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Green_GoodERP18_FSJ_Standard/python/Doc/html/library/gzip.html

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  196.   <section id="module-gzip">

  197. <span id="gzip-support-for-gzip-files"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-gzip" title="gzip: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gzip</span></code></a> — Support for <strong class="program">gzip</strong> files<a class="headerlink" href="#module-gzip" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  198. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/gzip.py">Lib/gzip.py</a></p>

  199. <hr class="docutils" />

  200. <p>This module provides a simple interface to compress and decompress files just

  201. like the GNU programs <strong class="program">gzip</strong> and <strong class="program">gunzip</strong> would.</p>

  202. <p>The data compression is provided by the <a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#module-zlib" title="zlib: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib</span></code></a> module.</p>

  203. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gzip" title="gzip: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gzip</span></code></a> module provides the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> class, as well as the

  204. <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.open" title="gzip.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.compress" title="gzip.compress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compress()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.decompress" title="gzip.decompress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></code></a> convenience functions.

  205. The <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> class reads and writes <strong class="program">gzip</strong>-format files,

  206. automatically compressing or decompressing the data so that it looks like an

  207. ordinary <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a>.</p>

  208. <p>Note that additional file formats which can be decompressed by the

  209. <strong class="program">gzip</strong> and <strong class="program">gunzip</strong> programs, such  as those produced by

  210. <strong class="program">compress</strong> and <strong class="program">pack</strong>, are not supported by this module.</p>

  211. <p>The module defines the following items:</p>

  212. <dl class="py function">

  213. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.open">

  214. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gzip.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">compresslevel</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">9</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errors</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newline</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.open" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  215. <dd><p>Open a gzip-compressed file in binary or text mode, returning a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file

  216. object</span></a>.</p>

  217. <p>The <em>filename</em> argument can be an actual filename (a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or

  218. <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object), or an existing file object to read from or write to.</p>

  219. <p>The <em>mode</em> argument can be any of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'ab'</span></code>,

  220. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'xb'</span></code> for binary mode, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rt'</span></code>,

  221. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'at'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wt'</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'xt'</span></code> for text mode. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>.</p>

  222. <p>The <em>compresslevel</em> argument is an integer from 0 to 9, as for the

  223. <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> constructor.</p>

  224. <p>For binary mode, this function is equivalent to the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a>

  225. constructor: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile(filename,</span> <span class="pre">mode,</span> <span class="pre">compresslevel)</span></code>. In this case, the

  226. <em>encoding</em>, <em>errors</em> and <em>newline</em> arguments must not be provided.</p>

  227. <p>For text mode, a <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> object is created, and wrapped in an

  228. <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.TextIOWrapper" title="io.TextIOWrapper"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.TextIOWrapper</span></code></a> instance with the specified encoding, error

  229. handling behavior, and line ending(s).</p>

  230. <div class="versionchanged">

  231. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Added support for <em>filename</em> being a file object, support for text mode,

  232. and the <em>encoding</em>, <em>errors</em> and <em>newline</em> arguments.</p>

  233. </div>

  234. <div class="versionchanged">

  235. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Added support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'xb'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'xt'</span></code> modes.</p>

  236. </div>

  237. <div class="versionchanged">

  238. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>

  239. </div>

  240. </dd></dl>

  241. 

  242. <dl class="py exception">

  243. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.BadGzipFile">

  244. <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gzip.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">BadGzipFile</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.BadGzipFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  245. <dd><p>An exception raised for invalid gzip files.  It inherits from <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.

  246. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#zlib.error" title="zlib.error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib.error</span></code></a> can also be raised for invalid gzip

  247. files.</p>

  248. <div class="versionadded">

  249. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.8.</span></p>

  250. </div>

  251. </dd></dl>

  252. 

