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  193.   <section id="module-compileall">

  194. <span id="compileall-byte-compile-python-libraries"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-compileall" title="compileall: Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span></code></a> — Byte-compile Python libraries<a class="headerlink" href="#module-compileall" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>

  195. <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.12/Lib/compileall.py">Lib/compileall.py</a></p>

  196. <hr class="docutils" />

  197. <p>This module provides some utility functions to support installing Python

  198. libraries.  These functions compile Python source files in a directory tree.

  199. This module can be used to create the cached byte-code files at library

  200. installation time, which makes them available for use even by users who don’t

  201. have write permission to the library directories.</p>

  202. <div class="availability docutils container">

  203. <p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: not Emscripten, not WASI.</p>

  204. <p>This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms

  205. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-emscripten</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wasm32-wasi</span></code>. See

  206. <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#wasm-availability"><span class="std std-ref">WebAssembly platforms</span></a> for more information.</p>

  207. </div>

  208. <section id="command-line-use">

  209. <span id="compileall-cli"></span><h2>Command-line use<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-use" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  210. <p>This module can work as a script (using <strong class="program">python -m compileall</strong>) to

  211. compile Python sources.</p>

  212. <dl class="std option">

  213. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-arg-directory">

  214. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">...</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-arg-directory" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  215. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-arg-file">

  216. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">...</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-arg-file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  217. <dd><p>Positional arguments are files to compile or directories that contain

  218. source files, traversed recursively.  If no argument is given, behave as if

  219. the command line was <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-l</span> <em><span class="pre">&lt;directories</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">sys.path&gt;</span></em></code>.</p>

  220. </dd></dl>

  221. 

  222. <dl class="std option">

  223. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-l">

  224. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-l</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-l" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  225. <dd><p>Do not recurse into subdirectories, only compile source code files directly

  226. contained in the named or implied directories.</p>

  227. </dd></dl>

  228. 

  229. <dl class="std option">

  230. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-f">

  231. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-f</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-f" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  232. <dd><p>Force rebuild even if timestamps are up-to-date.</p>

  233. </dd></dl>

  234. 

  235. <dl class="std option">

  236. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-q">

  237. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-q</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-q" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  238. <dd><p>Do not print the list of files compiled. If passed once, error messages will

  239. still be printed. If passed twice (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-qq</span></code>), all output is suppressed.</p>

  240. </dd></dl>

  241. 

  242. <dl class="std option">

  243. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-d">

  244. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-d</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">destdir</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-d" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  245. <dd><p>Directory prepended to the path to each file being compiled.  This will

  246. appear in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the

  247. byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in

  248. cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is

  249. executed.</p>

  250. </dd></dl>

  251. 

  252. <dl class="std option">

  253. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-s">

  254. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-s</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">strip_prefix</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-s" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  255. <dd></dd></dl>

  256. 

  257. <dl class="std option">

  258. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-p">

  259. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-p</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">prepend_prefix</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-p" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  260. <dd><p>Remove (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>) or append (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code>) the given prefix of paths

  261. recorded in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files.

  262. Cannot be combined with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-d</span></code>.</p>

  263. </dd></dl>

  264. 

  265. <dl class="std option">

  266. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-x">

  267. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-x</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">regex</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-x" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  268. <dd><p>regex is used to search the full path to each file considered for

  269. compilation, and if the regex produces a match, the file is skipped.</p>

  270. </dd></dl>

  271. 

  272. <dl class="std option">

  273. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-i">

  274. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-i</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">list</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-i" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  275. <dd><p>Read the file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> and add each line that it contains to the list of

  276. files and directories to compile.  If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, read lines from

  277. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdin</span></code>.</p>

  278. </dd></dl>

  279. 

  280. <dl class="std option">

  281. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-b">

  282. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-b</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-b" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  283. <dd><p>Write the byte-code files to their legacy locations and names, which may

  284. overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python.  The default

  285. is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3147/"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows

  286. byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p>

  287. </dd></dl>

  288. 

  289. <dl class="std option">

  290. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-r">

  291. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-r</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-r" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  292. <dd><p>Control the maximum recursion level for subdirectories.

