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  194.   <section id="module-xml.dom.minidom">

  195. <span id="xml-dom-minidom-minimal-dom-implementation"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> — Minimal DOM implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  196. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py">Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py</a></p>

  197. <hr class="docutils" />

  198. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> is a minimal implementation of the Document Object

  199. Model interface, with an API similar to that in other languages.  It is intended

  200. to be simpler than the full DOM and also significantly smaller.  Users who are

  201. not already proficient with the DOM should consider using the

  202. <a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree" title="xml.etree.ElementTree: Implementation of the ElementTree API."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code></a> module for their XML processing instead.</p>

  203. <div class="admonition warning">

  204. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  205. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module is not secure against

  206. maliciously constructed data.  If you need to parse untrusted or

  207. unauthenticated data see <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML vulnerabilities</span></a>.</p>

  208. </div>

  209. <p>DOM applications typically start by parsing some XML into a DOM.  With

  210. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>, this is done through the parse functions:</p>

  211. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parseString</span>

  212. 

  213. <span class="n">dom1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;c:</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">temp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">mydata.xml&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># parse an XML file by name</span>

  214. 

  215. <span class="n">datasource</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;c:</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">temp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">mydata.xml&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  216. <span class="n">dom2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datasource</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># parse an open file</span>

  217. 

  218. <span class="n">dom3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;myxml&gt;Some data&lt;empty/&gt; some more data&lt;/myxml&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  219. </pre></div>

  220. </div>

  221. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> function can take either a filename or an open file object.</p>

  222. <dl class="py function">

  223. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.minidom.parse">

  224. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename_or_file</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  225. <dd><p>Return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> from the given input. <em>filename_or_file</em> may be

  226. either a file name, or a file-like object. <em>parser</em>, if given, must be a SAX2

  227. parser object. This function will change the document handler of the parser and

  228. activate namespace support; other parser configuration (like setting an entity

  229. resolver) must have been done in advance.</p>

  230. </dd></dl>

  231. 

  232. <p>If you have XML in a string, you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> function

  233. instead:</p>

  234. <dl class="py function">

  235. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.minidom.parseString">

  236. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parseString</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parser</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  237. <dd><p>Return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> that represents the <em>string</em>. This method creates an

  238. <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.StringIO" title="io.StringIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.StringIO</span></code></a> object for the string and passes that on to <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>.</p>

  239. </dd></dl>

  240. 

  241. <p>Both functions return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> object representing the content of the

  242. document.</p>

  243. <p>What the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> functions do is connect an XML

  244. parser with a “DOM builder” that can accept parse events from any SAX parser and

  245. convert them into a DOM tree.  The name of the functions are perhaps misleading,

  246. but are easy to grasp when learning the interfaces.  The parsing of the document

  247. will be completed before these functions return; it’s simply that these

  248. functions do not provide a parser implementation themselves.</p>

  249. <p>You can also create a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> by calling a method on a “DOM

  250. Implementation” object.  You can get this object either by calling the

  251. <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getDOMImplementation()</span></code> function in the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> package or the

  252. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module.  Once you have a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code>, you

  253. can add child nodes to it to populate the DOM:</p>

  254. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">getDOMImplementation</span>

  255. 

  256. <span class="n">impl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getDOMImplementation</span><span class="p">()</span>

  257. 

  258. <span class="n">newdoc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">impl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createDocument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;some_tag&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>

  259. <span class="n">top_element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">documentElement</span>

  260. <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createTextNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Some textual content.&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  261. <span class="n">top_element</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">appendChild</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span>

  262. </pre></div>

  263. </div>

  264. <p>Once you have a DOM document object, you can access the parts of your XML

  265. document through its properties and methods.  These properties are defined in

  266. the DOM specification.  The main property of the document object is the

  267. <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">documentElement</span></code> property.  It gives you the main element in the XML

  268. document: the one that holds all others.  Here is an example program:</p>

  269. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">dom3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;myxml&gt;Some data&lt;/myxml&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  270. <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dom3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">documentElement</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;myxml&quot;</span>

