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  193.   <section id="module-resource">

  194. <span id="resource-resource-usage-information"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-resource" title="resource: An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource</span></code></a> — Resource usage information<a class="headerlink" href="#module-resource" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  195. <hr class="docutils" />

  196. <p>This module provides basic mechanisms for measuring and controlling system

  197. resources utilized by a program.</p>

  198. <div class="availability docutils container">

  199. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.</p>

  200. </div>

  201. <p>Symbolic constants are used to specify particular system resources and to

  202. request usage information about either the current process or its children.</p>

  203. <p>An <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> is raised on syscall failure.</p>

  204. <dl class="py exception">

  205. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.error">

  206. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">error</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.error" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  207. <dd><p>A deprecated alias of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</p>

  208. <div class="versionchanged">

  209. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Following <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3151/"><strong>PEP 3151</strong></a>, this class was made an alias of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</p>

  210. </div>

  211. </dd></dl>

  212. 

  213. <section id="resource-limits">

  214. <h2>Resource Limits<a class="headerlink" href="#resource-limits" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  215. <p>Resources usage can be limited using the <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.setrlimit" title="resource.setrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrlimit()</span></code></a> function described

  216. below. Each resource is controlled by a pair of limits: a soft limit and a hard

  217. limit. The soft limit is the current limit, and may be lowered or raised by a

  218. process over time. The soft limit can never exceed the hard limit. The hard

  219. limit can be lowered to any value greater than the soft limit, but not raised.

  220. (Only processes with the effective UID of the super-user can raise a hard

  221. limit.)</p>

  222. <p>The specific resources that can be limited are system dependent. They are

  223. described in the <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/getrlimit(2)">getrlimit(2)</a></em> man page.  The resources listed below

  224. are supported when the underlying operating system supports them; resources

  225. which cannot be checked or controlled by the operating system are not defined in

  226. this module for those platforms.</p>

  227. <dl class="py data">

  228. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIM_INFINITY">

  229. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIM_INFINITY</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIM_INFINITY" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  230. <dd><p>Constant used to represent the limit for an unlimited resource.</p>

  231. </dd></dl>

  232. 

  233. <dl class="py function">

  234. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.getrlimit">

  235. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getrlimit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.getrlimit" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  236. <dd><p>Returns a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(soft,</span> <span class="pre">hard)</span></code> with the current soft and hard limits of

  237. <em>resource</em>. Raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if an invalid resource is specified, or

  238. <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.error" title="resource.error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error</span></code></a> if the underlying system call fails unexpectedly.</p>

  239. </dd></dl>

  240. 

  241. <dl class="py function">

  242. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.setrlimit">

  243. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrlimit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limits</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.setrlimit" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  244. <dd><p>Sets new limits of consumption of <em>resource</em>. The <em>limits</em> argument must be a

  245. tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(soft,</span> <span class="pre">hard)</span></code> of two integers describing the new limits. A value of

  246. <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.RLIM_INFINITY" title="resource.RLIM_INFINITY"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RLIM_INFINITY</span></code></a> can be used to request a limit that is

  247. unlimited.</p>

  248. <p>Raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if an invalid resource is specified, if the new soft

  249. limit exceeds the hard limit, or if a process tries to raise its hard limit.

  250. Specifying a limit of <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.RLIM_INFINITY" title="resource.RLIM_INFINITY"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RLIM_INFINITY</span></code></a> when the hard or

  251. system limit for that resource is not unlimited will result in a

  252. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.  A process with the effective UID of super-user can

  253. request any valid limit value, including unlimited, but <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>

  254. will still be raised if the requested limit exceeds the system imposed

  255. limit.</p>

  256. <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrlimit</span></code> may also raise <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.error" title="resource.error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error</span></code></a> if the underlying system call

  257. fails.</p>

  258. <p>VxWorks only supports setting <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE" title="resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_NOFILE</span></code></a>.</p>

  259. <p class="audit-hook">Raises an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource.setrlimit</span></code> with arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limits</span></code>.</p>

  260. </dd></dl>

  261. 

