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  99. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#cookie-objects">Cookie Objects</a></li>

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  194.   <section id="module-http.cookies">

  195. <span id="http-cookies-http-state-management"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code></a> — HTTP state management<a class="headerlink" href="#module-http.cookies" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  196. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/http/cookies.py">Lib/http/cookies.py</a></p>

  197. <hr class="docutils" />

  198. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code></a> module defines classes for abstracting the concept of

  199. cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism. It supports both simple string-only

  200. cookies, and provides an abstraction for having any serializable data-type as

  201. cookie value.</p>

  202. <p>The module formerly strictly applied the parsing rules described in the

  203. <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> and <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2068.html"><strong>RFC 2068</strong></a> specifications.  It has since been discovered that

  204. MSIE 3.0x didn’t follow the character rules outlined in those specs; many

  205. current-day browsers and servers have also relaxed parsing rules when it comes

  206. to cookie handling.  As a result, this module now uses parsing rules that are a

  207. bit less strict than they once were.</p>

  208. <p>The character set, <a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string.ascii_letters" title="string.ascii_letters"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.ascii_letters</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string.digits" title="string.digits"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.digits</span></code></a> and

  209. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">!#$%&amp;'*+-.^_`|~:</span></code> denote the set of valid characters allowed by this module

  210. in a cookie name (as <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="http.cookies.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">key</span></code></a>).</p>

  211. <div class="versionchanged">

  212. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Allowed ‘:’ as a valid cookie name character.</p>

  213. </div>

  214. <div class="admonition note">

  215. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  216. <p>On encountering an invalid cookie, <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="http.cookies.CookieError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></code></a> is raised, so if your

  217. cookie data comes from a browser you should always prepare for invalid data

  218. and catch <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="http.cookies.CookieError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></code></a> on parsing.</p>

  219. </div>

  220. <dl class="py exception">

  221. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.CookieError">

  222. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">http.cookies.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  223. <dd><p>Exception failing because of <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> invalidity: incorrect attributes,

  224. incorrect <em class="mailheader">Set-Cookie</em> header, etc.</p>

  225. </dd></dl>

  226. 

  227. <dl class="py class">

  228. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie">

  229. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">http.cookies.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">input</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  230. <dd><p>This class is a dictionary-like object whose keys are strings and whose values

  231. are <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a> instances. Note that upon setting a key to a value, the

  232. value is first converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a> containing the key and the value.</p>

  233. <p>If <em>input</em> is given, it is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.load" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.load"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> method.</p>

  234. </dd></dl>

  235. 

  236. <dl class="py class">

  237. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.SimpleCookie">

  238. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">http.cookies.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SimpleCookie</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">input</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.SimpleCookie" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  239. <dd><p>This class derives from <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> and overrides <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></code></a>

  240. and <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></code></a>. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SimpleCookie</span></code> supports

  241. strings as cookie values. When setting the value, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SimpleCookie</span></code>

  242. calls the builtin <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> to convert

  243. the value to a string. Values received from HTTP are kept as strings.</p>

  244. </dd></dl>

  245. 

  246. <div class="admonition seealso">

  247. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  248. <dl class="simple">

  249. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar" title="http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookiejar</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>HTTP cookie handling for web <em>clients</em>.  The <a class="reference internal" href="http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar" title="http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookiejar</span></code></a> and

  250. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code></a> modules do not depend on each other.</p>

  251. </dd>

  252. <dt><span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> - HTTP State Management Mechanism</dt><dd><p>This is the state management specification implemented by this module.</p>

  253. </dd>

  254. </dl>

  255. </div>

  256. <section id="cookie-objects">

  257. <span id="id1"></span><h2>Cookie Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cookie-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  258. <dl class="py method">

  259. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode">

  260. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">BaseCookie.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">value_decode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">val</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  261. <dd><p>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(real_value,</span> <span class="pre">coded_value)</span></code> from a string representation.

  262. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">real_value</span></code> can be any type. This method does no decoding in

  263. <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> — it exists so it can be overridden.</p>

  264. </dd></dl>

  265. 

  266. <dl class="py method">

  267. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode">

  268. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">BaseCookie.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">value_encode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">val</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  269. <dd><p>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(real_value,</span> <span class="pre">coded_value)</span></code>. <em>val</em> can be any type, but

  270. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coded_value</span></code> will always be converted to a string.