  271. </pre></div>

  272. </div>

  273. <p>When you are finished with a DOM tree, you may optionally call the

  274. <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unlink()</span></code> method to encourage early cleanup of the now-unneeded

  275. objects.  <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unlink()</span></code> is an <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>-specific

  276. extension to the DOM API that renders the node and its descendants

  277. essentially useless.  Otherwise, Python’s garbage collector will

  278. eventually take care of the objects in the tree.</p>

  279. <div class="admonition seealso">

  280. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  281. <dl class="simple">

  282. <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></dt><dd><p>The W3C recommendation for the DOM supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>.</p>

  283. </dd>

  284. </dl>

  285. </div>

  286. <section id="dom-objects">

  287. <span id="minidom-objects"></span><h2>DOM Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#dom-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  288. <p>The definition of the DOM API for Python is given as part of the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a>

  289. module documentation.  This section lists the differences between the API and

  290. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>.</p>

  291. <dl class="py method">

  292. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.unlink">

  293. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Node.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unlink</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.unlink" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  294. <dd><p>Break internal references within the DOM so that it will be garbage collected on

  295. versions of Python without cyclic GC.  Even when cyclic GC is available, using

  296. this can make large amounts of memory available sooner, so calling this on DOM

  297. objects as soon as they are no longer needed is good practice.  This only needs

  298. to be called on the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> object, but may be called on child nodes

  299. to discard children of that node.</p>

  300. <p>You can avoid calling this method explicitly by using the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a>

  301. statement. The following code will automatically unlink <em>dom</em> when the

  302. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> block is exited:</p>

  303. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">xml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minidom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datasource</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">dom</span><span class="p">:</span>

  304.     <span class="o">...</span> <span class="c1"># Work with dom.</span>

  305. </pre></div>

  306. </div>

  307. </dd></dl>

  308. 

  309. <dl class="py method">

  310. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml">

  311. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Node.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">writexml</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">writer</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">indent</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">addindent</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newl</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">standalone</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  312. <dd><p>Write XML to the writer object.  The writer receives texts but not bytes as input,

  313. it should have a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> method which matches that of the file object

  314. interface.  The <em>indent</em> parameter is the indentation of the current node.

  315. The <em>addindent</em> parameter is the incremental indentation to use for subnodes

  316. of the current one.  The <em>newl</em> parameter specifies the string to use to

  317. terminate newlines.</p>

  318. <p>For the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> node, an additional keyword argument <em>encoding</em> can

  319. be used to specify the encoding field of the XML header.</p>

  320. <p>Similarly, explicitly stating the <em>standalone</em> argument causes the

  321. standalone document declarations to be added to the prologue of the XML

  322. document.

  323. If the value is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">standalone=&quot;yes&quot;</span></code> is added,

  324. otherwise it is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;no&quot;</span></code>.

  325. Not stating the argument will omit the declaration from the document.</p>

  326. <div class="versionchanged">

  327. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writexml()</span></code></a> method now preserves the attribute order specified

  328. by the user.</p>

  329. </div>

  330. <div class="versionchanged">

  331. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>The <em>standalone</em> parameter was added.</p>

  332. </div>

  333. </dd></dl>

  334. 

  335. <dl class="py method">

  336. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml">

  337. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Node.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">toxml</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">standalone</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  338. <dd><p>Return a string or byte string containing the XML represented by

  339. the DOM node.</p>

  340. <p>With an explicit <em>encoding</em> <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id3" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> argument, the result is a byte

  341. string in the specified encoding.

  342. With no <em>encoding</em> argument, the result is a Unicode string, and the

  343. XML declaration in the resulting string does not specify an

  344. encoding. Encoding this string in an encoding other than UTF-8 is

  345. likely incorrect, since UTF-8 is the default encoding of XML.</p>

  346. <p>The <em>standalone</em> argument behaves exactly as in <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writexml()</span></code></a>.</p>

  347. <div class="versionchanged">

  348. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toxml()</span></code></a> method now preserves the attribute order specified

  349. by the user.</p>

  350. </div>

  351. <div class="versionchanged">

  352. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>The <em>standalone</em> parameter was added.</p>

  353. </div>

  354. </dd></dl>

  355. 