  262. <dl class="py function">

  263. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.prlimit">

  264. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">prlimit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pid</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limits</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.prlimit" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  265. <dd><p>Combines <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.setrlimit" title="resource.setrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrlimit()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrlimit" title="resource.getrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrlimit()</span></code></a> in one function and

  266. supports to get and set the resources limits of an arbitrary process. If

  267. <em>pid</em> is 0, then the call applies to the current process. <em>resource</em> and

  268. <em>limits</em> have the same meaning as in <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.setrlimit" title="resource.setrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrlimit()</span></code></a>, except that

  269. <em>limits</em> is optional.</p>

  270. <p>When <em>limits</em> is not given the function returns the <em>resource</em> limit of the

  271. process <em>pid</em>. When <em>limits</em> is given the <em>resource</em> limit of the process is

  272. set and the former resource limit is returned.</p>

  273. <p>Raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ProcessLookupError" title="ProcessLookupError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ProcessLookupError</span></code></a> when <em>pid</em> can’t be found and

  274. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#PermissionError" title="PermissionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PermissionError</span></code></a> when the user doesn’t have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAP_SYS_RESOURCE</span></code> for

  275. the process.</p>

  276. <p class="audit-hook">Raises an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource.prlimit</span></code> with arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pid</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limits</span></code>.</p>

  277. <div class="availability docutils container">

  278. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux &gt;= 2.6.36 with glibc &gt;= 2.13.</p>

  279. </div>

  280. <div class="versionadded">

  281. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  282. </div>

  283. </dd></dl>

  284. 

  285. <p>These symbols define resources whose consumption can be controlled using the

  286. <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.setrlimit" title="resource.setrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrlimit()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrlimit" title="resource.getrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrlimit()</span></code></a> functions described below. The values of

  287. these symbols are exactly the constants used by C programs.</p>

  288. <p>The Unix man page for <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/getrlimit(2)">getrlimit(2)</a></em> lists the available resources.

  289. Note that not all systems use the same symbol or same value to denote the same

  290. resource.  This module does not attempt to mask platform differences — symbols

  291. not defined for a platform will not be available from this module on that

  292. platform.</p>

  293. <dl class="py data">

  294. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_CORE">

  295. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_CORE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_CORE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  296. <dd><p>The maximum size (in bytes) of a core file that the current process can create.

  297. This may result in the creation of a partial core file if a larger core would be

  298. required to contain the entire process image.</p>

  299. </dd></dl>

  300. 

  301. <dl class="py data">

  302. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_CPU">

  303. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_CPU</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_CPU" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  304. <dd><p>The maximum amount of processor time (in seconds) that a process can use. If

  305. this limit is exceeded, a <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGXCPU</span></code> signal is sent to the process. (See

  306. the <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#module-signal" title="signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code></a> module documentation for information about how to catch this

  307. signal and do something useful, e.g. flush open files to disk.)</p>

  308. </dd></dl>

  309. 

  310. <dl class="py data">

  311. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_FSIZE">

  312. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_FSIZE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_FSIZE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  313. <dd><p>The maximum size of a file which the process may create.</p>

  314. </dd></dl>

  315. 

  316. <dl class="py data">

  317. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_DATA">

  318. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_DATA</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_DATA" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  319. <dd><p>The maximum size (in bytes) of the process’s heap.</p>

  320. </dd></dl>

  321. 

  322. <dl class="py data">

  323. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_STACK">

  324. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_STACK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_STACK" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  325. <dd><p>The maximum size (in bytes) of the call stack for the current process.  This only

  326. affects the stack of the main thread in a multi-threaded process.</p>

  327. </dd></dl>

  328. 

  329. <dl class="py data">

  330. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_RSS">

  331. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_RSS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_RSS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  332. <dd><p>The maximum resident set size that should be made available to the process.</p>

  333. </dd></dl>

  334. 

  335. <dl class="py data">

  336. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_NPROC">

  337. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_NPROC</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_NPROC" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  338. <dd><p>The maximum number of processes the current process may create.</p>

  339. </dd></dl>

  340. 

