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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 69. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="storage-page-layout.html" title="68.6. Database Page Layout" /><link rel="next" href="system-catalog-declarations.html" title="69.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 69. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="storage-page-layout.html" title="68.6. Database Page Layout">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part VII. Internals</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 12.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="system-catalog-declarations.html" title="69.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BKI"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 69. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="system-catalog-declarations.html">69.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="system-catalog-initial-data.html">69.2. System Catalog Initial Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="system-catalog-initial-data.html#SYSTEM-CATALOG-INITIAL-DATA-FORMAT">69.2.1. Data File Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="system-catalog-initial-data.html#SYSTEM-CATALOG-OID-ASSIGNMENT">69.2.2. OID Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="system-catalog-initial-data.html#SYSTEM-CATALOG-OID-REFERENCES">69.2.3. OID Reference Lookup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="system-catalog-initial-data.html#SYSTEM-CATALOG-AUTO-ARRAY-TYPES">69.2.4. Automatic Creation of Array Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="system-catalog-initial-data.html#SYSTEM-CATALOG-RECIPES">69.2.5. Recipes for Editing Data Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-format.html">69.3. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-commands.html">69.4. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-structure.html">69.5. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-example.html">69.6. BKI Example</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> uses many different system catalogs
  to keep track of the existence and properties of database objects, such as
  tables and functions.  Physically there is no difference between a system
  catalog and a plain user table, but the backend C code knows the structure
  and properties of each catalog, and can manipulate it directly at a low
  level.  Thus, for example, it is inadvisable to attempt to alter the
  structure of a catalog on-the-fly; that would break assumptions built into
  the C code about how rows of the catalog are laid out.  But the structure
  of the catalogs can change between major versions.
 </p><p>
  The structures of the catalogs are declared in specially formatted C
  header files in the <code class="filename">src/include/catalog/</code> directory of
  the source tree.  In particular, for each catalog there is a header file
  named after the catalog (e.g., <code class="filename">pg_class.h</code>
  for <code class="structname">pg_class</code>), which defines the set of columns
  the catalog has, as well as some other basic properties such as its OID.
  Other critical files defining the catalog structure
  include <code class="filename">indexing.h</code>, which defines the indexes present
  on all the system catalogs, and <code class="filename">toasting.h</code>, which
  defines TOAST tables for catalogs that need one.
 </p><p>
  Many of the catalogs have initial data that must be loaded into them
  during the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">bootstrap</span>”</span> phase
  of <span class="application">initdb</span>, to bring the system up to a point
  where it is capable of executing SQL commands.  (For
  example, <code class="filename">pg_class.h</code> must contain an entry for itself,
  as well as one for each other system catalog and index.)  This
  initial data is kept in editable form in data files that are also stored
  in the <code class="filename">src/include/catalog/</code> directory.  For example,
  <code class="filename">pg_proc.dat</code> describes all the initial rows that must
  be inserted into the <code class="structname">pg_proc</code> catalog.
 </p><p>
  To create the catalog files and load this initial data into them, a
  backend running in bootstrap mode reads a <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym>
  (Backend Interface) file containing commands and initial data.
  The <code class="filename">postgres.bki</code> file used in this mode is prepared
  from the aforementioned header and data files, while building
  a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> distribution, by a Perl script
  named <code class="filename">genbki.pl</code>.
  Although it's specific to a particular <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
  release, <code class="filename">postgres.bki</code> is platform-independent and is
  installed in the <code class="filename">share</code> subdirectory of the
  installation tree.
 </p><p>
  <code class="filename">genbki.pl</code> also produces a derived header file for
  each catalog, for example <code class="filename">pg_class_d.h</code> for
  the <code class="structname">pg_class</code> catalog.  This file contains
  automatically-generated macro definitions, and may contain other macros,
  enum declarations, and so on that can be useful for client C code that
  reads a particular catalog.
 </p><p>
  Most PostgreSQL developers don't need to be directly concerned with
  the <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> file, but almost any nontrivial feature
  addition in the backend will require modifying the catalog header files
  and/or initial data files.  The rest of this chapter gives some
  information about that, and for completeness describes
  the <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> file format.
 </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="storage-page-layout.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="internals.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="system-catalog-declarations.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">68.6. Database Page Layout </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 69.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules</td></tr></table></div></body></html>