  356. <dl class="py method">

  357. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml">

  358. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Node.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">toprettyxml</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">indent</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'\t'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newl</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">standalone</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  359. <dd><p>Return a pretty-printed version of the document. <em>indent</em> specifies the

  360. indentation string and defaults to a tabulator; <em>newl</em> specifies the string

  361. emitted at the end of each line and defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\n</span></code>.</p>

  362. <p>The <em>encoding</em> argument behaves like the corresponding argument of

  363. <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toxml()</span></code></a>.</p>

  364. <p>The <em>standalone</em> argument behaves exactly as in <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writexml()</span></code></a>.</p>

  365. <div class="versionchanged">

  366. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toprettyxml()</span></code></a> method now preserves the attribute order specified

  367. by the user.</p>

  368. </div>

  369. <div class="versionchanged">

  370. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>The <em>standalone</em> parameter was added.</p>

  371. </div>

  372. </dd></dl>

  373. 

  374. </section>

  375. <section id="dom-example">

  376. <span id="id2"></span><h2>DOM Example<a class="headerlink" href="#dom-example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  377. <p>This example program is a fairly realistic example of a simple program. In this

  378. particular case, we do not take much advantage of the flexibility of the DOM.</p>

  379. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span>

  380. 

  381. <span class="n">document</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="se">\</span>

  382. <span class="s2">&lt;slideshow&gt;</span>

  383. <span class="s2">&lt;title&gt;Demo slideshow&lt;/title&gt;</span>

  384. <span class="s2">&lt;slide&gt;&lt;title&gt;Slide title&lt;/title&gt;</span>

  385. <span class="s2">&lt;point&gt;This is a demo&lt;/point&gt;</span>

  386. <span class="s2">&lt;point&gt;Of a program for processing slides&lt;/point&gt;</span>

  387. <span class="s2">&lt;/slide&gt;</span>

  388. 

  389. <span class="s2">&lt;slide&gt;&lt;title&gt;Another demo slide&lt;/title&gt;</span>

  390. <span class="s2">&lt;point&gt;It is important&lt;/point&gt;</span>

  391. <span class="s2">&lt;point&gt;To have more than&lt;/point&gt;</span>

  392. <span class="s2">&lt;point&gt;one slide&lt;/point&gt;</span>

  393. <span class="s2">&lt;/slide&gt;</span>

  394. <span class="s2">&lt;/slideshow&gt;</span>

  395. <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

  396. 

  397. <span class="n">dom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">xml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minidom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="p">)</span>

  398. 

  399. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nodelist</span><span class="p">):</span>

  400.     <span class="n">rc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>

  401.     <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nodelist</span><span class="p">:</span>

  402.         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nodeType</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_NODE</span><span class="p">:</span>

  403.             <span class="n">rc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>

  404.     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rc</span><span class="p">)</span>

  405. 

  406. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideshow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="p">):</span>

  407.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;html&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  408.     <span class="n">handleSlideshowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>

  409.     <span class="n">slides</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;slide&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  410.     <span class="n">handleToc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">)</span>

  411.     <span class="n">handleSlides</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">)</span>

  412.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;/html&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  413. 

  414. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlides</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">):</span>

  415.     <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">slide</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">:</span>

  416.         <span class="n">handleSlide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="p">)</span>

  417. 

  418. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="p">):</span>

  419.     <span class="n">handleSlideTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>

  420.     <span class="n">handlePoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;point&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>

  421. 

  422. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideshowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">):</span>

  423.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;title&gt;</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&lt;/title&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  424. 

  425. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">):</span>

  426.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;h2&gt;</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&lt;/h2&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  427. 

