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  193.   <section id="module-poplib">

  194. <span id="poplib-pop3-protocol-client"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-poplib" title="poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code></a> — POP3 protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-poplib" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  195. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/poplib.py">Lib/poplib.py</a></p>

  196. <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />

  197. <p>This module defines a class, <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a>, which encapsulates a connection to a

  198. POP3 server and implements the protocol as defined in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1939.html"><strong>RFC 1939</strong></a>. The

  199. <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> class supports both the minimal and optional command sets from

  200. <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1939.html"><strong>RFC 1939</strong></a>. The <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> class also supports the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STLS</span></code> command introduced

  201. in <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2595.html"><strong>RFC 2595</strong></a> to enable encrypted communication on an already established connection.</p>

  202. <p>Additionally, this module provides a class <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3_SSL" title="poplib.POP3_SSL"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3_SSL</span></code></a>, which provides

  203. support for connecting to POP3 servers that use SSL as an underlying protocol

  204. layer.</p>

  205. <p>Note that POP3, though widely supported, is obsolescent.  The implementation

  206. quality of POP3 servers varies widely, and too many are quite poor. If your

  207. mailserver supports IMAP, you would be better off using the

  208. <a class="reference internal" href="imaplib.html#imaplib.IMAP4" title="imaplib.IMAP4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib.IMAP4</span></code></a> class, as IMAP servers tend to be better implemented.</p>

  209. <div class="availability docutils container">

  210. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: not Emscripten, not WASI.</p>

  211. <p>This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms

  212. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-emscripten</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-wasi</span></code>. See

  213. <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#wasm-availability"><span class="std std-ref">WebAssembly platforms</span></a> for more information.</p>

  214. </div>

  215. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-poplib" title="poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code></a> module provides two classes:</p>

  216. <dl class="py class">

  217. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3">

  218. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">poplib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">POP3</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">host</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">port=POP3_PORT</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timeout</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  219. <dd><p>This class implements the actual POP3 protocol.  The connection is created when

  220. the instance is initialized. If <em>port</em> is omitted, the standard POP3 port (110)

  221. is used. The optional <em>timeout</em> parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the

  222. connection attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout setting will

  223. be used).</p>

  224. <p class="audit-hook">Raises an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib.connect</span></code> with arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">host</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">port</span></code>.</p>

  225. <p class="audit-hook"><p>All commands will raise an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a>

  226. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib.putline</span></code> with arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">line</span></code>,

  227. where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">line</span></code> is the bytes about to be sent to the remote host.</p>

  228. </p>

  229. <div class="versionchanged">

  230. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>If the <em>timeout</em> parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a

  231. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket.</p>

  232. </div>

  233. </dd></dl>

  234. 

  235. <dl class="py class">

  236. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3_SSL">

  237. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">poplib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">POP3_SSL</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">host</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">port</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">POP3_SSL_PORT</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timeout</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">context</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3_SSL" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  238. <dd><p>This is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> that connects to the server over an SSL

  239. encrypted socket.  If <em>port</em> is not specified, 995, the standard POP3-over-SSL

  240. port is used.  <em>timeout</em> works as in the <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> constructor.

  241. <em>context</em> is an optional <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object which allows

  242. bundling SSL configuration options, certificates and private keys into a

  243. single (potentially long-lived) structure.  Please read <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span class="std std-ref">Security considerations</span></a>

  244. for best practices.</p>

  245. <p class="audit-hook">Raises an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib.connect</span></code> with arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">host</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">port</span></code>.</p>

  246. <p class="audit-hook"><p>All commands will raise an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a>

  247. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib.putline</span></code> with arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">line</span></code>,

  248. where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">line</span></code> is the bytes about to be sent to the remote host.</p>

  249. </p>

  250. <div class="versionchanged">

  251. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span><em>context</em> parameter added.</p>

  252. </div>

  253. <div class="versionchanged">

  254. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The class now supports hostname check with

  255. <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see

  256. <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p>

  257. </div>

  258. <div class="versionchanged">

  259. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>If the <em>timeout</em> parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a

  260. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket.</p>

  261. </div>

  262. <div class="versionchanged">

  263. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>The deprecated <em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> parameters have been removed.</p>

  264. </div>

  265. </dd></dl>

  266. 

