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  182.   <section id="module-urllib.robotparser">

  183. <span id="urllib-robotparser-parser-for-robots-txt"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-urllib.robotparser" title="urllib.robotparser: Load a robots.txt file and answer questions about fetchability of other URLs."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser</span></code></a> —  Parser for robots.txt<a class="headerlink" href="#module-urllib.robotparser" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  184. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/urllib/robotparser.py">Lib/urllib/robotparser.py</a></p>

  185. <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />

  186. <p>This module provides a single class, <a class="reference internal" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></code></a>, which answers

  187. questions about whether or not a particular user agent can fetch a URL on the

  188. web site that published the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file.  For more details on the

  189. structure of <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> files, see <a class="reference external" href="http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html">http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html</a>.</p>

  190. <dl class="py class">

  191. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser">

  192. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  193. <dd><p>This class provides methods to read, parse and answer questions about the

  194. <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file at <em>url</em>.</p>

  195. <dl class="py method">

  196. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.set_url">

  197. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_url</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.set_url" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  198. <dd><p>Sets the URL referring to a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file.</p>

  199. </dd></dl>

  200. 

  201. <dl class="py method">

  202. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.read">

  203. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.read" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  204. <dd><p>Reads the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> URL and feeds it to the parser.</p>

  205. </dd></dl>

  206. 

  207. <dl class="py method">

  208. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.parse">

  209. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">lines</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  210. <dd><p>Parses the lines argument.</p>

  211. </dd></dl>

  212. 

  213. <dl class="py method">

  214. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.can_fetch">

  215. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">can_fetch</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">useragent</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.can_fetch" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  216. <dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the <em>useragent</em> is allowed to fetch the <em>url</em>

  217. according to the rules contained in the parsed <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code>

  218. file.</p>

  219. </dd></dl>

  220. 

  221. <dl class="py method">

  222. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.mtime">

  223. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mtime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.mtime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  224. <dd><p>Returns the time the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file was last fetched.  This is

  225. useful for long-running web spiders that need to check for new

  226. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> files periodically.</p>

  227. </dd></dl>

  228. 

  229. <dl class="py method">

  230. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.modified">

  231. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">modified</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.modified" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  232. <dd><p>Sets the time the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file was last fetched to the current

  233. time.</p>

  234. </dd></dl>

  235. 

  236. <dl class="py method">

  237. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.crawl_delay">

  238. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">crawl_delay</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">useragent</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.crawl_delay" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  239. <dd><p>Returns the value of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Crawl-delay</span></code> parameter from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code>

  240. for the <em>useragent</em> in question.  If there is no such parameter or it

  241. doesn’t apply to the <em>useragent</em> specified or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> entry

  242. for this parameter has invalid syntax, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  243. <div class="versionadded">

  244. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6.</span></p>

  245. </div>

  246. </dd></dl>

  247. 

  248. <dl class="py method">

  249. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.request_rate">

  250. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">request_rate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">useragent</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.request_rate" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  251. <dd><p>Returns the contents of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Request-rate</span></code> parameter from

  252. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> as a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RequestRate(requests,</span> <span class="pre">seconds)</span></code>.

  253. If there is no such parameter or it doesn’t apply to the <em>useragent</em>

  254. specified or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> entry for this parameter has invalid

  255. syntax, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  256. <div class="versionadded">

  257. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6.</span></p>

  258. </div>

  259. </dd></dl>

  260. 

  261. <dl class="py method">

  262. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.site_maps">

  263. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">site_maps</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.site_maps" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  264. <dd><p>Returns the contents of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sitemap</span></code> parameter from

  265. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> in the form of a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list()</span></code></a>. If there is no such

  266. parameter or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> entry for this parameter has

  267. invalid syntax, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  268. <div class="versionadded">

  269. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.8.</span></p>

  270. </div>

  271. </dd></dl>

  272. 

  273. </dd></dl>

  274. 

  275. <p>The following example demonstrates basic use of the <a class="reference internal" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></code></a>

  276. class:</p>

  277. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urllib.robotparser</span>

  278. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">robotparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RobotFileParser</span><span class="p">()</span>

  279. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://www.musi-cal.com/robots.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  280. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>

  281. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rrate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request_rate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  282. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rrate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">requests</span>

  283. <span class="go">3</span>

  284. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rrate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>

  285. <span class="go">20</span>

  286. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crawl_delay</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  287. <span class="go">6</span>

  288. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">can_fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/search?city=San+Francisco&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  289. <span class="go">False</span>

  290. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">can_fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://www.musi-cal.com/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  291. <span class="go">True</span>

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