  428. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handlePoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">points</span><span class="p">):</span>

  429.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;ul&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  430.     <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">point</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">points</span><span class="p">:</span>

  431.         <span class="n">handlePoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">)</span>

  432.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;/ul&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  433. 

  434. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handlePoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">):</span>

  435.     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;li&gt;</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&lt;/li&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  436. 

  437. <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleToc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">):</span>

  438.     <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">slide</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">:</span>

  439.         <span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>

  440.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;p&gt;</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&lt;/p&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  441. 

  442. <span class="n">handleSlideshow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="p">)</span>

  443. </pre></div>

  444. </div>

  445. </section>

  446. <section id="minidom-and-the-dom-standard">

  447. <span id="minidom-and-dom"></span><h2>minidom and the DOM standard<a class="headerlink" href="#minidom-and-the-dom-standard" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  448. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module is essentially a DOM 1.0-compatible DOM with

  449. some DOM 2 features (primarily namespace features).</p>

  450. <p>Usage of the DOM interface in Python is straight-forward.  The following mapping

  451. rules apply:</p>

  452. <ul class="simple">

  453. <li><p>Interfaces are accessed through instance objects. Applications should not

  454. instantiate the classes themselves; they should use the creator functions

  455. available on the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> object. Derived interfaces support all

  456. operations (and attributes) from the base interfaces, plus any new operations.</p></li>

  457. <li><p>Operations are used as methods. Since the DOM uses only <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#in"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">in</span></code></a>

  458. parameters, the arguments are passed in normal order (from left to right).

  459. There are no optional arguments. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span></code> operations return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p></li>

  460. <li><p>IDL attributes map to instance attributes. For compatibility with the OMG IDL

  461. language mapping for Python, an attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> can also be accessed through

  462. accessor methods <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_get_foo()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_set_foo()</span></code>.  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readonly</span></code>

  463. attributes must not be changed; this is not enforced at runtime.</p></li>

  464. <li><p>The types <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">short</span> <span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">long</span></code>, and

  465. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">boolean</span></code> all map to Python integer objects.</p></li>

  466. <li><p>The type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMString</span></code> maps to Python strings. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> supports

  467. either bytes or strings, but will normally produce strings.

  468. Values of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMString</span></code> may also be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> where allowed to have the IDL

  469. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code> value by the DOM specification from the W3C.</p></li>

  470. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">const</span></code> declarations map to variables in their respective scope (e.g.

  471. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE</span></code>); they must not be changed.</p></li>

  472. <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMException</span></code> is currently not supported in <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>.

  473. Instead, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> uses standard Python exceptions such as

  474. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#AttributeError" title="AttributeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code></a>.</p></li>

  475. <li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NodeList</span></code> objects are implemented using Python’s built-in list type.

  476. These objects provide the interface defined in the DOM specification, but with

  477. earlier versions of Python they do not support the official API.  They are,

  478. however, much more “Pythonic” than the interface defined in the W3C

  479. recommendations.</p></li>

  480. </ul>

  481. <p>The following interfaces have no implementation in <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>:</p>

  482. <ul class="simple">

  483. <li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMTimeStamp</span></code></p></li>

  484. <li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntityReference</span></code></p></li>

  485. </ul>

  486. <p>Most of these reflect information in the XML document that is not of general

  487. utility to most DOM users.</p>

  488. <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>

  489. <aside class="footnote-list brackets">

  490. <aside class="footnote brackets" id="id3" role="doc-footnote">

  491. <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>

  492. <p>The encoding name included in the XML output should conform to

  493. the appropriate standards. For example, “UTF-8” is valid, but

  494. “UTF8” is not valid in an XML document’s declaration, even though

  495. Python accepts it as an encoding name.

  496. See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-EncodingDecl">https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-EncodingDecl</a>

  497. and <a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml">https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml</a>.</p>

  498. </aside>

  499. </aside>

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  512.     <ul>

  513. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code> — Minimal DOM implementation</a><ul>

  514. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dom-objects">DOM Objects</a></li>

  515. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dom-example">DOM Example</a></li>

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