  267. <p>One exception is defined as an attribute of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-poplib" title="poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code></a> module:</p>

  268. <dl class="py exception">

  269. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.error_proto">

  270. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">poplib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">error_proto</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.error_proto" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  271. <dd><p>Exception raised on any errors from this module (errors from <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#module-socket" title="socket: Low-level networking interface."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>

  272. module are not caught). The reason for the exception is passed to the

  273. constructor as a string.</p>

  274. </dd></dl>

  275. 

  276. <div class="admonition seealso">

  277. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  278. <dl class="simple">

  279. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="imaplib.html#module-imaplib" title="imaplib: IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>The standard Python IMAP module.</p>

  280. </dd>

  281. <dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/fetchmail-FAQ.html">Frequently Asked Questions About Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><p>The FAQ for the <strong class="program">fetchmail</strong> POP/IMAP client collects information on

  282. POP3 server variations and RFC noncompliance that may be useful if you need to

  283. write an application based on the POP protocol.</p>

  284. </dd>

  285. </dl>

  286. </div>

  287. <section id="pop3-objects">

  288. <span id="id1"></span><h2>POP3 Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#pop3-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  289. <p>All POP3 commands are represented by methods of the same name, in lowercase;

  290. most return the response text sent by the server.</p>

  291. <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> instance has the following methods:</p>

  292. <dl class="py method">

  293. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.set_debuglevel">

  294. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_debuglevel</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">level</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.set_debuglevel" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  295. <dd><p>Set the instance’s debugging level.  This controls the amount of debugging

  296. output printed.  The default, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, produces no debugging output.  A value of

  297. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line

  298. per request.  A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> or higher produces the maximum amount of

  299. debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.</p>

  300. </dd></dl>

  301. 

  302. <dl class="py method">

  303. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.getwelcome">

  304. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getwelcome</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.getwelcome" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  305. <dd><p>Returns the greeting string sent by the POP3 server.</p>

  306. </dd></dl>

  307. 

  308. <dl class="py method">

  309. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.capa">

  310. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">capa</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.capa" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  311. <dd><p>Query the server’s capabilities as specified in <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2449.html"><strong>RFC 2449</strong></a>.

  312. Returns a dictionary in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{'name':</span> <span class="pre">['param'...]}</span></code>.</p>

  313. <div class="versionadded">

  314. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  315. </div>

  316. </dd></dl>

  317. 

  318. <dl class="py method">

  319. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.user">

  320. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">user</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">username</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.user" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  321. <dd><p>Send user command, response should indicate that a password is required.</p>

  322. </dd></dl>

  323. 

  324. <dl class="py method">

  325. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.pass_">

  326. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pass_</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">password</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.pass_" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  327. <dd><p>Send password, response includes message count and mailbox size. Note: the

  328. mailbox on the server is locked until <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3.quit" title="poplib.POP3.quit"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quit()</span></code></a> is called.</p>

  329. </dd></dl>

  330. 

  331. <dl class="py method">

  332. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.apop">

  333. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">apop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">user</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">secret</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.apop" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  334. <dd><p>Use the more secure APOP authentication to log into the POP3 server.</p>

  335. </dd></dl>

  336. 

  337. <dl class="py method">

  338. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.rpop">

  339. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rpop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">user</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.rpop" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  340. <dd><p>Use RPOP authentication (similar to UNIX r-commands) to log into POP3 server.</p>

  341. </dd></dl>

  342. 

  343. <dl class="py method">

  344. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.stat">

  345. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">stat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.stat" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  346. <dd><p>Get mailbox status.  The result is a tuple of 2 integers: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(message</span> <span class="pre">count,</span>

  347. <span class="pre">mailbox</span> <span class="pre">size)</span></code>.</p>

  348. </dd></dl>

  349. 

  350. <dl class="py method">

  351. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.list">

  352. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">list</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">which</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.list" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  353. <dd><p>Request message list, result is in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['mesg_num</span> <span class="pre">octets',</span>

  354. <span class="pre">...],</span> <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>. If <em>which</em> is set, it is the message to list.</p>

  355. </dd></dl>

  356. 

  357. <dl class="py method">

  358. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.retr">

  359. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">retr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">which</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.retr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  360. <dd><p>Retrieve whole message number <em>which</em>, and set its seen flag. Result is in form

  361. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['line',</span> <span class="pre">...],</span> <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>.</p>

  362. </dd></dl>

  363. 