  271. This method does no encoding in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> — it exists so it can

  272. be overridden.</p>

  273. <p>In general, it should be the case that <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></code></a> and

  274. <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></code></a> are inverses on the range of <em>value_decode</em>.</p>

  275. </dd></dl>

  276. 

  277. <dl class="py method">

  278. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output">

  279. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">BaseCookie.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">header</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'Set-Cookie:'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sep</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  280. <dd><p>Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers. <em>attrs</em> and

  281. <em>header</em> are sent to each <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a>’s <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a> method. <em>sep</em> is used

  282. to join the headers together, and is by default the combination <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></code>

  283. (CRLF).</p>

  284. </dd></dl>

  285. 

  286. <dl class="py method">

  287. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output">

  288. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">BaseCookie.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">js_output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  289. <dd><p>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which

  290. supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.</p>

  291. <p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a>.</p>

  292. </dd></dl>

  293. 

  294. <dl class="py method">

  295. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.load">

  296. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">BaseCookie.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">load</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rawdata</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.load" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  297. <dd><p>If <em>rawdata</em> is a string, parse it as an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTTP_COOKIE</span></code> and add the values

  298. found there as <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a>s. If it is a dictionary, it is equivalent to:</p>

  299. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rawdata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>

  300.     <span class="n">cookie</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span>

  301. </pre></div>

  302. </div>

  303. </dd></dl>

  304. 

  305. </section>

  306. <section id="morsel-objects">

  307. <span id="id2"></span><h2>Morsel Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#morsel-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  308. <dl class="py class">

  309. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel">

  310. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">http.cookies.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  311. <dd><p>Abstract a key/value pair, which has some <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attributes.</p>

  312. <p>Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant — the valid

  313. <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attributes, which are:</p>

  314. <blockquote>

  315. <div><dl class="py attribute">

  316. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.expires">

  317. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expires</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.expires" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  318. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.path">

  319. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">path</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.path" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  320. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.comment">

  321. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">comment</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.comment" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  322. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.domain">

  323. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">domain</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.domain" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  324. <dt class="sig sig-object py">

  325. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max-age</span></span></dt>

  326. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.secure">

  327. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">secure</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.secure" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  328. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.version">

  329. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">version</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.version" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  330. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.httponly">

  331. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">httponly</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.httponly" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  332. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.samesite">

  333. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">samesite</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.samesite" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  334. <dd></dd></dl>

  335. 

  336. </div></blockquote>

  337. <p>The attribute <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.httponly" title="http.cookies.Morsel.httponly"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">httponly</span></code></a> specifies that the cookie is only transferred

  338. in HTTP requests, and is not accessible through JavaScript. This is intended

  339. to mitigate some forms of cross-site scripting.</p>

  340. <p>The attribute <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.samesite" title="http.cookies.Morsel.samesite"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">samesite</span></code></a> specifies that the browser is not allowed to

  341. send the cookie along with cross-site requests. This helps to mitigate CSRF

  342. attacks. Valid values for this attribute are “Strict” and “Lax”.</p>

  343. <p>The keys are case-insensitive and their default value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">''</span></code>.</p>

  344. <div class="versionchanged">

  345. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__eq__()</span></code> now takes <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="http.cookies.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">key</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="http.cookies.Morsel.value"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code></a>

  346. into account.</p>

  347. </div>

  348. <div class="versionchanged">

  349. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>Attributes <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="http.cookies.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">key</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="http.cookies.Morsel.value"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code></a> and

  350. <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value" title="http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coded_value</span></code></a> are read-only.  Use <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.set" title="http.cookies.Morsel.set"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set()</span></code></a> for

  351. setting them.</p>

  352. </div>

  353. <div class="versionchanged">

  354. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Added support for the <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.samesite" title="http.cookies.Morsel.samesite"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">samesite</span></code></a> attribute.</p>

  355. </div>

  356. </dd></dl>

  357. 

  358. <dl class="py attribute">

  359. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.value">

  360. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">value</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  361. <dd><p>The value of the cookie.</p>

  362. </dd></dl>

  363. 

  364. <dl class="py attribute">

  365. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value">

  366. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">coded_value</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  367. <dd><p>The encoded value of the cookie — this is what should be sent.</p>

  368. </dd></dl>

  369. 

  370. <dl class="py attribute">

  371. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.key">

  372. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">key</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  373. <dd><p>The name of the cookie.</p>

  374. </dd></dl>

  375. 