  341. <dl class="py data">

  342. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE">

  343. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_NOFILE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  344. <dd><p>The maximum number of open file descriptors for the current process.</p>

  345. </dd></dl>

  346. 

  347. <dl class="py data">

  348. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_OFILE">

  349. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_OFILE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_OFILE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  350. <dd><p>The BSD name for <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE" title="resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_NOFILE</span></code></a>.</p>

  351. </dd></dl>

  352. 

  353. <dl class="py data">

  354. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_MEMLOCK">

  355. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_MEMLOCK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_MEMLOCK" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  356. <dd><p>The maximum address space which may be locked in memory.</p>

  357. </dd></dl>

  358. 

  359. <dl class="py data">

  360. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_VMEM">

  361. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_VMEM</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_VMEM" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  362. <dd><p>The largest area of mapped memory which the process may occupy.</p>

  363. <div class="availability docutils container">

  364. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD &gt;= 11.</p>

  365. </div>

  366. </dd></dl>

  367. 

  368. <dl class="py data">

  369. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_AS">

  370. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_AS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_AS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  371. <dd><p>The maximum area (in bytes) of address space which may be taken by the process.</p>

  372. </dd></dl>

  373. 

  374. <dl class="py data">

  375. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE">

  376. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  377. <dd><p>The number of bytes that can be allocated for POSIX message queues.</p>

  378. <div class="availability docutils container">

  379. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux &gt;= 2.6.8.</p>

  380. </div>

  381. <div class="versionadded">

  382. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  383. </div>

  384. </dd></dl>

  385. 

  386. <dl class="py data">

  387. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_NICE">

  388. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_NICE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_NICE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  389. <dd><p>The ceiling for the process’s nice level (calculated as 20 - rlim_cur).</p>

  390. <div class="availability docutils container">

  391. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux &gt;= 2.6.12.</p>

  392. </div>

  393. <div class="versionadded">

  394. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  395. </div>

  396. </dd></dl>

  397. 

  398. <dl class="py data">

  399. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO">

  400. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_RTPRIO</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  401. <dd><p>The ceiling of the real-time priority.</p>

  402. <div class="availability docutils container">

  403. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux &gt;= 2.6.12.</p>

  404. </div>

  405. <div class="versionadded">

  406. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  407. </div>

  408. </dd></dl>

  409. 

  410. <dl class="py data">

  411. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_RTTIME">

  412. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_RTTIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_RTTIME" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  413. <dd><p>The time limit (in microseconds) on CPU time that a process can spend

  414. under real-time scheduling without making a blocking syscall.</p>

  415. <div class="availability docutils container">

  416. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux &gt;= 2.6.25.</p>

  417. </div>

  418. <div class="versionadded">

  419. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  420. </div>

  421. </dd></dl>

  422. 

  423. <dl class="py data">

  424. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING">

  425. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_SIGPENDING</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  426. <dd><p>The number of signals which the process may queue.</p>

  427. <div class="availability docutils container">

  428. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Linux &gt;= 2.6.8.</p>

  429. </div>

  430. <div class="versionadded">

  431. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  432. </div>

  433. </dd></dl>

  434. 

  435. <dl class="py data">

  436. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE">

  437. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_SBSIZE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  438. <dd><p>The maximum size (in bytes) of socket buffer usage for this user.

  439. This limits the amount of network memory, and hence the amount of mbufs,

  440. that this user may hold at any time.</p>

  441. <div class="availability docutils container">

  442. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD.</p>

  443. </div>

  444. <div class="versionadded">

  445. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  446. </div>

  447. </dd></dl>

  448. 

  449. <dl class="py data">

  450. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_SWAP">

  451. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_SWAP</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_SWAP" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  452. <dd><p>The maximum size (in bytes) of the swap space that may be reserved or

  453. used by all of this user id’s processes.

