfo-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> Objects</a></li>

  3238. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#timezone-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> Objects</a></li>

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