  253. <dl class="py class">

  254. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.GzipFile">

  255. <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gzip.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">compresslevel</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">9</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fileobj</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mtime</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  256. <dd><p>Constructor for the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> class, which simulates most of the

  257. methods of a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a>, with the exception of the <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.truncate" title="io.IOBase.truncate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">truncate()</span></code></a>

  258. method.  At least one of <em>fileobj</em> and <em>filename</em> must be given a non-trivial

  259. value.</p>

  260. <p>The new class instance is based on <em>fileobj</em>, which can be a regular file, an

  261. <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BytesIO" title="io.BytesIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.BytesIO</span></code></a> object, or any other object which simulates a file.  It

  262. defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, in which case <em>filename</em> is opened to provide a file

  263. object.</p>

  264. <p>When <em>fileobj</em> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the <em>filename</em> argument is only used to be

  265. included in the <strong class="program">gzip</strong> file header, which may include the original

  266. filename of the uncompressed file.  It defaults to the filename of <em>fileobj</em>, if

  267. discernible; otherwise, it defaults to the empty string, and in this case the

  268. original filename is not included in the header.</p>

  269. <p>The <em>mode</em> argument can be any of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'ab'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>,

  270. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'xb'</span></code>, depending on whether the file will be read or

  271. written.  The default is the mode of <em>fileobj</em> if discernible; otherwise, the

  272. default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>.  In future Python releases the mode of <em>fileobj</em> will

  273. not be used.  It is better to always specify <em>mode</em> for writing.</p>

  274. <p>Note that the file is always opened in binary mode. To open a compressed file

  275. in text mode, use <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.open" title="gzip.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> (or wrap your <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> with an

  276. <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.TextIOWrapper" title="io.TextIOWrapper"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.TextIOWrapper</span></code></a>).</p>

  277. <p>The <em>compresslevel</em> argument is an integer from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code> controlling

  278. the level of compression; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> is fastest and produces the least

  279. compression, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code> is slowest and produces the most compression. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>

  280. is no compression. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>.</p>

  281. <p>The <em>mtime</em> argument is an optional numeric timestamp to be written to

  282. the last modification time field in the stream when compressing.  It

  283. should only be provided in compression mode.  If omitted or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the

  284. current time is used.  See the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile.mtime" title="gzip.GzipFile.mtime"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mtime</span></code></a> attribute for more details.</p>

  285. <p>Calling a <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> object’s <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code> method does not close

  286. <em>fileobj</em>, since you might wish to append more material after the compressed

  287. data.  This also allows you to pass an <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BytesIO" title="io.BytesIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.BytesIO</span></code></a> object opened for

  288. writing as <em>fileobj</em>, and retrieve the resulting memory buffer using the

  289. <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BytesIO" title="io.BytesIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.BytesIO</span></code></a> object’s <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BytesIO.getvalue" title="io.BytesIO.getvalue"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getvalue()</span></code></a> method.</p>

  290. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> supports the <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BufferedIOBase" title="io.BufferedIOBase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.BufferedIOBase</span></code></a> interface,

  291. including iteration and the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.  Only the

  292. <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.truncate" title="io.IOBase.truncate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">truncate()</span></code></a> method isn’t implemented.</p>

  293. <p><a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> also provides the following method and attribute:</p>

  294. <dl class="py method">

  295. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.GzipFile.peek">

  296. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">peek</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.GzipFile.peek" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  297. <dd><p>Read <em>n</em> uncompressed bytes without advancing the file position.

  298. At most one single read on the compressed stream is done to satisfy

  299. the call.  The number of bytes returned may be more or less than

  300. requested.</p>

  301. <div class="admonition note">

  302. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  303. <p>While calling <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile.peek" title="gzip.GzipFile.peek"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">peek()</span></code></a> does not change the file position of

  304. the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a>, it may change the position of the underlying

  305. file object (e.g. if the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> was constructed with the

  306. <em>fileobj</em> parameter).</p>

  307. </div>

  308. <div class="versionadded">

  309. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  310. </div>

  311. </dd></dl>

  312. 

