Baoding-FenShuaJiang
/
Green_GoodERP18_FSJ_Standard


			
				
					
						
						
							
							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>CLUSTER</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-close.html" title="CLOSE" /><link rel="next" href="sql-comment.html" title="COMMENT" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">CLUSTER</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-close.html" title="CLOSE">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 12.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-comment.html" title="COMMENT">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-CLUSTER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.51.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">CLUSTER</span></h2><p>CLUSTER — cluster a table according to an index</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [ USING <em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em> ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE]
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>
   <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> instructs <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
   to cluster the table specified
   by <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em>
   based on the index specified by
   <em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em>. The index must
   already have been defined on
   <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em>.
  </p><p>
   When a table is clustered, it is physically reordered
   based on the index information. Clustering is a one-time operation:
   when the table is subsequently updated, the changes are
   not clustered.  That is, no attempt is made to store new or
   updated rows according to their index order.  (If one wishes, one can
   periodically recluster by issuing the command again.  Also, setting
   the table's <code class="literal">fillfactor</code> storage parameter to less than
   100% can aid in preserving cluster ordering during updates, since updated
   rows are kept on the same page if enough space is available there.)
  </p><p>
   When a table is clustered, <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
   remembers which index it was clustered by.  The form
   <code class="command">CLUSTER <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em></code>
   reclusters the table using the same index as before.  You can also
   use the <code class="literal">CLUSTER</code> or <code class="literal">SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</code>
   forms of <a class="xref" href="sql-altertable.html" title="ALTER TABLE"><span class="refentrytitle">ALTER TABLE</span></a> to set the index to be used for
   future cluster operations, or to clear any previous setting.
  </p><p>
   <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> without any parameter reclusters all the
   previously-clustered tables in the current database that the calling user
   owns, or all such tables if called by a superuser.  This
   form of <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> cannot be executed inside a transaction
   block.
  </p><p>
   When a table is being clustered, an <code class="literal">ACCESS
   EXCLUSIVE</code> lock is acquired on it. This prevents any other
   database operations (both reads and writes) from operating on the
   table until the <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> is finished.
  </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.6"><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
      The name (possibly schema-qualified) of a table.
     </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
      The name of an index.
     </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">VERBOSE</code></span></dt><dd><p>
      Prints a progress report as each table is clustered.
     </p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.7"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
    In cases where you are accessing single rows randomly
    within a table, the actual order of the data in the
    table is unimportant. However, if you tend to access some
    data more than others, and there is an index that groups
    them together, you will benefit from using <code class="command">CLUSTER</code>.
    If you are requesting a range of indexed values from a table, or a
    single indexed value that has multiple rows that match,
    <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> will help because once the index identifies the
    table page for the first row that matches, all other rows
    that match are probably already on the same table page,
    and so you save disk accesses and speed up the query.
   </p><p>
    <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> can re-sort the table using either an index scan
    on the specified index, or (if the index is a b-tree) a sequential
    scan followed by sorting.  It will attempt to choose the method that
    will be faster, based on planner cost parameters and available statistical
    information.
   </p><p>
    When an index scan is used, a temporary copy of the table is created that
    contains the table data in the index order.  Temporary copies of each
    index on the table are created as well.  Therefore, you need free space on
    disk at least equal to the sum of the table size and the index sizes.
   </p><p>
    When a sequential scan and sort is used, a temporary sort file is
    also created, so that the peak temporary space requirement is as much
    as double the table size, plus the index sizes.  This method is often
    faster than the index scan method, but if the disk space requirement is
    intolerable, you can disable this choice by temporarily setting <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-query.html#GUC-ENABLE-SORT">enable_sort</a> to <code class="literal">off</code>.
   </p><p>
    It is advisable to set <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-MAINTENANCE-WORK-MEM">maintenance_work_mem</a> to
    a reasonably large value (but not more than the amount of RAM you can
    dedicate to the <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> operation) before clustering.
   </p><p>
    Because the planner records statistics about the ordering of
    tables, it is advisable to run <a class="xref" href="sql-analyze.html" title="ANALYZE"><span class="refentrytitle">ANALYZE</span></a>
    on the newly clustered table.
    Otherwise, the planner might make poor choices of query plans.
   </p><p>
    Because <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> remembers which indexes are clustered,
    one can cluster the tables one wants clustered manually the first time,
    then set up a periodic maintenance script that executes
    <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> without any parameters, so that the desired tables
    are periodically reclustered.
   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.8"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
   Cluster the table <code class="literal">employees</code> on the basis of
   its index <code class="literal">employees_ind</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CLUSTER employees USING employees_ind;
</pre><p>
  </p><p>
   Cluster the <code class="literal">employees</code> table using the same
   index that was used before:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CLUSTER employees;
</pre><p>
  </p><p>
   Cluster all tables in the database that have previously been clustered:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CLUSTER;
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.9"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
   There is no <code class="command">CLUSTER</code> statement in the SQL standard.
  </p><p>
   The syntax
</p><pre class="synopsis">
CLUSTER <em class="replaceable"><code>index_name</code></em> ON <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em>
</pre><p>
  is also supported for compatibility with pre-8.3 <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
  versions.
  </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.51.10"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="app-clusterdb.html" title="clusterdb"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">clusterdb</span></span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-close.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-comment.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">CLOSE </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> COMMENT</td></tr></table></div></body></html>