  454. This limit is enforced only if bit 1 of the vm.overcommit sysctl is set.

  455. Please see

  456. <a class="reference external" href="https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&amp;sektion=7">tuning(7)</a>

  457. for a complete description of this sysctl.</p>

  458. <div class="availability docutils container">

  459. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD.</p>

  460. </div>

  461. <div class="versionadded">

  462. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  463. </div>

  464. </dd></dl>

  465. 

  466. <dl class="py data">

  467. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_NPTS">

  468. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_NPTS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_NPTS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  469. <dd><p>The maximum number of pseudo-terminals created by this user id.</p>

  470. <div class="availability docutils container">

  471. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD.</p>

  472. </div>

  473. <div class="versionadded">

  474. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  475. </div>

  476. </dd></dl>

  477. 

  478. <dl class="py data">

  479. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RLIMIT_KQUEUES">

  480. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RLIMIT_KQUEUES</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RLIMIT_KQUEUES" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  481. <dd><p>The maximum number of kqueues this user id is allowed to create.</p>

  482. <div class="availability docutils container">

  483. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: FreeBSD &gt;= 11.</p>

  484. </div>

  485. <div class="versionadded">

  486. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.10.</span></p>

  487. </div>

  488. </dd></dl>

  489. 

  490. </section>

  491. <section id="resource-usage">

  492. <h2>Resource Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#resource-usage" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  493. <p>These functions are used to retrieve resource usage information:</p>

  494. <dl class="py function">

  495. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.getrusage">

  496. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getrusage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">who</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.getrusage" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  497. <dd><p>This function returns an object that describes the resources consumed by either

  498. the current process or its children, as specified by the <em>who</em> parameter.  The

  499. <em>who</em> parameter should be specified using one of the <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RUSAGE_*</span></code>

  500. constants described below.</p>

  501. <p>A simple example:</p>

  502. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">resource</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>

  503. <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span>

  504. 

  505. <span class="c1"># a non CPU-bound task</span>

  506. <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>

  507. <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getrusage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RUSAGE_SELF</span><span class="p">))</span>

  508. 

  509. <span class="c1"># a CPU-bound task</span>

  510. <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">**</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">):</span>

  511.    <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>

  512. <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getrusage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RUSAGE_SELF</span><span class="p">))</span>

  513. </pre></div>

  514. </div>

  515. <p>The fields of the return value each describe how a particular system resource

  516. has been used, e.g. amount of time spent running is user mode or number of times

  517. the process was swapped out of main memory. Some values are dependent on the

  518. clock tick internal, e.g. the amount of memory the process is using.</p>

  519. <p>For backward compatibility, the return value is also accessible as a tuple of 16

  520. elements.</p>

  521. <p>The fields <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_utime</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_stime</span></code> of the return value are

  522. floating point values representing the amount of time spent executing in user

  523. mode and the amount of time spent executing in system mode, respectively. The

  524. remaining values are integers. Consult the <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/getrusage(2)">getrusage(2)</a></em> man page for

  525. detailed information about these values. A brief summary is presented here:</p>

  526. <table class="docutils align-default">

  527. <thead>

  528. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Index</p></th>

  529. <th class="head"><p>Field</p></th>

  530. <th class="head"><p>Resource</p></th>

  531. </tr>

  532. </thead>

  533. <tbody>

  534. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code></p></td>

  535. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_utime</span></code></p></td>

  536. <td><p>time in user mode (float seconds)</p></td>

  537. </tr>

  538. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code></p></td>

  539. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_stime</span></code></p></td>

  540. <td><p>time in system mode (float seconds)</p></td>

  541. </tr>

  542. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code></p></td>

  543. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_maxrss</span></code></p></td>

  544. <td><p>maximum resident set size</p></td>

  545. </tr>

  546. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code></p></td>

  547. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_ixrss</span></code></p></td>

  548. <td><p>shared memory size</p></td>

  549. </tr>

  550. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">4</span></code></p></td>

  551. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_idrss</span></code></p></td>

  552. <td><p>unshared memory size</p></td>

  553. </tr>

  554. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">5</span></code></p></td>

