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  193.   <section id="module-wave">

  194. <span id="wave-read-and-write-wav-files"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> — Read and write WAV files<a class="headerlink" href="#module-wave" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  195. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/wave.py">Lib/wave.py</a></p>

  196. <hr class="docutils" />

  197. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> module provides a convenient interface to the Waveform Audio

  198. “WAVE” (or “WAV”) file format. Only uncompressed PCM encoded wave files are

  199. supported.</p>

  200. <div class="versionchanged">

  201. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>Support for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE</span></code> headers was added, provided that the

  202. extended format is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM</span></code>.</p>

  203. </div>

  204. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> module defines the following function and exception:</p>

  205. <dl class="py function">

  206. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.open">

  207. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">wave.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.open" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  208. <dd><p>If <em>file</em> is a string, open the file by that name, otherwise treat it as a

  209. file-like object.  <em>mode</em> can be:</p>

  210. <dl class="simple">

  211. <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code></dt><dd><p>Read only mode.</p>

  212. </dd>

  213. <dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code></dt><dd><p>Write only mode.</p>

  214. </dd>

  215. </dl>

  216. <p>Note that it does not allow read/write WAV files.</p>

  217. <p>A <em>mode</em> of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code> returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read" title="wave.Wave_read"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read</span></code></a> object, while a <em>mode</em> of

  218. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code> returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write" title="wave.Wave_write"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_write</span></code></a> object.  If <em>mode</em> is omitted and a

  219. file-like object is passed as <em>file</em>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file.mode</span></code> is used as the default

  220. value for <em>mode</em>.</p>

  221. <p>If you pass in a file-like object, the wave object will not close it when its

  222. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code> method is called; it is the caller’s responsibility to close

  223. the file object.</p>

  224. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> function may be used in a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.  When

  225. the <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> block completes, the <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.close" title="wave.Wave_read.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read.close()</span></code></a> or

  226. <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.close" title="wave.Wave_write.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_write.close()</span></code></a> method is called.</p>

  227. <div class="versionchanged">

  228. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Added support for unseekable files.</p>

  229. </div>

  230. </dd></dl>

  231. 

  232. <dl class="py exception">

  233. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Error">

  234. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">wave.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Error</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Error" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  235. <dd><p>An error raised when something is impossible because it violates the WAV

  236. specification or hits an implementation deficiency.</p>

  237. </dd></dl>

  238. 

  239. <section id="wave-read-objects">

  240. <span id="id1"></span><h2>Wave_read Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#wave-read-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  241. <dl class="py class">

  242. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read">

  243. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">wave.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Wave_read</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  244. <dd><p>Read a WAV file.</p>

  245. <p>Wave_read objects, as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>, have the following methods:</p>

  246. <dl class="py method">

  247. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.close">

  248. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.close" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  249. <dd><p>Close the stream if it was opened by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a>, and make the instance

  250. unusable.  This is called automatically on object collection.</p>

  251. </dd></dl>

  252. 

  253. <dl class="py method">

  254. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getnchannels">

  255. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getnchannels</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getnchannels" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  256. <dd><p>Returns number of audio channels (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> for mono, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> for stereo).</p>

  257. </dd></dl>

  258. 

  259. <dl class="py method">

  260. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getsampwidth">

  261. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getsampwidth</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getsampwidth" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  262. <dd><p>Returns sample width in bytes.</p>

  263. </dd></dl>

  264. 

  265. <dl class="py method">

  266. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getframerate">

  267. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getframerate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getframerate" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  268. <dd><p>Returns sampling frequency.</p>

  269. </dd></dl>

  270. 

  271. <dl class="py method">

  272. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getnframes">

  273. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getnframes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getnframes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  274. <dd><p>Returns number of audio frames.</p>

  275. </dd></dl>

  276. 

  277. <dl class="py method">

  278. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getcomptype">

  279. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getcomptype</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getcomptype" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  280. <dd><p>Returns compression type (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'NONE'</span></code> is the only supported type).</p>

  281. </dd></dl>

  282. 

  283. <dl class="py method">

  284. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getcompname">

  285. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getcompname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getcompname" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  286. <dd><p>Human-readable version of <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.getcomptype" title="wave.Wave_read.getcomptype"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getcomptype()</span></code></a>. Usually <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'not</span> <span class="pre">compressed'</span></code>

  287. parallels <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'NONE'</span></code>.</p>

  288. </dd></dl>

  289. 

  290. <dl class="py method">

  291. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getparams">

  292. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getparams</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getparams" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  293. <dd><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#collections.namedtuple" title="collections.namedtuple"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span>

  294. <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span> <span class="pre">compname)</span></code>, equivalent to output of the

  295. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get*()</span></code> methods.</p>

  296. </dd></dl>

  297. 

  298. <dl class="py method">

  299. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.readframes">

  300. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">readframes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.readframes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  301. <dd><p>Reads and returns at most <em>n</em> frames of audio, as a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object.</p>

  302. </dd></dl>

  303. 

  304. <dl class="py method">

  305. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.rewind">

  306. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rewind</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.rewind" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  307. <dd><p>Rewind the file pointer to the beginning of the audio stream.</p>

  308. </dd></dl>

  309. 

  310. <p>The following two methods are defined for compatibility with the <a class="reference internal" href="aifc.html#module-aifc" title="aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aifc</span></code></a>

  311. module, and don’t do anything interesting.</p>

  312. <dl class="py method">

  313. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getmarkers">

  314. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getmarkers</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getmarkers" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  315. <dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  316. </dd></dl>

  317. 

