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  193.   <section id="module-tomllib">

  194. <span id="tomllib-parse-toml-files"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-tomllib" title="tomllib: Parse TOML files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tomllib</span></code></a> — Parse TOML files<a class="headerlink" href="#module-tomllib" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  195. <div class="versionadded">

  196. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.11.</span></p>

  197. </div>

  198. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/tomllib">Lib/tomllib</a></p>

  199. <hr class="docutils" />

  200. <p>This module provides an interface for parsing TOML (Tom’s Obvious Minimal

  201. Language, <a class="reference external" href="https://toml.io/en/">https://toml.io</a>). This module does not

  202. support writing TOML.</p>

  203. <div class="admonition seealso">

  204. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  205. <p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/tomli-w/">Tomli-W package</a>

  206. is a TOML writer that can be used in conjunction with this module,

  207. providing a write API familiar to users of the standard library

  208. <a class="reference internal" href="marshal.html#module-marshal" title="marshal: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">marshal</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#module-pickle" title="pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code></a> modules.</p>

  209. </div>

  210. <div class="admonition seealso">

  211. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  212. <p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/tomlkit/">TOML Kit package</a>

  213. is a style-preserving TOML library with both read and write capability.

  214. It is a recommended replacement for this module for editing already

  215. existing TOML files.</p>

  216. </div>

  217. <p>This module defines the following functions:</p>

  218. <dl class="py function">

  219. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="tomllib.load">

  220. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tomllib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">load</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fp</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">/</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parse_float</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">float</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tomllib.load" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  221. <dd><p>Read a TOML file. The first argument should be a readable and binary file object.

  222. Return a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a>. Convert TOML types to Python using this

  223. <a class="reference internal" href="#toml-to-py-table"><span class="std std-ref">conversion table</span></a>.</p>

  224. <p><em>parse_float</em> will be called with the string of every TOML

  225. float to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float(num_str)</span></code>.

  226. This can be used to use another datatype or parser for TOML floats

  227. (e.g. <a class="reference internal" href="decimal.html#decimal.Decimal" title="decimal.Decimal"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal.Decimal</span></code></a>). The callable must not return a

  228. <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a> or a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a>, else a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>

  229. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#tomllib.TOMLDecodeError" title="tomllib.TOMLDecodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TOMLDecodeError</span></code></a> will be raised on an invalid TOML document.</p>

  230. </dd></dl>

  231. 

  232. <dl class="py function">

  233. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="tomllib.loads">

  234. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tomllib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">loads</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">/</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">parse_float</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">float</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tomllib.loads" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  235. <dd><p>Load TOML from a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> object. Return a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a>. Convert TOML

  236. types to Python using this <a class="reference internal" href="#toml-to-py-table"><span class="std std-ref">conversion table</span></a>. The

  237. <em>parse_float</em> argument has the same meaning as in <a class="reference internal" href="#tomllib.load" title="tomllib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a>.</p>

  238. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#tomllib.TOMLDecodeError" title="tomllib.TOMLDecodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TOMLDecodeError</span></code></a> will be raised on an invalid TOML document.</p>

  239. </dd></dl>

  240. 

  241. <p>The following exceptions are available:</p>

  242. <dl class="py exception">

  243. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="tomllib.TOMLDecodeError">

  244. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">tomllib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TOMLDecodeError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#tomllib.TOMLDecodeError" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  245. <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>

  246. </dd></dl>

  247. 

  248. <section id="examples">

  249. <h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  250. <p>Parsing a TOML file:</p>

  251. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">tomllib</span>

  252. 

  253. <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pyproject.toml&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>

  254.     <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tomllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span>

  255. </pre></div>

  256. </div>

  257. <p>Parsing a TOML string:</p>

  258. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">tomllib</span>

  259. 

  260. <span class="n">toml_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

  261. <span class="s2">python-version = &quot;3.11.0&quot;</span>

  262. <span class="s2">python-implementation = &quot;CPython&quot;</span>

  263. <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

  264. 

  265. <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tomllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">toml_str</span><span class="p">)</span>

  266. </pre></div>

  267. </div>

  268. </section>

  269. <section id="conversion-table">

  270. <h2>Conversion Table<a class="headerlink" href="#conversion-table" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  271. <table class="docutils align-default" id="toml-to-py-table">

  272. <thead>

  273. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>TOML</p></th>

  274. <th class="head"><p>Python</p></th>

  275. </tr>

  276. </thead>

  277. <tbody>

  278. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>TOML document</p></td>

  279. <td><p>dict</p></td>

  280. </tr>

  281. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>string</p></td>

  282. <td><p>str</p></td>

  283. </tr>

  284. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>integer</p></td>

  285. <td><p>int</p></td>

  286. </tr>

  287. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>float</p></td>

  288. <td><p>float (configurable with <em>parse_float</em>)</p></td>

  289. </tr>

  290. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>boolean</p></td>

  291. <td><p>bool</p></td>

  292. </tr>

  293. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>offset date-time</p></td>

  294. <td><p>datetime.datetime (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> attribute set to an instance of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timezone</span></code>)</p></td>

  295. </tr>

  296. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>local date-time</p></td>

  297. <td><p>datetime.datetime (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> attribute set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>)</p></td>

  298. </tr>

  299. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>local date</p></td>

  300. <td><p>datetime.date</p></td>

  301. </tr>

  302. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>local time</p></td>

  303. <td><p>datetime.time</p></td>

  304. </tr>

  305. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>array</p></td>

  306. <td><p>list</p></td>

  307. </tr>

  308. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>table</p></td>

  309. <td><p>dict</p></td>

  310. </tr>

  311. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>inline table</p></td>

  312. <td><p>dict</p></td>

  313. </tr>

  314. <tr class="row-even"><td><p>array of tables</p></td>

  315. <td><p>list of dicts</p></td>

  316. </tr>

  317. </tbody>

  318. </table>

  319. </section>

  320. </section>

  321. 

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