  293. If this is given, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-l</span></code> option will not be taken into account.

  294. <strong class="program">python -m compileall &lt;directory&gt; -r 0</strong> is equivalent to

  295. <strong class="program">python -m compileall &lt;directory&gt; -l</strong>.</p>

  296. </dd></dl>

  297. 

  298. <dl class="std option">

  299. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-j">

  300. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-j</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">N</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-j" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  301. <dd><p>Use <em>N</em> workers to compile the files within the given directory.

  302. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is used, then the result of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.cpu_count" title="os.cpu_count"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.cpu_count()</span></code></a>

  303. will be used.</p>

  304. </dd></dl>

  305. 

  306. <dl class="std option">

  307. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-invalidation-mode">

  308. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--invalidation-mode</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">[timestamp|checked-hash|unchecked-hash]</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-invalidation-mode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  309. <dd><p>Control how the generated byte-code files are invalidated at runtime.

  310. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code> value, means that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with the source timestamp

  311. and size embedded will be generated. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">checked-hash</span></code> and

  312. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unchecked-hash</span></code> values cause hash-based pycs to be generated. Hash-based

  313. pycs embed a hash of the source file contents rather than a timestamp. See

  314. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/import.html#pyc-invalidation"><span class="std std-ref">Cached bytecode invalidation</span></a> for more information on how Python validates

  315. bytecode cache files at runtime.

  316. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code> if the <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</span></code> environment

  317. variable is not set, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">checked-hash</span></code> if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</span></code>

  318. environment variable is set.</p>

  319. </dd></dl>

  320. 

  321. <dl class="std option">

  322. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-o">

  323. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-o</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">level</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-o" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  324. <dd><p>Compile with the given optimization level. May be used multiple times

  325. to compile for multiple levels at a time (for example,

  326. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span> <span class="pre">-o</span> <span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">-o</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code>).</p>

  327. </dd></dl>

  328. 

  329. <dl class="std option">

  330. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-e">

  331. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-e</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"> <span class="pre">dir</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-e" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  332. <dd><p>Ignore symlinks pointing outside the given directory.</p>

  333. </dd></dl>

  334. 

  335. <dl class="std option">

  336. <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-compileall-hardlink-dupes">

  337. <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--hardlink-dupes</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-hardlink-dupes" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  338. <dd><p>If two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with different optimization level have

  339. the same content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files.</p>

  340. </dd></dl>

  341. 

  342. <div class="versionchanged">

  343. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-i</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-b</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-h</span></code> options.</p>

  344. </div>

  345. <div class="versionchanged">

  346. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added the  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-j</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-qq</span></code> options.  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-q</span></code> option

  347. was changed to a multilevel value.  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-b</span></code> will always produce a

  348. byte-code file ending in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code>, never <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code>.</p>

  349. </div>

  350. <div class="versionchanged">

  351. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--invalidation-mode</span></code> option.</p>

  352. </div>

  353. <div class="versionchanged">

  354. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--hardlink-dupes</span></code> options.

  355. Raised the default recursion limit from 10 to

  356. <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.getrecursionlimit" title="sys.getrecursionlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code></a>.

  357. Added the possibility to specify the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-o</span></code> option multiple times.</p>

  358. </div>

  359. <p>There is no command-line option to control the optimization level used by the

  360. <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function, because the Python interpreter itself already

  361. provides the option: <strong class="program">python -O -m compileall</strong>.</p>

  362. <p>Similarly, the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function respects the <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.pycache_prefix" title="sys.pycache_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.pycache_prefix</span></code></a>

  363. setting. The generated bytecode cache will only be useful if <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> is

  364. run with the same <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.pycache_prefix" title="sys.pycache_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.pycache_prefix</span></code></a> (if any) that will be used at

  365. runtime.</p>

  366. </section>

  367. <section id="public-functions">

  368. <h2>Public functions<a class="headerlink" href="#public-functions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>

  369. <dl class="py function">

  370. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="compileall.compile_dir">

  371. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">compileall.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_dir</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dir</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ddir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rx</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quiet</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">legacy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">optimize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">workers</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">invalidation_mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stripdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prependdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limit_sl_dest</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hardlink_dupes</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_dir" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  372. <dd><p>Recursively descend the directory tree named by <em>dir</em>, compiling all <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code>