  318. <dl class="py method">

  319. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.getmark">

  320. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getmark</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">id</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getmark" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  321. <dd><p>Raise an error.</p>

  322. </dd></dl>

  323. 

  324. <p>The following two methods define a term “position” which is compatible between

  325. them, and is otherwise implementation dependent.</p>

  326. <dl class="py method">

  327. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.setpos">

  328. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setpos</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pos</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.setpos" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  329. <dd><p>Set the file pointer to the specified position.</p>

  330. </dd></dl>

  331. 

  332. <dl class="py method">

  333. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_read.tell">

  334. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.tell" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  335. <dd><p>Return current file pointer position.</p>

  336. </dd></dl>

  337. 

  338. </dd></dl>

  339. 

  340. </section>

  341. <section id="wave-write-objects">

  342. <span id="id2"></span><h2>Wave_write Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#wave-write-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  343. <dl class="py class">

  344. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write">

  345. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">wave.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Wave_write</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  346. <dd><p>Write a WAV file.</p>

  347. <p>Wave_write objects, as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>.</p>

  348. <p>For seekable output streams, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code> header will automatically be updated

  349. to reflect the number of frames actually written.  For unseekable streams, the

  350. <em>nframes</em> value must be accurate when the first frame data is written.  An

  351. accurate <em>nframes</em> value can be achieved either by calling

  352. <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.setnframes" title="wave.Wave_write.setnframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setnframes()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.setparams" title="wave.Wave_write.setparams"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setparams()</span></code></a> with the number

  353. of frames that will be written before <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.close" title="wave.Wave_write.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> is called and

  354. then using <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></code></a> to write the frame data, or by

  355. calling <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code></a> with all of the frame data to be

  356. written.  In the latter case <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code></a> will calculate

  357. the number of frames in the data and set <em>nframes</em> accordingly before writing

  358. the frame data.</p>

  359. <div class="versionchanged">

  360. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Added support for unseekable files.</p>

  361. </div>

  362. <p>Wave_write objects have the following methods:</p>

  363. <dl class="py method">

  364. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.close">

  365. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.close" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  366. <dd><p>Make sure <em>nframes</em> is correct, and close the file if it was opened by

  367. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a>.  This method is called upon object collection.  It will raise

  368. an exception if the output stream is not seekable and <em>nframes</em> does not

  369. match the number of frames actually written.</p>

  370. </dd></dl>

  371. 

  372. <dl class="py method">

  373. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.setnchannels">

  374. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setnchannels</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setnchannels" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  375. <dd><p>Set the number of channels.</p>

  376. </dd></dl>

  377. 

  378. <dl class="py method">

  379. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.setsampwidth">

  380. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setsampwidth</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setsampwidth" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  381. <dd><p>Set the sample width to <em>n</em> bytes.</p>

  382. </dd></dl>

  383. 

  384. <dl class="py method">

  385. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.setframerate">

  386. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setframerate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setframerate" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  387. <dd><p>Set the frame rate to <em>n</em>.</p>

  388. <div class="versionchanged">

  389. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>A non-integral input to this method is rounded to the nearest

  390. integer.</p>

  391. </div>

  392. </dd></dl>

  393. 

  394. <dl class="py method">

  395. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.setnframes">

  396. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setnframes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setnframes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  397. <dd><p>Set the number of frames to <em>n</em>.  This will be changed later if the number

  398. of frames actually written is different (this update attempt will

  399. raise an error if the output stream is not seekable).</p>

  400. </dd></dl>

  401. 

  402. <dl class="py method">

  403. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.setcomptype">

  404. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setcomptype</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setcomptype" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  405. <dd><p>Set the compression type and description. At the moment, only compression type

  406. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NONE</span></code> is supported, meaning no compression.</p>

  407. </dd></dl>

  408. 

  409. <dl class="py method">

  410. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.setparams">

  411. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setparams</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tuple</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setparams" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  412. <dd><p>The <em>tuple</em> should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span> <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span>

  413. <span class="pre">compname)</span></code>, with values valid for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set*()</span></code> methods.  Sets all

  414. parameters.</p>

  415. </dd></dl>

  416. 

  417. <dl class="py method">

  418. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.tell">

  419. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.tell" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  420. <dd><p>Return current position in the file, with the same disclaimer for the

  421. <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.tell" title="wave.Wave_read.tell"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read.tell()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.setpos" title="wave.Wave_read.setpos"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read.setpos()</span></code></a> methods.</p>

  422. </dd></dl>

  423. 

  424. <dl class="py method">

  425. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw">

  426. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">writeframesraw</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  427. <dd><p>Write audio frames, without correcting <em>nframes</em>.</p>

  428. <div class="versionchanged">

  429. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Any <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> is now accepted.</p>

  430. </div>

  431. </dd></dl>

  432. 

  433. <dl class="py method">

  434. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="wave.Wave_write.writeframes">

  435. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">writeframes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  436. <dd><p>Write audio frames and make sure <em>nframes</em> is correct.  It will raise an

  437. error if the output stream is not seekable and the total number of frames

  438. that have been written after <em>data</em> has been written does not match the

  439. previously set value for <em>nframes</em>.</p>

  440. <div class="versionchanged">

  441. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Any <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> is now accepted.</p>

  442. </div>

  443. <p>Note that it is invalid to set any parameters after calling <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code></a>

  444. or <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></code></a>, and any attempt to do so will raise

  445. <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Error" title="wave.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave.Error</span></code></a>.</p>

  446. </dd></dl>

  447. 

  448. </dd></dl>

  449. 

  450. </section>

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