  313. <dl class="py attribute">

  314. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.GzipFile.mtime">

  315. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mtime</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.GzipFile.mtime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  316. <dd><p>When decompressing, the value of the last modification time field in

  317. the most recently read header may be read from this attribute, as an

  318. integer.  The initial value before reading any headers is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  319. <p>All <strong class="program">gzip</strong> compressed streams are required to contain this

  320. timestamp field.  Some programs, such as <strong class="program">gunzip</strong>, make use

  321. of the timestamp.  The format is the same as the return value of

  322. <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a> and the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime" title="os.stat_result.st_mtime"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">st_mtime</span></code></a> attribute of

  323. the object returned by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.stat" title="os.stat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.stat()</span></code></a>.</p>

  324. </dd></dl>

  325. 

  326. <dl class="py attribute">

  327. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.GzipFile.name">

  328. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">name</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.GzipFile.name" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  329. <dd><p>The path to the gzip file on disk, as a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.

  330. Equivalent to the output of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.fspath" title="os.fspath"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fspath()</span></code></a> on the original input path,

  331. with no other normalization, resolution or expansion.</p>

  332. </dd></dl>

  333. 

  334. <div class="versionchanged">

  335. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.1: </span>Support for the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement was added, along with the

  336. <em>mtime</em> constructor argument and <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile.mtime" title="gzip.GzipFile.mtime"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mtime</span></code></a> attribute.</p>

  337. </div>

  338. <div class="versionchanged">

  339. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Support for zero-padded and unseekable files was added.</p>

  340. </div>

  341. <div class="versionchanged">

  342. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BufferedIOBase.read1" title="io.BufferedIOBase.read1"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.BufferedIOBase.read1()</span></code></a> method is now implemented.</p>

  343. </div>

  344. <div class="versionchanged">

  345. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Added support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'xb'</span></code> modes.</p>

  346. </div>

  347. <div class="versionchanged">

  348. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for writing arbitrary

  349. <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like objects</span></a>.

  350. The <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BufferedIOBase.read" title="io.BufferedIOBase.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> method now accepts an argument of

  351. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>

  352. </div>

  353. <div class="versionchanged">

  354. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>

  355. </div>

  356. <div class="versionchanged">

  357. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>Remove the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code> attribute, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile.name" title="gzip.GzipFile.name"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code></a>

  358. attribute instead.</p>

  359. </div>

  360. <div class="deprecated">

  361. <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.9: </span>Opening <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> for writing without specifying the <em>mode</em>

  362. argument is deprecated.</p>

  363. </div>

  364. </dd></dl>

  365. 

  366. <dl class="py function">

  367. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.compress">

  368. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gzip.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compress</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">compresslevel</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">9</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mtime</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.compress" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  369. <dd><p>Compress the <em>data</em>, returning a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object containing

  370. the compressed data.  <em>compresslevel</em> and <em>mtime</em> have the same meaning as in

  371. the <a class="reference internal" href="#gzip.GzipFile" title="gzip.GzipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GzipFile</span></code></a> constructor above. When <em>mtime</em> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, this

  372. function is equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#zlib.compress" title="zlib.compress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib.compress()</span></code></a> with <em>wbits</em> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">31</span></code>.

  373. The zlib function is faster.</p>

  374. <div class="versionadded">

  375. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  376. </div>

  377. <div class="versionchanged">

  378. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Added the <em>mtime</em> parameter for reproducible output.</p>

  379. </div>

  380. <div class="versionchanged">

  381. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Speed is improved by compressing all data at once instead of in a

  382. streamed fashion. Calls with <em>mtime</em> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> are delegated to

  383. <a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#zlib.compress" title="zlib.compress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib.compress()</span></code></a> for better speed.</p>

  384. </div>

  385. </dd></dl>

  386. 