  555. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_isrss</span></code></p></td>

  556. <td><p>unshared stack size</p></td>

  557. </tr>

  558. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">6</span></code></p></td>

  559. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_minflt</span></code></p></td>

  560. <td><p>page faults not requiring I/O</p></td>

  561. </tr>

  562. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">7</span></code></p></td>

  563. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_majflt</span></code></p></td>

  564. <td><p>page faults requiring I/O</p></td>

  565. </tr>

  566. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">8</span></code></p></td>

  567. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_nswap</span></code></p></td>

  568. <td><p>number of swap outs</p></td>

  569. </tr>

  570. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code></p></td>

  571. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_inblock</span></code></p></td>

  572. <td><p>block input operations</p></td>

  573. </tr>

  574. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10</span></code></p></td>

  575. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_oublock</span></code></p></td>

  576. <td><p>block output operations</p></td>

  577. </tr>

  578. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">11</span></code></p></td>

  579. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_msgsnd</span></code></p></td>

  580. <td><p>messages sent</p></td>

  581. </tr>

  582. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">12</span></code></p></td>

  583. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_msgrcv</span></code></p></td>

  584. <td><p>messages received</p></td>

  585. </tr>

  586. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">13</span></code></p></td>

  587. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_nsignals</span></code></p></td>

  588. <td><p>signals received</p></td>

  589. </tr>

  590. <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">14</span></code></p></td>

  591. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_nvcsw</span></code></p></td>

  592. <td><p>voluntary context switches</p></td>

  593. </tr>

  594. <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">15</span></code></p></td>

  595. <td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ru_nivcsw</span></code></p></td>

  596. <td><p>involuntary context switches</p></td>

  597. </tr>

  598. </tbody>

  599. </table>

  600. <p>This function will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if an invalid <em>who</em> parameter is

  601. specified. It may also raise <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.error" title="resource.error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error</span></code></a> exception in unusual circumstances.</p>

  602. </dd></dl>

  603. 

  604. <dl class="py function">

  605. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.getpagesize">

  606. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getpagesize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.getpagesize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  607. <dd><p>Returns the number of bytes in a system page. (This need not be the same as the

  608. hardware page size.)</p>

  609. </dd></dl>

  610. 

  611. <p>The following <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RUSAGE_*</span></code> symbols are passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrusage" title="resource.getrusage"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrusage()</span></code></a>

  612. function to specify which processes information should be provided for.</p>

  613. <dl class="py data">

  614. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RUSAGE_SELF">

  615. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RUSAGE_SELF</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RUSAGE_SELF" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  616. <dd><p>Pass to <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrusage" title="resource.getrusage"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrusage()</span></code></a> to request resources consumed by the calling

  617. process, which is the sum of resources used by all threads in the process.</p>

  618. </dd></dl>

  619. 

  620. <dl class="py data">

  621. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN">

  622. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RUSAGE_CHILDREN</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  623. <dd><p>Pass to <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrusage" title="resource.getrusage"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrusage()</span></code></a> to request resources consumed by child processes

  624. of the calling process which have been terminated and waited for.</p>

  625. </dd></dl>

  626. 

  627. <dl class="py data">

  628. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RUSAGE_BOTH">

  629. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RUSAGE_BOTH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RUSAGE_BOTH" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  630. <dd><p>Pass to <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrusage" title="resource.getrusage"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrusage()</span></code></a> to request resources consumed by both the current

  631. process and child processes.  May not be available on all systems.</p>

  632. </dd></dl>

  633. 

  634. <dl class="py data">

  635. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="resource.RUSAGE_THREAD">

  636. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">resource.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RUSAGE_THREAD</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#resource.RUSAGE_THREAD" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  637. <dd><p>Pass to <a class="reference internal" href="#resource.getrusage" title="resource.getrusage"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getrusage()</span></code></a> to request resources consumed by the current

  638. thread.  May not be available on all systems.</p>

  639. <div class="versionadded">

  640. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  641. </div>

  642. </dd></dl>

  643. 

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