  373. files along the way. Return a true value if all the files compiled successfully,

  374. and a false value otherwise.</p>

  375. <p>The <em>maxlevels</em> parameter is used to limit the depth of the recursion; it

  376. defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code>.</p>

  377. <p>If <em>ddir</em> is given, it is prepended to the path to each file being compiled

  378. for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the

  379. byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in

  380. cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is

  381. executed.</p>

  382. <p>If <em>force</em> is true, modules are re-compiled even if the timestamps are up to

  383. date.</p>

  384. <p>If <em>rx</em> is given, its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">search</span></code> method is called on the complete path to each

  385. file considered for compilation, and if it returns a true value, the file

  386. is skipped. This can be used to exclude files matching a regular expression,

  387. given as a <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#re-objects"><span class="std std-ref">re.Pattern</span></a> object.</p>

  388. <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default), the filenames and other

  389. information are printed to standard out. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, only errors are

  390. printed. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, all output is suppressed.</p>

  391. <p>If <em>legacy</em> is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations

  392. and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of

  393. Python.  The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3147/"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and

  394. names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to

  395. coexist.</p>

  396. <p><em>optimize</em> specifies the optimization level for the compiler.  It is passed to

  397. the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function. Accepts also a sequence of optimization

  398. levels which lead to multiple compilations of one <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> file in one call.</p>

  399. <p>The argument <em>workers</em> specifies how many workers are used to

  400. compile files in parallel. The default is to not use multiple workers.

  401. If the platform can’t use multiple workers and <em>workers</em> argument is given,

  402. then sequential compilation will be used as a fallback.  If <em>workers</em>

  403. is 0, the number of cores in the system is used.  If <em>workers</em> is

  404. lower than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised.</p>

  405. <p><em>invalidation_mode</em> should be a member of the

  406. <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#py_compile.PycInvalidationMode" title="py_compile.PycInvalidationMode"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile.PycInvalidationMode</span></code></a> enum and controls how the generated

  407. pycs are invalidated at runtime.</p>

  408. <p>The <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em> and <em>limit_sl_dest</em> arguments correspond to

  409. the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> options described above.

  410. They may be specified as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.PathLike" title="os.PathLike"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.PathLike</span></code></a>.</p>

  411. <p>If <em>hardlink_dupes</em> is true and two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with different optimization

  412. level have the same content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files.</p>

  413. <div class="versionchanged">

  414. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <em>legacy</em> and <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p>

  415. </div>

  416. <div class="versionchanged">

  417. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added the <em>workers</em> parameter.</p>

  418. </div>

  419. <div class="versionchanged">

  420. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p>

  421. </div>

  422. <div class="versionchanged">

  423. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files

  424. no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p>

  425. </div>

  426. <div class="versionchanged">

  427. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>

  428. </div>

  429. <div class="versionchanged">

  430. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter was added.</p>

  431. </div>

  432. <div class="versionchanged">

  433. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.2: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter’s default value is updated to None.</p>

  434. </div>

  435. <div class="versionchanged">

  436. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.8: </span>Setting <em>workers</em> to 0 now chooses the optimal number of cores.</p>

  437. </div>

  438. <div class="versionchanged">

  439. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Added <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em>, <em>limit_sl_dest</em> and <em>hardlink_dupes</em> arguments.

  440. Default value of <em>maxlevels</em> was changed from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code></p>

  441. </div>

  442. </dd></dl>

  443. 