  376. <dl class="py method">

  377. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.set">

  378. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">key</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">coded_value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.set" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  379. <dd><p>Set the <em>key</em>, <em>value</em> and <em>coded_value</em> attributes.</p>

  380. </dd></dl>

  381. 

  382. <dl class="py method">

  383. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.isReservedKey">

  384. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isReservedKey</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">K</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.isReservedKey" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  385. <dd><p>Whether <em>K</em> is a member of the set of keys of a <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a>.</p>

  386. </dd></dl>

  387. 

  388. <dl class="py method">

  389. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.output">

  390. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">header</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'Set-Cookie:'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  391. <dd><p>Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable to be sent as an HTTP

  392. header. By default, all the attributes are included, unless <em>attrs</em> is given, in

  393. which case it should be a list of attributes to use. <em>header</em> is by default

  394. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;Set-Cookie:&quot;</span></code>.</p>

  395. </dd></dl>

  396. 

  397. <dl class="py method">

  398. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.js_output">

  399. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">js_output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.js_output" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  400. <dd><p>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which

  401. supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.</p>

  402. <p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a>.</p>

  403. </dd></dl>

  404. 

  405. <dl class="py method">

  406. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.OutputString">

  407. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">OutputString</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attrs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.OutputString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  408. <dd><p>Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP or

  409. JavaScript.</p>

  410. <p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a>.</p>

  411. </dd></dl>

  412. 

  413. <dl class="py method">

  414. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.update">

  415. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">update</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">values</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.update" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  416. <dd><p>Update the values in the Morsel dictionary with the values in the dictionary

  417. <em>values</em>.  Raise an error if any of the keys in the <em>values</em> dict is not a

  418. valid <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attribute.</p>

  419. <div class="versionchanged">

  420. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>an error is raised for invalid keys.</p>

  421. </div>

  422. </dd></dl>

  423. 

  424. <dl class="py method">

  425. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.copy">

  426. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">copy</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.copy" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  427. <dd><p>Return a shallow copy of the Morsel object.</p>

  428. <div class="versionchanged">

  429. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>return a Morsel object instead of a dict.</p>

  430. </div>

  431. </dd></dl>

  432. 

  433. <dl class="py method">

  434. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.setdefault">

  435. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Morsel.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setdefault</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">key</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.setdefault" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  436. <dd><p>Raise an error if key is not a valid <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attribute, otherwise

  437. behave the same as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict.setdefault" title="dict.setdefault"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict.setdefault()</span></code></a>.</p>

  438. </dd></dl>

  439. 

  440. </section>

  441. <section id="example">

  442. <span id="cookie-example"></span><h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  443. <p>The following example demonstrates how to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code></a> module.</p>

  444. <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">http</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">cookies</span>

  445. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  446. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;fig&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;newton&quot;</span>

  447. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;sugar&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;wafer&quot;</span>

  448. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># generate HTTP headers</span>

  449. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: fig=newton</span>

  450. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer</span>

  451. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="c1"># same thing</span>

  452. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: fig=newton</span>

  453. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer</span>

  454. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  455. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;rocky&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;road&quot;</span>

  456. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;rocky&quot;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">&quot;path&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/cookie&quot;</span>

  457. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Cookie:&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>

  458. <span class="go">Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie</span>

  459. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[],</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Cookie:&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>

  460. <span class="go">Cookie: rocky=road</span>

  461. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  462. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;chips=ahoy; vienna=finger&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># load from a string (HTTP header)</span>

  463. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>

  464. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy</span>

  465. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: vienna=finger</span>

  466. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  467. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;keebler=&quot;E=everybody; L=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">&quot;Loves</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">&quot;; fudge=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">012;&quot;;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  468. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>

  469. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: keebler=&quot;E=everybody; L=\&quot;Loves\&quot;; fudge=\012;&quot;</span>

  470. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  471. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;oreo&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;doublestuff&quot;</span>

  472. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;oreo&quot;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">&quot;path&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/&quot;</span>

  473. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>

  474. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/</span>

  475. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  476. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;twix&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;none for you&quot;</span>

  477. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;twix&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>

  478. <span class="go">&#39;none for you&#39;</span>

  479. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>

  480. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="c1"># equivalent to C[&quot;number&quot;] = str(7)</span>

  481. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;seven&quot;</span>

  482. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>

  483. <span class="go">&#39;7&#39;</span>

  484. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>

  485. <span class="go">&#39;seven&#39;</span>

  486. <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>

  487. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: number=7</span>

  488. <span class="go">Set-Cookie: string=seven</span>

  489. </pre></div>

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