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  <section id="internationalization">
<span id="i18n"></span><h1>Internationalization<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter help you write software that is
independent of language and locale by providing mechanisms for selecting a
language to be used in  program messages or by tailoring output to match local
conventions.</p>
<p>The list of modules described in this chapter is:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gettext</span></code> — Multilingual internationalization services</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#gnu-gettext-api">GNU <strong class="program">gettext</strong> API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#class-based-api">Class-based API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#the-nulltranslations-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NullTranslations</span></code> class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#the-gnutranslations-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GNUTranslations</span></code> class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#solaris-message-catalog-support">Solaris message catalog support</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules">Internationalizing your programs and modules</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#localizing-your-module">Localizing your module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#localizing-your-application">Localizing your application</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#changing-languages-on-the-fly">Changing languages on the fly</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#deferred-translations">Deferred translations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettext.html#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="locale.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locale</span></code> — Internationalization services</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="locale.html#for-extension-writers-and-programs-that-embed-python">For extension writers and programs that embed Python</a></li>
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