  387. <dl class="py function">

  388. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gzip.decompress">

  389. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gzip.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">decompress</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gzip.decompress" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  390. <dd><p>Decompress the <em>data</em>, returning a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object containing the

  391. uncompressed data. This function is capable of decompressing multi-member

  392. gzip data (multiple gzip blocks concatenated together). When the data is

  393. certain to contain only one member the <a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#zlib.decompress" title="zlib.decompress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib.decompress()</span></code></a> function with

  394. <em>wbits</em> set to 31 is faster.</p>

  395. <div class="versionadded">

  396. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  397. </div>

  398. <div class="versionchanged">

  399. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Speed is improved by decompressing members at once in memory instead of in

  400. a streamed fashion.</p>

  401. </div>

  402. </dd></dl>

  403. 

  404. <section id="examples-of-usage">

  405. <span id="gzip-usage-examples"></span><h2>Examples of usage<a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  406. <p>Example of how to read a compressed file:</p>

  407. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gzip</span>

  408. <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">gzip</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/home/joe/file.txt.gz&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>

  409.     <span class="n">file_content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>

  410. </pre></div>

  411. </div>

  412. <p>Example of how to create a compressed GZIP file:</p>

  413. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gzip</span>

  414. <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;Lots of content here&quot;</span>

  415. <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">gzip</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/home/joe/file.txt.gz&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>

  416.     <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">)</span>

  417. </pre></div>

  418. </div>

  419. <p>Example of how to GZIP compress an existing file:</p>

  420. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gzip</span>

  421. <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">shutil</span>

  422. <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/home/joe/file.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f_in</span><span class="p">:</span>

  423.     <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">gzip</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/home/joe/file.txt.gz&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f_out</span><span class="p">:</span>

  424.         <span class="n">shutil</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copyfileobj</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f_in</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f_out</span><span class="p">)</span>

  425. </pre></div>

  426. </div>

  427. <p>Example of how to GZIP compress a binary string:</p>

  428. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gzip</span>

  429. <span class="n">s_in</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;Lots of content here&quot;</span>

  430. <span class="n">s_out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gzip</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s_in</span><span class="p">)</span>

  431. </pre></div>

  432. </div>

  433. <div class="admonition seealso">

  434. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  435. <dl class="simple">

  436. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#module-zlib" title="zlib: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>The basic data compression module needed to support the <strong class="program">gzip</strong> file

  437. format.</p>

  438. </dd>

  439. </dl>

  440. </div>

  441. </section>

  442. <section id="command-line-interface">

  443. <span id="gzip-cli"></span><h2>Command Line Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-interface" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  444. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gzip" title="gzip: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gzip</span></code></a> module provides a simple command line interface to compress or

  445. decompress files.</p>

  446. <p>Once executed the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gzip" title="gzip: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gzip</span></code></a> module keeps the input file(s).</p>

  447. <div class="versionchanged">

  448. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Add a new command line interface with a usage.

  449. By default, when you will execute the CLI, the default compression level is 6.</p>

  450. </div>

  451. <section id="command-line-options">

  452. <h3>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>

  453. <dl class="std option">

  454. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-gzip-arg-file">

  455. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-gzip-arg-file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  456. <dd><p>If <em>file</em> is not specified, read from <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.stdin" title="sys.stdin"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code></a>.</p>

  457. </dd></dl>

  458. 

  459. <dl class="std option">

  460. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-gzip-fast">

  461. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--fast</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-gzip-fast" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  462. <dd><p>Indicates the fastest compression method (less compression).</p>

  463. </dd></dl>

  464. 

  465. <dl class="std option">

  466. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-gzip-best">

  467. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--best</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-gzip-best" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  468. <dd><p>Indicates the slowest compression method (best compression).</p>

  469. </dd></dl>

  470. 

  471. <dl class="std option">

  472. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-gzip-d">

  473. <span id="cmdoption-gzip-decompress"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-d</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--decompress</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-gzip-d" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  474. <dd><p>Decompress the given file.</p>

  475. </dd></dl>

  476. 

  477. <dl class="std option">

  478. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-gzip-h">

  479. <span id="cmdoption-gzip-help"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-h</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--help</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-gzip-h" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  480. <dd><p>Show the help message.</p>

  481. </dd></dl>

  482. 

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