  444. <dl class="py function">

  445. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="compileall.compile_file">

  446. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">compileall.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fullname</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ddir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rx</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quiet</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">legacy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">optimize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">invalidation_mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stripdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prependdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limit_sl_dest</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hardlink_dupes</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  447. <dd><p>Compile the file with path <em>fullname</em>. Return a true value if the file

  448. compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p>

  449. <p>If <em>ddir</em> is given, it is prepended to the path to the file being compiled

  450. for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the

  451. byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in

  452. cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is

  453. executed.</p>

  454. <p>If <em>rx</em> is given, its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">search</span></code> method is passed the full path name to the

  455. file being compiled, and if it returns a true value, the file is not

  456. compiled and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> is returned. This can be used to exclude files matching

  457. a regular expression, given as a <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#re-objects"><span class="std std-ref">re.Pattern</span></a> object.</p>

  458. <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default), the filenames and other

  459. information are printed to standard out. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, only errors are

  460. printed. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, all output is suppressed.</p>

  461. <p>If <em>legacy</em> is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations

  462. and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of

  463. Python.  The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3147/"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and

  464. names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to

  465. coexist.</p>

  466. <p><em>optimize</em> specifies the optimization level for the compiler.  It is passed to

  467. the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function. Accepts also a sequence of optimization

  468. levels which lead to multiple compilations of one <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> file in one call.</p>

  469. <p><em>invalidation_mode</em> should be a member of the

  470. <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#py_compile.PycInvalidationMode" title="py_compile.PycInvalidationMode"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile.PycInvalidationMode</span></code></a> enum and controls how the generated

  471. pycs are invalidated at runtime.</p>

  472. <p>The <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em> and <em>limit_sl_dest</em> arguments correspond to

  473. the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code> options described above.

  474. They may be specified as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.PathLike" title="os.PathLike"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.PathLike</span></code></a>.</p>

  475. <p>If <em>hardlink_dupes</em> is true and two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files with different optimization

  476. level have the same content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files.</p>

  477. <div class="versionadded">

  478. <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>

  479. </div>

  480. <div class="versionchanged">

  481. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p>

  482. </div>

  483. <div class="versionchanged">

  484. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files

  485. no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p>

  486. </div>

  487. <div class="versionchanged">

  488. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter was added.</p>

  489. </div>

  490. <div class="versionchanged">

  491. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.2: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter’s default value is updated to None.</p>

  492. </div>

  493. <div class="versionchanged">

  494. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.9: </span>Added <em>stripdir</em>, <em>prependdir</em>, <em>limit_sl_dest</em> and <em>hardlink_dupes</em> arguments.</p>

  495. </div>

  496. </dd></dl>

  497. 

  498. <dl class="py function">

  499. <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="compileall.compile_path">

  500. <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">compileall.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_path</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">skip_curdir</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quiet</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">legacy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">optimize</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">invalidation_mode</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_path" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>

  501. <dd><p>Byte-compile all the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files found along <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>. Return a

  502. true value if all the files compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p>

  503. <p>If <em>skip_curdir</em> is true (the default), the current directory is not included

  504. in the search.  All other parameters are passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#compileall.compile_dir" title="compileall.compile_dir"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_dir()</span></code></a>

  505. function.  Note that unlike the other compile functions, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></code>

  506. defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p>

  507. <div class="versionchanged">

  508. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <em>legacy</em> and <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p>

  509. </div>

  510. <div class="versionchanged">

  511. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p>

  512. </div>

  513. <div class="versionchanged">

  514. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files

  515. no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p>

  516. </div>

  517. <div class="versionchanged">

  518. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter was added.</p>

  519. </div>

  520. <div class="versionchanged">

  521. <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7.2: </span>The <em>invalidation_mode</em> parameter’s default value is updated to None.</p>

  522. </div>

  523. </dd></dl>

  524. 

  525. <p>To force a recompile of all the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lib/</span></code>

  526. subdirectory and all its subdirectories:</p>

  527. <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">compileall</span>

  528. 

  529. <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Lib/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>

  530. 

  531. <span class="c1"># Perform same compilation, excluding files in .svn directories.</span>

  532. <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span>

  533. <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Lib/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">&#39;[/</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">][.]svn&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>

  534. 

  535. <span class="c1"># pathlib.Path objects can also be used.</span>

  536. <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pathlib</span>

  537. <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Lib/&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>

  538. </pre></div>

  539. </div>

  540. <div class="admonition seealso">

  541. <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>

  542. <dl class="simple">

  543. <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#module-py_compile" title="py_compile: Generate byte-code files from Python source files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Byte-compile a single source file.</p>

  544. </dd>

  545. </dl>

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  547. </section>

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