  364. <dl class="py method">

  365. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.dele">

  366. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dele</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">which</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.dele" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  367. <dd><p>Flag message number <em>which</em> for deletion.  On most servers deletions are not

  368. actually performed until QUIT (the major exception is Eudora QPOP, which

  369. deliberately violates the RFCs by doing pending deletes on any disconnect).</p>

  370. </dd></dl>

  371. 

  372. <dl class="py method">

  373. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.rset">

  374. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rset</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.rset" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  375. <dd><p>Remove any deletion marks for the mailbox.</p>

  376. </dd></dl>

  377. 

  378. <dl class="py method">

  379. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.noop">

  380. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">noop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.noop" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  381. <dd><p>Do nothing.  Might be used as a keep-alive.</p>

  382. </dd></dl>

  383. 

  384. <dl class="py method">

  385. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.quit">

  386. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">quit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.quit" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  387. <dd><p>Signoff:  commit changes, unlock mailbox, drop connection.</p>

  388. </dd></dl>

  389. 

  390. <dl class="py method">

  391. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.top">

  392. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">top</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">which</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">howmuch</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.top" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  393. <dd><p>Retrieves the message header plus <em>howmuch</em> lines of the message after the

  394. header of message number <em>which</em>. Result is in form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['line',</span> <span class="pre">...],</span>

  395. <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>.</p>

  396. <p>The POP3 TOP command this method uses, unlike the RETR command, doesn’t set the

  397. message’s seen flag; unfortunately, TOP is poorly specified in the RFCs and is

  398. frequently broken in off-brand servers. Test this method by hand against the

  399. POP3 servers you will use before trusting it.</p>

  400. </dd></dl>

  401. 

  402. <dl class="py method">

  403. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.uidl">

  404. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uidl</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">which</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.uidl" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  405. <dd><p>Return message digest (unique id) list. If <em>which</em> is specified, result contains

  406. the unique id for that message in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'response</span> <span class="pre">mesgnum</span> <span class="pre">uid</span></code>, otherwise

  407. result is list <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['mesgnum</span> <span class="pre">uid',</span> <span class="pre">...],</span> <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>.</p>

  408. </dd></dl>

  409. 

  410. <dl class="py method">

  411. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.utf8">

  412. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">utf8</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.utf8" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  413. <dd><p>Try to switch to UTF-8 mode. Returns the server response if successful,

  414. raises <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.error_proto" title="poplib.error_proto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_proto</span></code></a> if not. Specified in <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6856.html"><strong>RFC 6856</strong></a>.</p>

  415. <div class="versionadded">

  416. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.5.</span></p>

  417. </div>

  418. </dd></dl>

  419. 

  420. <dl class="py method">

  421. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="poplib.POP3.stls">

  422. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">POP3.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">stls</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">context</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.stls" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  423. <dd><p>Start a TLS session on the active connection as specified in <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2595.html"><strong>RFC 2595</strong></a>.

  424. This is only allowed before user authentication</p>

  425. <p><em>context</em> parameter is a <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object which allows

  426. bundling SSL configuration options, certificates and private keys into

  427. a single (potentially long-lived) structure.  Please read <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span class="std std-ref">Security considerations</span></a>

  428. for best practices.</p>

  429. <p>This method supports hostname checking via

  430. <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see

  431. <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p>

  432. <div class="versionadded">

  433. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p>

  434. </div>

  435. </dd></dl>

  436. 

  437. <p>Instances of <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3_SSL" title="poplib.POP3_SSL"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3_SSL</span></code></a> have no additional methods. The interface of this

  438. subclass is identical to its parent.</p>

  439. </section>

  440. <section id="pop3-example">

  441. <span id="id2"></span><h2>POP3 Example<a class="headerlink" href="#pop3-example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  442. <p>Here is a minimal example (without error checking) that opens a mailbox and

  443. retrieves and prints all messages:</p>

  444. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">getpass</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">poplib</span>

  445. 

  446. <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">poplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POP3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  447. <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getuser</span><span class="p">())</span>

  448. <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pass_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="p">())</span>

  449. <span class="n">numMessages</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>

  450. <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numMessages</span><span class="p">):</span>

  451.     <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>

  452.         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">)</span>

  453. </pre></div>

  454. </div>

  455. <p>At the end of the module, there is a test section that contains a more extensive

  456. example of usage.</p>

  457. </section>

  458. </section>

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